Pharmacology Exam 1
A client with recurrent urinary tract infections was prescribed sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim and experienced an allergic reaction. The client states, "I don't understand. I had a two-day course of the same drug last year with no problems." What is the nurse's best response?
"Allergic reactions happen after your body has been sensitized to a drug in the past."
The 68-year-old client states, "I have been taking aspirin on occasion for my arthritis for many years but notice that it takes longer for it to start working now." What is the best response by the nurse?
"As you get older, absorption is prolonged and medications may take a little longer to act than normal."
A 42-year-old client is experiencing chemotherapy-induced thrombocytopenia. The nurse is providing information to the client regarding the medication oprelvekin. Which information would the nurse include in the explanation?
"Chemotherapy has caused you to have a low platelet count, which puts you at risk for bleeding. Oprelvekin is used to increase platelet production to decrease the risk."
A client asks the nurse how long to use oxymetazoline (Afrin) nasal spray for nasal congestion. What is the nurse's best response?
"Consult with your primary care provider."
A client has expressed frustration stating, "I've been taking an over-the-counter (OTC) decongestant for several days and it still hasn't really cured my cold." What teaching point should the nurse convey to the client?
"Drugs like this can often relieve some of the symptoms of a cold, but they won't cure it."
A client diagnosed with the common cold asks the nurse about taking an over-the-counter (OTC) cold medications. What statement should the nurse include in client teaching?
"Follow the instructions on the label so that you don't end up making the congestion worse."
The nurse is assessing a community-dwelling client with a history of rheumatoid arthritis. During the interview, the client states, "The last few months, I have this ringing in my ears that I just cannot seem to get away from." What assessment question should the nurse ask?
"Have you been taking aspirin on a regular basis?"
The nurse is educating an older adult client diagnosed with rhinosinusitis in an outpatient clinic about the prescribed topical oxymetazoline. The client has a history of hypertension and coronary artery disease. Which statement made by the client establishes the need for further clarification?
"I can take over-the-counter pseudoephedrine, too."
A client comes to the clinic reporting vaginal discharge with itching. Which statement would alert the nurse to the possibility that the client's reports are related to a superinfection?
"I just completed a course of antibiotics prescribed by my dentist to treat a tooth abscess."
Which statement indicates that the client understands immunosuppressant therapy following a solid organ transplant?
"I know that I will need to stay on this medication for the rest of my life."
The nurse has finished teaching a 15-year-old client how to use an inhaler to treat asthma. What statement by the client suggests an understanding of the teaching?
"I need to shake the inhaler well before taking the medication."
An adolescent client is prescribed a leukotriene receptor antagonist as a part of a medication regime to manage his/her asthma. Which statement made by the client requires additional education on this classification of medications?
"I need to take the medication when I start to have problems breathing."
The nurse is teaching a client about the drug therapy regimen before being discharged. The nurse is emphasizing safety in the home setting. Which statement by the client indicates a need for additional teaching?
"I will make sure to store the medications in the bathroom medicine chest."
The client has been prescribed cromolyn (Intal) for the treatment of asthma, and the nurse is evaluating the client's understanding of the medication. Which statement by the client indicates the need for further education?
"I will use this medication when I am having an asthma attack."
After teaching a client who is receiving an antitussive about the drug, which statement indicates the need for additional teaching?
"I'll keep the room warm and toasty."
The nurse is caring for a client with cystic fibrosis who is receiving dornase alfa by nebulizer to help thin secretions. What statement by the client indicates a need for further instruction?
"I'm glad that this medication will address all of my symptoms."
The nurse is teaching a client about the potential for allergic drug reaction. What statement made by a client suggests a need for further teaching?
"If you didn't have allergies as a child, you won't develop allergies later in life."
A client recently discovered that she is pregnant. She currently takes herbal medications to control her diabetes and the symptoms related to pregnancy. She asks the nurse if it is safe to take herbal medications while she is pregnant. What would the nurse tell this client?
"Most herbal and dietary supplements should be avoided during pregnancy or lactation."
A client who just picked up a prescription at the pharmacy asks the nurse why the client was prescribed a medication for mental health issues when the client sought treatment for allergies. What is the nurse's best response?
"Tell me the name of your prescription please."
The nurse is teaching the parents of a school-aged child who is to receive medication therapy. What instructions should the nurse include?
"Tell your health care provider about all the medicines that your child is taking."
A client has hypertension and wants to take a nasal decongestant for cold symptoms. Which statement by the nurse indicates the effect of hypertensive medications on hypertension?
"The administration of a nasal decongestant will increase blood pressure due to vasoconstriction of blood vessels."
A client is administered mycophenolate to prevent rejection of the transplanted heart. It is recommended that the client have a CBC drawn weekly. The client asks the nurse the reason for the weekly CBC. What is the nurse's best response?
"The weekly CBC assesses for the development of infection."
A client taking a beta blocker for hypertension tells the nurse he will no longer take the medication because it is causing an inability for him to maintain an erection. What is the best explanation for this issue by the nurse?
"This is an expected adverse effect of the medication, but it is very important that you continue to take it. We can talk about other methods for sexual expression."
After teaching a group of parents about the use of over-the-counter cough and cold products with their children, which statement indicates the need for additional teaching?
"We can use the adult brand, but we just have to decrease the amount."
After teaching the parents of a child who is receiving drug therapy, which statement indicates the need for additional teaching?
"We can use the same medications that we use for similar problems in our child, but we might need to adjust the dosage."
When evaluating an asthmatic client's knowledge of self-care, the nurse recognizes that additional instructions are needed when the client makes which of the following statements?
"When I am short of breath, I will increase the use of my fluticasone."
The nurse is providing care for a client who has been prescribed a diuretic to treat hypertension. The client states that the effects of the drug are problematic, causing the client to wake up numerous times during the night to urinate. What assessment question should the nurse prioritize?
"When are you taking your medication?"
A male college student has presented to the campus medical clinic reporting cold symptoms that he has been experiencing for the past 2 weeks. He tells the nurse that he has been taking OTC decongestants twice daily since the onset of the cold. What teaching point should the nurse provide to this student?
"You might find yourself more congested than ever as your body compensates for your use of these drugs."
The nurse is administering colony-stimulating factors to an older adult client after chemotherapy. The nurse should explain to the client that this medication is being administered for which reason?
"Your body is going to have trouble fighting off infections on it's own. This medication will help with that."
The nurse is reviewing several orders for medications. Which dosage would cause the nurse to be concerned about the accuracy of the order?
