Pharmacology Final Exam

A patient tells the nurse that the oral drug that has been prescribed has caused a lot of stomach discomfort in the past. What will the nurse ask the prescriber?

Whether an enteric-coated form of the drug is available

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new diagnosis of Parkinson's disease. On which of the following medication should the nurse prepare to instruct the client?

Levodopa/carbidopa

A nurse is caring for a client who has bipolar disorder and has been taking lithium for one year. Before administering the medication, the nurse should check to see that which of the following test has been completed?

Liver function test

A nurse is caring for a client who has A. FIb. and receives digoxin daily. Before administering this medication which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Measure the clients apical pulse

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for captopril. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Monitor for a cough

A client is teaching a client who has a new prescription for hydrochlorothiazide for management of hypertension. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Monitor for leg cramps

A nurse is teaching a group of women about medications. The women want to know why so many drugs have unpredictable effects in women. The nurse will tell them that:

Most known drug effects are based on drug trials in men

A nurse is planning to administer butophanol (Stadol) to a client who is in labor. Which of the following medication should the nurse plan to have available to reverse the action of the butophanol (standol)?

Naloxone (Narcan)

Sight

Occipital Lobe

Which groups of people are especially sensitive to medication effects?

Older adults and infants

Motor and sensory function

Parietal Lobe

A postoperative patient is being discharged home with acetaminophen/hydrocodone for pain. The patient asks the nurse about using Tylenol for fever. Which statement by the nurse is correct.

Taking the two medications together poses a risk of drug toxicity

A nurse is assessing a client who has schizophrenia and has been on long term treatment with cholorpomazine. He notes the client is experiencing some involuntary movements of the tongue and face. The nurse should suspect the client has developed which of the following adverse effects?

Tardive dyskinesia

Speech and comprehension

Temporal Lobe

A child fell of a swing and scraped his right knee. The injured area becomes painful. What else will the nurse observe upon assessment?

Edema at the injury site

Which of the following hormones enhances myocardial contractility?

Epinephrine

Stress induces sympathetic stimulation of the adrenal medulla. This causes the secretion of catecholamines, which include:

Epinephrine and nor-epinephrine

Process that leads to muscle contraction

Excitation- Contraction Coupling

What is desired outcome when a drug is described as easy to administer?

It enhances patient adherence to the drug regimen

A nurse is preparing to administer phenytoin (Dilantin) IV to a client who has a seizure disorder. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

Administer a saline solution before and after injection

The nurse should be particularly cautious when administering a cholinesterase inhibitor drug to a patient with a history, or current diagnosis, of which of the following:

Asthma COPD Bradycardia

When a nurse cares for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the nurse remembers this disease is an example of:

Autoimmunity

A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who has pulmonary edema and is about to start taking furosemide. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Eat foods that contain plenty of potassium

The prescriber has ordered an antibiotic for a patient with a bacterial infection. The nurse provides patint education at discharge and instructs the patient to take the drug on an empty stomach. When should the patient take the drug?

1 hour or more before a meal or at least 2 hours after a meal

Which of the following individuals would be at greatest risk for an opportunistic infection?

24 year old male who is immunocompromised

While checking the lab results the nurse remembers that the normal leukocyte count is:

5,000-10,000

A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client who tool 3 nitroglycerin tablets sublingually for chest pain. The client reports relief from the chest pain but now he is experiencing a headache. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

A headache is an expected adverse effect of the medication

A nurse is caring for a client who has thrombophlebitis and is recieving heparin by continuous IV infusion. The client asks the nurse how long it will take for the heparin to dissolve the clot. Which of the following responses should the nurse give?

A pharmacist id the person to answer that question

A nurse at an opthamology clinic is providing teaching to a client who has open angle glaucoma and a new treatment regimen of timolol and pilocarpine eye drops. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?

Administer the medications 5 minutes apart

A patient is given a drug for the first time and develops SOB. The patients heart rate is 76 beats/min, the respiratory rate is 20 breaths per minute, and the blood pressure is 120/70 mmHG. The nurse checks a drug administration manual to make sure the correct dose was given and learns that some patients taking the drug experience SOB. The nurse will contact the provider to report ehat?

A side effect

A nurse is caring for a client who is postop following a transurethral resection of the prostate. The nurse should plan to administer the clients PRN medication bethanechol (Urecholine) when the client reports which of the following manifestations?

An inability to void

A ten year old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He begins itching and develops pain, swelling, redness and respiratory difficulties. He is suffering from:

Anaohylaxis

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for transdermal nitroglycerin to treat angina pectoris. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Apply the transdermal patch in the morning

A 40 year old males history includes being a vegetarian and abusing alcohol. Which of the following factors put him at greatest risk for developing folate deficiency anemia?

Being alcoholic

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving mydriatic eye drops. Which of the following manifestations indicates to the nurse that the client has developed a systemic anticholinergic effect?

Bradycardia

Involuntary motor control

Brain stem

Coordination and balance

Cerebellum

Which of the following is of greatest priority to address phenytoins (Dilantin) narrow therapeutic index?

Check plasma levels of the drug as prescribed

A nurse is caring for a client who has congestive heart failure and is taking digoxin daily. The client refused breakfast and is complaining of nausea and weakness. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?

Check the clients vital signs

It is important for the nurse to assess excessive hunger, thirst, and urination if a patient is prescribed which drugs?

Clozapine Olanzapine

Therapeutic doses of cholinesterase inhibitors have which effects?

Constrict pupils Strength skeletal muscle contractions

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors are a class of antidepressant drugs. What is their mechanism of action?

Decrease the pumping of serotonin back into the axon from which it was released

A nurse is caring for a client who is taking lisinopril. Which of the following outcomes indicates a therapeutic effect of the medication?