.5 mg
When a drug is discontinued, what percentage of that drug will remain in the body after three half-lives?
12.5%
The nurse instructs a patient who is using albuterol for exercise-induced bronchospasm to use the inhaler at which time?
15 minutes prior to exercising
The nurse understands that the dosage recommended by drug manufacturers is based on an individual weighing:
150 lb (68 kg).
The nurse provides health education for a diverse group of clients. For which client should the nurse emphasize the risk of teratogenic drug effects?
20-year-old female client who has been diagnosed with a chlamydial infection
A patient receives guaifenesin. The nurse would expect the drug to begin acting within which time frame?
30 minutes
A client is prescribed salmeterol as treatment for exercise-induced asthma. The nurse would instruct the client to use the inhaler at which time?
30 minutes before engaging in exercise
A client is receiving 250 mg of a drug that has a half-life of 12 hours. How much drug would remain after 36 hours?
31 mg
A patient who is prescribed ipratropium administers the drug at 9:15 AM. The patient should begin to notice the drug beginning to act at which time?
9:30 AM
A client has been admitted to a health care facility with asthma. The nurse is to administer theophylline to the client. To which clients can the nurse safely administer theophylline?
A 65-year-old male with asthma
What client is experiencing an adverse effect that is a result of primary action?
A client taking anticoagulants who develops a gastrointestinal bleed
What client is most likely to have impaired drug metabolism?
A client who has a diagnosis of hepatitis C
Which client is most likely to experience the benefits of the placebo effect?
A client who states, "I know this drug is going to work for me
Which client is receiving a drug that is an agonist?
A client who takes insulin several time daily for type 1 diabetes
A client asks the nurse about using dextromethorphan to relieve a cough. What type of cough would the nurse explain is best treated with the drug?
A dry, nonproductive cough
A male client presents to the emergency department in bronchospasm. He has a history of smoking two packs per day for 20 years and is prescribed phenytoin to control a seizure disorder that developed after a head injury 3 years ago. Based on the client's history, what would the nurse expect the health care provider to order?
A modified dose of aminophylline
A client is administered an oral contraceptive. What is the process that occurs between the time the drug enters the body and the time it enters the bloodstream?
Absorption
A client is administered an oral contraceptive. What is the process that occurs between the time the drug enters the body and the time that it enters the bloodstream?
Absorption
A client is admitted after overdose with acetaminophen. What medication would the nurse expect to be administered?
Acetylcysteine
What action should the nurse perform during the implementation step of the nursing process?
Administrations and documentation of medications.
A female client is prescribed systemic corticosteroids for her asthma. The nurse knows that the client is at risk for what problem?
Adrenal insufficiency
When developing the teaching plan for a client receiving an antihistamine, which would the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
Advising the client to avoid alcohol consumption Using sugarless candies or lozenges to combat dry mouth
What is the characteristic action of an agonist?
Agonists bind to receptors and cause a physiologic effect.
Which of the following effects would result from the action of montelukast?
Decreased eosinophil migration
Mr. Ashum is prescribed an albuterol inhaler as part of his treatment regimen for asthma. What is the mechanism of action for this medication?
Albuterol causes relaxation of the bronchial smooth muscles.
The client has been diagnosed with asthma and is being treated with two inhalers, albuterol and flunisolide. The nurse teaches the client that the two medications should be administered in what order?
Albuterol first, wait five minutes and then follow with flunisolide
A patient with COPD presents at the Emergency Department (ED) in acute respiratory distress. The patient's family tells the nurse that the patient takes Atrovent and started having problems right after tasting soy milk. What would the nurse suspect is the problem?
An allergy to soy products
A client is being discharged from the emergency department (ED) after being treated for an anaphylactic reaction to shrimp the client ate for dinner. The client asks the nurse to explain food reactions. Which would be correct responses? Select all that apply.
Anaphylactic reactions can lead to respiratory distress and even respiratory arrest. Histamines produce immediate reactions. Anaphylactic reactions involve an antibody that causes the release of histamine.
When describing the benefits of second-generation H1 receptor antagonists to those of first-generation H1 receptor antagonists, the nurse should cite what advantage?
Decreased sedation
A 32-year-old client is admitted to the unit with a diagnosis of hypovolemia. The nurse writing a care plan for this client knows that an appropriate nursing diagnosis to help prevent medication errors is:
Deficient fluid volume
A client prescribed codeine for a persistent, debilitating cough tells the nurse, "I was sure that codeine was a narcotic that people take for pain." The nurse should cite what mechanism of action when describing this use of codeine?
Depression of the cough center in the medulla oblongata
The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client who will be discharged home with several new medications. When preparing the teaching session, what is the nurse's best action?
Determine the client's level of education.
Which of the following would be most likely to occur during the planning or implementation step of the nursing process?
Developing appropriate outcomes for drug response
Which of the following would be least likely to occur during the assessment phase of the nursing process for drug therapy?
Developing outcomes for effective response to drug therapy
A 45-year-old female client is being seen in the health care provider's office for a dry, hacking cough that is keeping her up at night. The provider prescribes dextromethorphan for the cough. Which statement is true about dextromethorphan?
Dextromethorphan works in the medulla to suppress the cough reflex.
A nurse is describing the action of a prescribed antihistamine to a client. The nurse is describing which medication, by explaining that the drug elicits its antihistamine effects by nonselectively binding to central and peripheral H1 receptors?
Diphenhydramine
An adult client has reported experiencing a dry mouth and urinary retention after several nights of taking an over-the-counter (OTC) sleep aid. The nurse should suspect that this medication contains what antihistamine?
Diphenhydramine
A client develops a cytotoxic reaction to a drug. What would the nurse expect to do?
Discontinue the drug immediately as ordered.
A client who is being treated for cancer developed a serum sickness reaction. The care team has been notified, and the client is being stabilized. What is the nurse's priority action?
Discontinue the drug immediately as ordered.
The nurse's discussion of the role of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) enzymes is focusing on what aspect of pharmacokinetics?
Drug metabolism that takes place in the liver
An instructor is preparing a class that describes the toxic effects of drugs. Which effect would the instructor expect to include?
Drugs cause unexpected or unacceptable reactions despite screening and testing.
A client is suspected of having a liver injury as a result of drug therapy. What laboratory finding would best support this diagnosis?
Elevated aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level
A client is admitted to the emergency department with inspiratory stridor and air hunger. When anticipating treatment, the nurse will prepare which medication for administration?
Epinephrine
Effectiveness of medication therapy is associated with which phase of the nursing process?
Evaluation
Isoproterenol is an anticholinergic agent. True/False
False
The breakdown of oral drugs in the liver immediately after absorption is known as which of the following?
First-pass effect
After teaching a group of students about leukotriene receptor antagonists, the instructor determines a need for additional teaching when the students identify which agent as an example?
Fluticasone
What can the tissue damage noted as an adverse effect of antirheumatoid drugs include? (Select all that apply.)
GI motility hypoglycemia skin problems super-infections
Where should the nurse initially direct a client who is interested in learning more about the management of asthma?
Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA)
"Evaluation" of the client's response to drug therapy relates most closely to which phase of the nursing process?
Goal
A client presents at the clinic with a dry, nonproductive cough. The client is diagnosed with bronchitis, and it is determined that they will need help thinning sputum so that the cough can become productive. What does the nurse expect will be prescribed for the client?
Guaifenesin
A group of nursing students are reviewing information about expectorants. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify which medication as an example?
Guaifenesin
An older adult client has been prescribed an inhaled corticosteroid for the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. When administering the drug, what action should the nurse perform to reduce the client's risk for developing oral candidiasis?
Have the resident rinse his or her mouth after each dose of the drug.
Which medication prescription by the health care provider will require the nurse to seek clarification?
Heparin 5,000 u SC every day
Acetylcysteine may be used as a mucolytic agent. What is an additional indication for the drug?
Antidote for acetaminophen poisoning
A client asks, "What is the difference between antitussive medications and expectorants?" What information should the nurse's response be based upon?
Antitussives suppress coughing while expectorants loosen bronchial secretions.
Which factor should the nurse take into account when administering medications to older adults on the unit?
As a result of age-related changes, older adults face an increased risk of adverse medication effects.
The health care provider orders NPH U100 insulin 16 units SC every AM for a client. The nurse prepares the insulin dose. To ensure safety, what does the nurse do?
Ask another nurse to double-check the measurement.
The nurse is conducting an admission assessment of a new client. When asked about any food or drug allergies, the client states that the client is allergic to tetracycline. What action should the nurse next perform?
Ask the client, "What happens when you take a dose of tetracycline?"
An adult client has asked the nurse to recommend an OTC cold remedy. Before making a recommendation, the nurse should implement which intervention?
Assess the client for health problems that may contraindicate the use of a particular remedy.
A client has developed a tolerance to a drug. How should the nurse address this when providing care?
Assess whether the client needs larger doses to achieve the effect.
The client has a daily antihypertensive medication prescribed. Taking the blood pressure prior to administration of the medication is which step of the nursing process?
Assessing
Place the steps of the nursing process in the proper sequence from first to last. Use all options.
Assessment Analysis (Diagnosis) Planning Implementation Evaluation
A client is prescribed a leukotriene receptor antagonist. The nurse should evaluate the effectiveness of the medication therapy based on the long term management of symptoms associated with which respiratory condition?
Asthma
A nurse is discussing interferon alfa-2b with a patient. What will the nurse encourage the patient to do while taking this drug?
Avoid alcohol
A client recently began taking theophylline for treatment of asthma. Which changes in the client's lifestyle would suggest that the client understands proper use of the drug and management of the disease?
Avoiding caffeine
What is the chemical mediator released in immune and inflammatory response to allergic reactions?
Histamine
What home remedies are effective for mouth dryness and cough? (Select all that apply.)
Humidification of the environment Sucking on hard candy or throat lozenges Adequate fluid intake
The nurse knows that a client is at high risk for developing drug tolerance because the client will be taking which drug for a long period of time?
Hydromorphone (Dilaudid) for pain
The nurse is educating an older adult client diagnosed with rhinosinusitis in an outpatient clinic about the prescribed topical oxymetazoline. The client has a history of hypertension and coronary artery disease. Which statement made by the client establishes the need for further clarification?
I can take over-the-counter pseudoephedrine, too."
A nurse is providing health education to a client recently diagnosed with asthma and prescribed albuterol and ipratropium. Which of the client's statements suggests a need for clarification by the nurse?
I'll keep taking my medications until I'm not experiencing any more symptoms."
Assessment of a client receiving drug therapy reveals that the client has been experiencing gastrointestinal upset related to the drug. The client states, "My stomach has been so upset that all I've been able to eat is soup and dry crackers." Which nursing diagnosis would be most likely?
Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements
A client is experiencing allergy symptoms after being exposed to environmental dust. This reaction involves the action of histamine, which is released by what cells?
Basophils
What would the nurse include in the teaching plan for a client who is to receive a drug that is associated with anticholinergic effects?
Be sure to drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration.
A nurse caring for a client in the hospital is being discharged today with a prescription for benzonatate (Tessalon Perles) 200 mg one capsule 3 times daily. What would the nurse tell the client about this prescription during discharge counseling? (Select all that apply.)
Benzonatate can cause GI upset and sedation. The client should drink plenty fluids.
Which of the following would a nurse identify as a surfactant?
Beractant
A client is experiencing an acute asthmatic attack. Which agent would be most effective?
Beta-2 selective adrenergic agonist
What is the most common first-line therapy for relief of an acute asthma attack?
Beta2-adrenergic agonist
A nurse is caring for a patient who has been prescribed a nasal decongestant. Which of the following factors should the nurse assess before administering the drug?
Blood pressure
The nursing instructor is discussing drug therapy in the older adult. The instructor would tell the students that what could affect therapeutic dosing in an older adult?
In older adults, drugs have decreased GI absorption.
The nurse is providing health education to an adult client who is taking an over-the-counter combination cold and cough remedy. What guidance should the nurse include to best assure medication safety?
Carefully read the label and adhere to the guidelines for use.
A client is given theophylline to treat acute asthma symptoms. Which food should the client avoid?
Chocolate
An adult client with newly diagnosed asthma presents for client education regarding situations that could precipitate an asthma attack. In this teaching, which precipitants would the nurse state may trigger an attack? Select all that apply.
Cigarette smoke Exercise Allergens Mold
A nurse would expect to increase the dosage of theophylline if the client has a current history of which of the following?
Cigarette smoking
Which agent acts directly on the medullary cough center?
Codeine
A nurse is providing discharge planning for a 45-year-old woman who has a prescription for oral albuterol. The nurse will question the patient about her intake of which of the following?
Coffee
The client's theophylline levels are increased when the lab results are added to the electronic health record. The nurse questions the client about his intake of which?
Coffee
The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving IV theophylline for treatment of severe bronchospasm. The nurse will ensure that which item on the client's food tray will be held while the client is receiving theophylline?
Coffee
The nurse is providing education to a client who has been prescribed an antiasthmatic drug. The nurse should instruct the client to avoid excessive intake of what beverage?
Coffee
The nurse understands that an admission assessment is completed to accomplish what goal?
Collect data.
The nurse receives an order for 2.5 mg of diphenhydramine for a client with a mild allergic reaction. The nurse is aware that this is an unusual order. What is the nurse's best action?
Contact the prescriber for clarification.
A client having an allergic reaction to mold, describes chest tightness and difficulty breathing. Which process is occurring?
Contraction of smooth muscle in the bronchi
When assessing a client prior to starting a drug regimen, it is often necessary to have a baseline kidney function study done. What might kidney impairment indicate in relation to drug therapy?
Contraindication to the use of a drug
A group of students are reviewing the various drugs that affect inflammation. The students demonstrate understanding when they identify which agent as a mast cell stabilizer?
Cromolyn
While studying the T- and B-cell immune suppressors, the nursing students learn that the most commonly used immune suppressant is:
Cyclosporine
A client with asthma is administered zileuton along with theophylline. The nurse should be especially alert for which of the following?
Increased serum theophylline
A 78-year-old male client begins an immunosuppressant therapy for his rheumatoid arthritis. The nurse is concerned because this client is at greater risk for what complication, compared with younger adults using the same treatment modality?
Infections
The nurse is reviewing a client's morning blood work and notes a theophylline level of 22.2 mcg/mL (123.21 µmol/L). What action should the nurse take?
Inform the health care provider that the client has toxic theophylline levels.
A client is prescribed salmeterol. The nurse would expect this drug to be administered by which route?
Inhalation
A nurse is administering levalbuterol to a client. The nurse would administer this drug by which route?
Inhalation
The nurse is providing education to a client with asthma on the therapeutic action of inhaled corticosteroid agents. How will the nurse describe the action?
Inhaled corticosteroid agents reduce airway inflammation.
A 79-year-old woman who takes several medications for a variety of chronic health problems has been prescribed an oral antiplatelet aggregator that is to be taken once daily. The nurse has encouraged the woman to take the pill at the same time of day that she takes some of her other medications. What is the most likely rationale for the nurse's advice?
Integrating the new drug into the client's existing schedule promotes adherence
Which agent would be classified as an immune stimulant?
Interferon alfa-2b
A neonate is receiving beractant. The nurse understands that this agent is administered by which route?
Intratracheal
Which route of administration is most likely to cause toxic effects?
Intravenous
A client diagnosed with anemia asks what the cause of anemia is. Which is the nurse's best response?
It is caused by a decrease in the number of RBCs.
A client with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder has begun lithium therapy. What is the primary rationale for the nurse's instructions regarding the need for regular monitoring of the client's serum drug levels?
It is necessary to ensure that the client's drug levels are therapeutic but not toxic.
A client is prescribed filgrastim. Which is the nurse's best explanation of how this drug works?
It stimulates growth and production of WBCs to fight off infection.
A 68-year-old female who was diagnosed with hypertension 2 weeks ago and was prescribed a new hypertension medication. The client has returned to the clinic for a follow-up visit. The nurse notes that the client's blood pressure is unchanged from her last clinic visit. When the client was asked if she was taking the new medication on a regular basis, she stated, "I thought that I was supposed to take the new drug when I had a pounding headache or was in a stressful situation, not all the time." The most appropriate nursing diagnosis for this client would be which?
Knowledge, Deficient, due to the lack of understanding of treatment regimen
The nurse educator is teaching an online pharmacology class. The topic of the online seminar is the contraindications for the use of colony stimulation factor. The nurse includes which contraindication?
Known hypersensitivity
What does the nurse need to do when there is any indication of an allergic reaction in clients?
Maintain the client's safety during drug therapy.
Which agent would a nurse expect the health care provider to prescribe for a client experiencing motion sickness?
Meclizine
A female client calls the pediatrician's office for a suggestion regarding the best over-the-counter cough and cold medicine for her 6-month-old child. The pediatrician advises against the medication for what reason?
Misuse could result in overdose.
An 8-year-old child with an acute asthmatic attack is receiving metaproterenol via nebulizer. Which of the following would be most appropriate?
Mix the drug with saline.
A newborn, experiencing ineffective alveolar expansion, is receiving treatment. What intervention should the nurse implement to assure the administration of the prescribed medication has been effective?
Monitoring respirations for bilateral chest movement
A client with cystic fibrosis may use which type of medication to reduce the viscosity of respiratory secretions?
Mucolytic
A client has been prescribed a nasal steroid. The client asks the nurse about the infection that the nasal steroid has been prescribed for. What would be an appropriate response by the nurse?
Nasal steroids are contraindicated in the presence of an acute infection.
Which would contraindicate the use of a topical nasal decongestant?
Nasal ulceration
The health care provider has ordered promethazine (Phenergan) for a client who is having a severe allergic reaction. The nurse is aware that this medication is also used to treat what condition?
Nausea and vomiting
A nurse is preparing a presentation for a local elementary school parent group about over-the-counter cold medications and their use in children. Which would be most appropriate to include? (Select all that apply.)
Need to follow the directions for how often to give the drug Avoidance of use in children under age 2 Importance of reading the label for ingredients and dosage
The client uses his sympathomimetic inhaler frequently. The nurse evaluates the client for which of the following symptoms related to frequent use of the sympathomimetic inhaler?
Nervousness
A 75-year-old client is self-administering an oral nasal decongestant. The nurse is concerned that the client is at risk for what conditions? (Select all that apply.)
Nervousness Hypertension
A client is receiving an antineoplastic medication for treatment of breast cancer and begins having tonic-clonic seizure activity. What type of toxicity does the nurse recognize that this client is experiencing?
Neurotoxicity
An older adult client calls the health care provider's office and tells the nurse that prescriptions for three medications have run out and the pharmacy will not refill them this close together. A home health referral is made and the client is found to be taking the medication more often than prescribed. What is a priority nursing diagnosis for this client?
Nonadherence to therapeutic medication regimen
A nurse is beginning to apply the nursing process during a new client interaction. What activity should the nurse perform?
Obtain a medication history.
Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) is prescribed for a client suffering from nasal and sinus congestion. What is the most important assessment the nurse should complete before the client leaves the clinic to purchase the medication?
Obtain the client's blood pressure.
An older adult client must take a variety of medicines under different conditions and at different times of the day. The client's spouse is available to help most of the time. How can the couple best ensure that the client takes all medicines under the correct conditions?
Once a week, dispense all the medicines into a large, divided container.
Which is the most likely indication for the use of immunosuppressant agents?
Organ transplantation
Which of the following would be most important to assess before administering calfactant? (Select all that apply.)
Oxygen saturation levels Lung sounds Endotracheal tube placement
A client with a longstanding diagnosis of schizophrenia has taken antipsychotic drugs for several decades. For what adverse effect should the nurse assess?
Parkinsonian symptoms
A patient presents at the Emergency Department (ED) in acute respiratory distress. A quick assessment by the triage nurse indicates that the patient experienced difficulty breathing immediately after taking Combivent for the first time. The nurse suspects that the patient may be allergic to what?
Peanuts
A 7-year-old child fell off a wood pile while playing and has been admitted to the ICU with multiple broken bones and internal bleeding. What factor related to drug therapy will be altered in this client?
Pharmacodynamics may be altered.
What type of drug therapy uses an individualized drug plan based upon a client's DNA?
Pharmacogenetics
An adult client experienced a kidney transplant 2 days ago, and the regimen of antirejection drugs began just prior to surgery. What nursing action should be integrated into this client's plan of care?
Place the client in a single, protective isolation room.
To help understand immunostimulant drug therapy, the client has come to the clinic for a class on thrombopoiesis. The nurse explains that the term means the formation of which types of blood cells?
Platelets
Mycophenolate mofetil is being considered in the treatment of a 39-year-old female transplant recipient. Before the initiation of therapy, the nurse must assess the client for what information to ensure safety?
Pregnancy status
An older adult client is administered dimenhydrinate. Which is the priority nursing intervention for this client?
Protect from injury.
A patient who is receiving an immune modulator has been admitted to the unit. What would be a priority action by the nurse?
Protect the patient from exposure to infection.
A client began a new medication four days ago and presents with a temperature of 38.2° C (100.8 °F), dependent edema, and swollen cervical lymph nodes. The nurse has informed the client's provider, who has discontinued the medication. What subsequent intervention should the nurse prioritize?
Provide supportive care to manage fever and inflammation
Which nursing intervention would the nurse expect to do during implementation?
Providing client teaching about a drug therapy regimen.
Which agent would the nurse instruct a client to use orally?
Pseudoephedrine
What is an adverse reaction commonly experienced by people taking nasal decongestants?
Rebound congestion
An instructor is describing a specific area on a cell membrane where most drugs are thought to act. The students demonstrate understanding of this information when they identify this area as what?
Receptor site
A client, experiencing respiratory distress related bronchi constriction, will benefit from what therapeutic action provided by anticholinergic medication therapy?
Relaxation of smooth muscle
The nurse is preparing to administer a medication to a client and needs to confirm identification of the client. What may the nurse use to identify this client? (Select all that apply.)
Request that the client state their name. Ask the client to state the birthdate. Check the client's wristband for the name.
The nurse has learned that a client has begun supplementing the prescribed medication regimen with a series of herbal remedies. Which is the most important nursing intervention regarding the safe use of herbal supplements?
Research for potential interactions with medications.
When assessing a client before starting a drug regimen, how should the nurse best assess the client's ability to excrete medications?
Review laboratory values indicative of kidney function
A client receiving drug therapy develops numbness and tingling in the extremities and muscle cramps. What assessment should the nurse perform?
Review the client's most recent potassium level.
A gerontological nurse has encouraged a group of caregivers who work with older adults to avoid administering first-generation H1 receptor antagonists to their clients. The nurse's cautionary message is an acknowledgment of what possible nursing diagnosis?
Risk for falls related to sedation
A client has begun taking an antidepressant that causes the client to be drowsy. What nursing diagnosis should the nurse prioritize related to drug therapy?
Risk for injury
The nurse is evaluating the education of a client that uses albuterol for an acute asthma attack. The nurse knows that the lesson has been effective when the client states that albuterol is which of the following types of medication?
SABA
A client is experiencing central nervous system effects related to drug therapy. Which would be most important for the nurse to emphasize in the teaching plan?
Safety measures
A female client presents to the emergency department with acutely deteriorating asthma. Her husband tells the nurse that his wife takes salmeterol. He then tells the nurse that he gave her three extra puffs when she became ill. What statement is correct in this situation
Salmeterol is contraindicated based on his wife's condition.
A female client presents to the emergency department with acutely deteriorating asthma. Her husband tells the nurse that his wife takes salmeterol. He then tells the nurse that he gave her three extra puffs when she became ill. What statement is correct in this situation?
Salmeterol is contraindicated based on his wife's condition.
When describing the effects of second-generation antihistamines, which would the nurse address as being decreased?
Sedation
When describing the action of dornase alfa in treating cystic fibrosis, the nurse understands that this drug:
Separates extracellular DNA from protein in mucus
What is an adverse effect of excessive immunosuppression?
Serious infection
A client is receiving an IV immune stimulant and develops a cardiac arrhythmia. What is the nurse's priority action?
Stop the drug immediately.
A group of students demonstrate understanding of topical decongestants, identifying them as:
Sympathomimetics
The nurse is providing education to a client who has been prescribed albuterol. What adverse reaction should the nurse discuss during teaching?
Tachycardia
A 62-year-old client has been prescribed an antihistamine to alleviate vasomotor rhinitis. The client reports gastric irritation after taking the tablet. Which instructions should the nurse provide to help alleviate the client's condition?
Take the tablet with food.
When providing drug therapy to a client, what is a responsibility of the nurse?
Teach the client how to cope with the effects of the drug to ensure the best outcome.
A client with lymphoma is scheduled to begin chemotherapy tomorrow. When providing health education for the client regarding the risk for stomatitis, what should the nurse teach the client?
Techniques for providing safe and effective mouth care
What is the primary purpose associated with the use of the nursing process related to the implementation of medication therapy?
That holistic, evidence-informed care is given
Which organization is responsible for the continuation of defining, explaining, classifying, and researching summary statements about health problems related to nursing?
The North American Nursing Diagnosis Association-International (NANDA)
A client is on antibiotic therapy for an axillary abscess. The client has been outside working in the yard and observes a rash everywhere that is not covered by clothing. What should the client be told about this finding?
The client is having photosensitivity and this can occur even with brief exposure to the sun or UV rays.
A newly admitting client has signs and symptoms of an infection and the nurse anticipates that the client will be prescribed antibiotics. What assessment should the nurse prioritize when determining the client's risk for an excessive drug response due to impaired excretion?
The client's blood urea nitrogen level and creatinine clearance rate
The nurse is providing discharge education for a frail older adult client who lives alone in an apartment. The client will soon be discharged from the hospital with several new prescriptions. What assessment should the nurse prioritize when determining the client's safety in the home setting?
The client's level of social support
What information from the Kardex is likely to have the greatest implication in educating the client about antihistamine administration?
The client's profession
What is the expected therapeutic outcome of the simultaneous administration of two medications?
The combined effects are greater than the effects of either one of the drugs alone.
The nurse is administering a drug that has selective toxicity. What effect will this have on the client?
The drug will affect foreign cells but not healthy body cells.
A 70-year-old man who enjoys good health began taking low-dose aspirin several months ago based on recommendations that he read in a magazine article. During the man's most recent visit to his care provider, routine blood work was ordered and the results indicated an unprecedented rise in the man's serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels. How should a nurse best interpret these findings?
The man may be experiencing nephrotoxic effects of aspirin
What is true concerning medication errors?
The nurse is responsible for ensuring medication safety.
Which statement is true about a nursing diagnosis?
The nursing diagnosis relates the client's status.
A hospital client's medication administration record specifies concurrent doses of nebulized ipratropium and albuterol at 08:00 and 20:00. When administering these drugs, the nurse should base the intervention on which fact?
The two drugs can be mixed in the nebulizer immediately before administration.
Why are inhaled steroids used to treat asthma and COPD?
They act locally to decrease release of inflammatory mediators
The nursing instructor is discussing the use of nasal decongestants and shares what reason for their effectiveness?
They come into direct contact with nasal mucosa.
While studying for a pharmacology test, a student asks peers about interferons. What statement about interferons is true?
They interfere with the ability of viruses in infected cells to replicate.
What is true concerning the "placebo effect" in drug administration?
Thinking that the drug will help the patient creates the placebo effect.
Expectorants elicit their effect by which mechanism?
Thinning respiratory secretions
The nurse is providing education to a client who has been prescribed diphenhydramine. What information should the nurse convey to the client?
This drug is likely to make you feel drowsy."
An elderly client has been taking a new medication for 2 months. During a follow-up visit, the client's son tells the nurse that he feels his mother's memory is getting worse. What concerns should the nurse have at this time?
This may be coincidental, and the memory loss may be attributed to changes with aging.
Why is it important for the nurse to obtain baseline information from a client, such as a drug profile, an accurate history of the client's usual abilities, and changes in abilities or health status?
To determine any new signs and symptoms in the client that could be related to drug therapy
Parents who treat their children's cold and flu symptoms at home, should be reminded to read the labels of medications they use. What is the most important reason for doing so?
To understand proper use, precautions, and contraindications
Most of the drugs that affect the immune system are not recommended for use in children or have not been tested in children.
True
A client is being assessed by the home care nurse for the appropriate use of a metered-dose inhaler. Instructions concerning which intervention will assist a client in the proper use of the device?
Using a spacer
When describing the action of decongestants, a nurse integrates knowledge of this class of drugs, identifying which mechanism?
Vasoconstriction of small blood vessels of the nasal membranes
After teaching a group of students about zafirlukast, the students demonstrate understanding when they identify which as possible adverse effects? (Select all that apply.)
Vomiting Myalgia Dizziness
The nurse should consider teratogenic effects when caring for what clients? (Select all that apply.)
a 29-year-old client receiving prenatal care in her first trimester of pregnancy a 37-year-old client who is taking fertility drugs
A client asks what neutropenia is. Which is the nurse's best response?
a condition when the neutrophil level is very low
The nurse is caring for a client receiving an aminoglycoside (antibiotic) that can be nephrotoxic. Which will alert the nurse that the client may be experiencing nephrotoxicity?
a decrease in urine output
A female client has a 12-year history of ETOH abuse. The client is injured in a motor vehicle accident and requires surgery with general anesthesia. What would the nurse expect for this client?
a larger-than-normal dose of the general anesthetic
A nurse is caring for a client who has had part of her small intestine removed due to cancer. She has also now developed hypertension and has been prescribed a new medication to decrease her blood pressure. While planning the client's care, the nurse should consider a possible alteration in which aspect of pharmacokinetics?
absorption
What represents a pharmacokinetic phase? (Select all that apply.)
absorption excretion distribution metabolism
A client has been prescribed an oral drug that is known to have a high first-pass effect. Which measure has the potential to increase the amount of the free drug that is available to body cells?
administering the drug intravenously rather than orally
Some older adults are at risk for medication-related problems. Which group(s) are at highest risk for these problems? (Select all that apply.)
adults older than 85 years older adults with six chronic medical conditions older adults who take one or more medications or more than 12 doses of medication per day
The nurse should have basic knowledge of drug classifications in order to administer medications safely to clients. What drug information is instrumental in determining nursing actions following drug administration?
adverse effects
What is considered a possible trigger for an asthma attack? Select all that apply
allergens cigarette smoke exercise pollutants
Which are examples of things that should be included as part of the nurse's initial assessment? (Select all that apply.)
allergy history occupational history vital signs pregnancy status
Upon assessment after giving oral penicillin, the nurse notes that a client has dilated pupils, increased blood pressure, and increased heart rate. The nurse would document these findings as which type of drug allergic reaction?
anaphylactic
The nurse is called to a client's room 15 minutes after the client has received a new medication. The client reports pruritus as well as nausea. The nurse notes that the client appears pale, is sweating, and has begun to cough and wheeze. The nurse determines that the client is experiencing what type of reaction related to the new medication?
anaphylactic shock
The nurse is caring for a client with a drug allergy and understands the allergy is the result of the client developing:
antibodies.
Preoperative atropine belongs to what classification of drugs?
anticholinergic
in some antitussives does the instructor tell students can cause drowsiness?
antihistamine
A client has not experienced the desired therapeutic effects of a medication. When considering factors that may affect the dynamic equilibrium that influences drug concentration, the nurse should:
assess for factors that may reduce absorption.
To determine a client's self-care ability, it is most important for the nurse to perform what step of the nursing process?
assessment
A client with a serious Escherichia coli infection is being treated with gentamicin. When monitoring for potential adverse effects, the nurse should prioritize:
blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels.
A nurse is caring for a 77-year-old. The nurse would know that a normal physiologic change that must be considered when planning drug therapy, and is associated with aging is:
blood volume decreases.
For several days, a client with hypertension has been inadvertently taking an excessive dose of spironolactone, a potassium-sparing diuretic. The client has presented to the emergency department with signs and symptoms that suggest hyperkalemia. What assessment should the nurse prioritize?
cardiac monitoring
A client has just been admitted for an overdose of pseudoephedrine. The nurse's assessment of the client should prioritize what system?
cardiovascular
The nurse is caring for a group of clients and is aware that which client may require a reduction in medication dosage? (Select all that apply.)
client with cirrhosis of the liver client with chronic hepatitis C client with cancer of the liver
A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed multiple medications. Which clients are most likely to have adverse drug reactions?
clients who are very young or very old
A client is receiving a drug to lower blood glucose level. What would lead the nurse to suspect that the client's blood glucose level was too low?
cold, clammy skin
A nurse receives an order to administer a critically ill patient two drugs immediately (stat). The nurse begins the process by:
consulting a drug guide for compatibility.
A client develops a skin reaction to one of their prescribed medications. This client also has a specific underlying pathology. This underlying pathology might serve as a:
contraindication for the use of certain medications
What function is associated with metabolism?
converting fat-soluble drugs into water-soluble forms
A 72-year-old man with pain issues is being given a drug by the intramuscular route. His serum blood level concentrations have been erratic. The nurse suspects that this may be due to
decreased blood flow to tissues and muscles.
A 72-year-old man who is unable to sleep since admission into the hospital is given a hypnotic medication at 9 PM. The nurse finds the patient drowsy and confused at 10 AM the next day. The nurse is aware that this behavior is most likely due to
decreased hepatic function.
The nurse is planning care for a client who is experiencing excessive respiratory tract secretions. What intervention should the nurse include?
deep breathing and coughing exercises
After assessing a client, what step of the nursing process will the nurse perform before planning care?
diagnosis
The nurse determines that the client has a "knowledge deficit." The nurse is performing what step of the nursing process?
diagnosis
What would the nurse expect to assess in a client experiencing an anaphylactic reaction? (Select all that apply.)
dilated pupils feeling of panic difficulty breathing
What medication should be prescribed to minimize the risk associated with a blood transfusion for a client with a history of a previous transfusion reaction?
diphenhydramine
A 38-year-old client is obese and has abscesses around the inner thigh muscles. The client is receiving IV antibiotics, but no improvement has been seen. The client questions the nurse about the most likely cause for the drug therapy failure. The nurse explains that the:
distribution of the drug to the area of the abscesses is impaired.
When determining if the client understands teaching, what step of the nursing process is the nurse performing?
evaluation
A nurse is caring for a 49-year-old client with acute gout and arthritis. The nurse interviews the client and checks the medical records. Which additional assessment should the nurse consider before medication administration teaching?
examining the client physically
What is considered a possible trigger for an asthma attack? Select all that apply.
exercise pollutants cigarette smoke allergens
The mentoring nurse is orienting a new graduate RN to the geriatric floor. What assessment technique will the new graduate nurse perform to identify an age-related physiological change associated with medication metabolism?
external palpation of the liver
A client is taking low-dose aspirin daily for her heart. The client is not receiving all the dosage of the aspirin that is being ingested because of:
first-pass effect.
A client develops stomatitis from drug therapy. Which measure would be most appropriate for the nurse to suggest?
frequent rinsing with cool liquids
The nurse is aware that the most relevant way in which aging affects the pharmacokinetic process of drug administration is decreased:
function of vital organs.
A client has been prescribed medication therapy for the treatment of newly diagnosed asthma. During teaching, the nurse should alert the client to potential exacerbation of what concurrent medical condition?
gastroesophageal reflux disease
A client has been prescribed oral cyclosporine following a successful liver transplant. When providing education, the nurse should advise the client to avoid mixing the drug with what liquid?
grapefruit juice
A nurse is providing education to a 56-year-old man who is admitted to the emergency department with an acute asthma attack. The nurse's initial assessment reveals that the patient has a history of pneumonia, drinks large quantities of coffee, and eats a high-calorie diet. Albuterol is prescribed for him. The important consideration when the nurse is preparing a teaching plan will be that the patient
has a high coffee intake.
When researching information about a drug, the nurse finds that the drug tightly binds to protein. The nurse would interpret this to mean that the drug will:
have a long duration of action.
Which symptoms are indicators that the client is having an anaphylactic reaction? (Select all that apply.)
hives difficulty breathing panicked feeling
Which condition would contraindicate the use of oxymetazoline?
hypertension
When reviewing the medication list of a client being seen in the clinic, the nurse notes that the client is receiving glipizide. Based on the nurse's understanding, this drug can cause:
hypoglycemia.
To correctly administer a medication, when should the nurse compare the medication with the medication administration record (MAR)? (Select all that apply.)
immediately prior to medication administration when removing the medication from the medication cart when initially looking at the medication label
Use caution and arrange to reduce the dose if a monoclonal antibody is combined with any other ________________ drug because severe immune suppression with increased infections and neoplasms can occur.
immunosuppressant
A client is scheduled for a test. Prior to the test, the client must be premedicated. When administering the prescribed pre-procedure sedative, the nurse is performing an intervention associated with what step of the nursing process?
implementation
The nurse checks a client's temperature before administering a standing prescription for acetaminophen for temperatures over 100°F (37.8°C). The client's temperature is 98.9°F (37.2°C), so the nurse decides to withhold the dose of acetaminophen. Withholding the dose represents which phase of the nursing process?
implementation
Which nursing diagnosis would provide the clearest indication for the administration of inhaled acetylcysteine?
ineffective airway clearance
A 53-year-old man is receiving cyclosporine in order to prevent rejection of a transplanted kidney. The nurse should prioritize assessments related to:
infection.
A nurse has been assigned to care for a 52-year-old client with hypertension and peptic ulcer disease. Before administering the client's medications, the nurse must complete an initial assessment. From what sources should core variables must be obtained? (Select all that apply.)
interview medical history medical record physical examination
Drug excretion occurs mainly in which organ?
kidneys
Two years ago, a client was prescribed a medication to control hypercholesterolemia. Now the health care provider prescribes a higher dose of the medication due to enzyme induction. A student nurse asks the nurse to explain the change in the drug dosage. The nurse explains that with chronic administration, some drugs stimulate liver cells to produce:
larger amounts of drug-metabolizing enzymes.
Which body organ is the most important site of biotransformation?
liver
A nurse is instructing a client concerning a newly prescribed drug. What should be included to help improve client compliance and safety?
measures to alleviate any discomfort associated with adverse effects
A nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed drug to a client who has liver disease. The nurse expects a reduction in dosage based on the understanding that what might be altered?
metabolism
A nurse who had been caring for a client with a cardiac disorder has to now provide care on an outpatient basis. What information should the nurse provide to this client who is willing and now able to manage the treatment regimen?
method of drug administration
The client is experiencing an adverse effect of a medication. What should the priority nurse action be?
monitor and intervene.
The nurse is administering a drug that is known to be absorbed by passive diffusion. The nurse should plan care in the knowledge that this drug will:
move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration.
A client exhibiting Parkinson-like syndrome would be expected to have which manifestation upon assessment?
muscular tremors
The nurse administers typical antipsychotic medications to the client who has taken these same drugs for many years. What signs and symptoms should the nurse attribute to secondary actions of the drug? Select all that apply.
muscular tremors changes in gait drooling
Identification of problems that can be solved or prevented by the nurse without involvement of the health care provider is known as which process?
nursing diagnosis
What is the nursing diagnosis the framework for?
nursing interventions
What is the most frequently used drug administration route in clinical practice?
oral
The nurse knows that the pharmaceutic phase of drug activity must take place for which formulation of medication?
oral tablets
The nurse is administering an antibiotic to a client with a diagnosis of cellulitis of the left leg. Which client condition would have the greatest effect on the drug's distribution?
peripheral vascular disease
A nurse is reviewing the laboratory values of a client admitted for gastrointestinal bleed. Which cells control bleeding?
platelets
The nurse is assessing a client whose debilitating headache did not respond to the recommended dose of an OTC analgesic. In response, the client took another dose 30 minutes later and then a double dose one hour after that. The nurse's assessment should focus on the possibility of
poisoning.
A nurse is caring for an 81-year-old client in a long-term care facility who takes nine different medications each day. The client has a recent diagnosis of seizure disorder and has begun treatment with phenytoin (Dilantin), a highly protein-bound drug. After 1 month of Dilantin therapy, the client is still extremely drowsy and sluggish. The nurse determines that the prolonged adverse effect is likely due to:
polypharmacy decreasing the number of available protein-binding sites.
The nurse is caring for a client with hypertension who was prescribed a loop diuretic one week ago. The client reports malaise and weakness and the nurse's assessment reveals an irregular heart rate. The nurse should prioritize assessment of the client's:
potassium levels.
A client will soon be discharged home from the hospital after a successful coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). During client education about drug regimen, the nurse should prioritize teaching about:
potential adverse effects of the drugs that the client will be taking.
A client has been diagnosed with cardiovascular disorder. The client is age 68; suffers from intermittent joint pain and is under drug therapy; eats meat, salads, and fruits; prefers alternative herb medications along with drug therapy; sometimes smokes; he lives alone and is looked after by a caregiver. Which item of information has the greatest implication for planning his drug therapy?
prefers alternative herb medications
The pharmacology instructor explains to the students that adverse effects can be extensions of:
primary action of a drug.
The nurse has begun the intravenous infusion of the first dose of a client's prescribed antibiotic. A few minutes later, the client is diaphoretic, gasping for breath and has a heart rate of 145 beats per minute. After calling for help, what is the nurse's priority action?
protecting and maintaining the patency of the client's airway
A nurse designing a drug regimen for a client should consider:
quality-of-life issues.
Organ and tissue damage is one adverse reaction caused by drugs. Which are examples of such organ and tissue damage? Select all that apply.
rash and hives inflammation of the mucous membranes bone marrow suppression poisoning
A high school student was diagnosed with asthma when he was in elementary school and has become accustomed to carrying and using his "puffers". In recent months, he has become more involved in sports and has developed a habit of administering albuterol up to 10 times daily. The nurse should teach the student that overuse of albuterol can lead to
rebound bronchoconstriction.
A client reports experiencing severe nasal congestion since starting to use an over-the-counter (OTC) nasal decongestant spray a week ago. This symptomology most supports what possible medical condition?
rebound congestion
The nurse knows that when caring for the older adult, there are several normal aging processes that put the client at risk for toxicity. What factor puts such clients at increased risk for drug toxicity?
reduced efficiency of renal function
When instructing a client who is taking an antibiotic about the possibility of nausea and diarrhea, the nurse understands that these effects are examples of:
secondary actions.
Which conditions in a client's history should the nurse report to the health care provider who prescribed epoetin alfa? Select all that apply.
seizures hypertension congestive heart failure
Penicillin causes bacterial cell death without disrupting normal human cell functioning. This is an example of:
selective toxicity.
Which skin condition would be most likely to cause increased systemic absorption of a topical medication?
severe sunburn
Many drugs that reach the developing fetus or embryo can cause death or congenital defects. What are examples of congenital defects? Select all that apply.
skeletal abnormalities central nervous system alterations heart defects limb abnormalities
Absorption of a drug administered orally will take place primarily in what anatomical location?
small intestine
The nurse is providing care for a client whose most recent laboratory results indicate a potassium level of 6.1 mEq/L (6.1 mmol/L). After completing assessment and informing the provider, the nurse should administer:
sodium polystyrene sulfonate as prescribed.
Prior to the nurse administering a medication, what is essential for the nurse to complete?
the "rights" of medication administration
A nurse has been caring for a client in a health care facility. The nurse should consider the evaluation of a client to be positive if:
the expected outcomes are accomplished.
The nurse is preparing to administer medications to the clients on the unit. Which action should the nurse prioritize in this process?
there is efficient and effective care provided
A nurse is caring for a 92-year-old who is taking multiple drugs and displaying increased cognitive impairment and memory loss. The initial action of the nurse would be to:
try to distinguish between normal signs of aging and the adverse drug effects.
A transplant nurse is aware of the need to closely monitor a client's serum levels of cyclosporine. In order to do this, the nurse should ensure that blood is drawn at what time?
two hours after a dose
A nurse is assessing a client for possible factors that may affect the pharmacokinetics of a drug. A history of what disease would lead the nurse to suspect that the client may experience an alteration in the distribution of a drug?
vascular disease
A 67-year-old man is admitted to the hospital with pneumonia. He reports to the nurse that he has chronic arthritis and circulation problems. The client has a history of mild hypertension. He explains that he owns a business and lives alone. The nurse determines that he is within the normal weight range for his height and age but has a fondness for spicy foods and sweets. Which of the mentioned patient variables will have the greatest impact on the effectiveness of the client's drug therapy?
vascular impairment