Decreased blood pressure

What is the benefit of use of the drugs risperidone and olanzapine fot Alzhemiers Disease patients?

Decreased neuropsychiatric symptoms

Positive charges move inward, making the inside of the membrane more positively charged than the outside of membranes

Depolarization

The nurse is adminstering high dose IV methylprednisolone (Solumedrol) to a patient who is experiencing an acute relapse of multiple sclerosis. Which chronic condtion, if also present, could be adversely affected by this treatment?

Diabetes Mellitus

It is important for the nurse to teach patients who are prescribed any neuroleptic drug to avoid taking which OTC product?

Diphenhydramine

A nurse is teaching a client following a cystoscopy about the new prescription for tamsulosin. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse include in the teaching?

Dizziness

A patient with CAD is receiving terazosin for HTN. Which of the following should the nurse teach the patient to report immediately?

Dizziness when standing

A nurse is teaching a client who has MS about a new prescription for baclofen. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Do not take antihistamines with this medication

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has hypertension and a new prescription for captopril. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?

Do not use salt substitutes while taking this medication

Decision making, impulse control

Frontal Lobe

A nurse on a medical unit is planning care for an older adult client who takes several medications. Which of the following prescribed medications places the client at risk for orthostatic hypotension?

Furosemide Telmisartan Duloxetine

A nurse is reviewing a medication administration record before administering medications. Which order will the nurse implement?

Furosemide (Lasix) 20 mg PO daily

A patient has a new prescription for bromocriptine. The nurse should teach the patient to report immediately which of the following?

Heart murmur

A patient has been receiving intravenous penicillin for pneumonia for several days and begins to complain of generalized itching. The nurse auscultates bilateral wheezing and notes a temperature of 101F. Which is the correct action by the nurse?

Hold the next dose and notify the prescriber of the symptoms

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a new prescription for lisinopril. Which of the following statements by the nurse indicates an understanding of the teaching?

I should report a cough to my provider

A nurse is performing discharge teaching for a client who has seizures and a new prescription for phenytoin (Dilantin). Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?

Ill be glad when I can stop taking this medication

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new prescription for verapamil for angina. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Increase your daily intake of dietary fiber

A student arrives at school to find that he has an exam for which he is unprepared. Which physiological responses would be expected?

Increased glucagon release

A 60 year old patient diagnosed with emphysema experiences a rapid and pounding heart, dizziness, and fatigue with exertion. Which respiratory assessment findings indicate the respiratory system is compensating for the increased oxygen demand?

Increased rate and depth of breathing

A nurse is preparing to administer heparin to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

Inject the medication into the abdomen above the level of the iliac crest

A nurse administers the same medication in the same preparation in the same dose to several patients and notes that some patients have a better response to the drug than others. What is the most likely explanation for this phenomenon?

Pharmacogenomic differences among individuals

Uneven distribution of electrical charges across the inner and outer cell membrane

Polarization

A nurse is caring for a client who has a new prescription for propranolol. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following adverse reactions to this medication?

Postural hypotension

The nurse is teaching a patient about taking warfarin and asks if the patient takes aspirin. This assessment by the nurse reflects a knowledge of which type of drug interaction?

Potentiative effects

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving heparin by continuous IV infusion. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan administer in the event of an overdose?

Protamine

A nurse is caring for a client who has thrombophelbitis and is receiving a continuous heparin infusion. Which of the following medications should the nurse have available to reverse heparins effects?

Protamine sulfate

A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed warfarin therapy for an artificial heart valve. Which of the following lab values should the nurse monitor for a therapeutic effect of warfarin?

Prothrombin time

Pumping positively charged ions from inside to outside the cell membrane

Repolarization

Pregabalin can cause angioedema. What should the nurse teach to the patient to do if he notes symptoms of angioedema?

Seek emergency medical care

A nurse is providing instruction to a new nurse about caring for clients who are receiving diuretic therapy to treat heart failure. The nurse should explain that which of the following medications puts clients at risk for both hyperkalemia and hyponatremia?

Spironolactone

A patient asks a nurse why drugs that have been approved by the FDA still have unknown side effects. What will the nurse tell the patient?

Subjects in drug trails do not always represent the full spectrum of possible patients

A patient is using a metered-dose inhaler containing albuterol for asthma. The medication label instructs the patient to administer "2 puffs every 4 hours as needed for coughing or wheezing." The patient reports feeling jittery sometimes when taking the medication, and she doesn't feel that the medication is always effective. Which action is outside the nurse's scope of practice?

Suggesting the patient use one puff to reduce side effects

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has stable angina and a new prescription for nitroglycerin oral, sustained-release capsules. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Swallow the capsules whole

A nurse is reviewing the health history for a client who has angina pectoris and a prescription for propranolol hydrochloride PO 40mg twice daily. Which of the following findings in the history should the nurse report the provider?

The client has a history of bronchial asthma

A home health nurse is assessing an older adult who reports falling a couple of times over the past week. Which of the following findings should the nurse suspect is contributing to the clients falls?

The client takes alprazolam

A nurse is assessing a client who has been taking sertraline (Zoloft) for two weeks. The nurse should identify which of the followinf findings as an indication that the medication is effective?

The clients reports an improvement in mood

A nurse at an opthalmology clinic is providing teaching to a client who has open angle glaucoma and a new prescription for timolol eye drops. Which of the following instructions should the nurse provide?

The medication should be applied on a regular schedule for the rest of the clients life

A nurse is preparign to administer enoxaparin to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take?

The nurse should not expel the air bubble in the prefilled syringe

A patient is receiving intravenous gentamicin. A serum drug test reveals toxic levels. The dosing is correct, and this medication has been tolerated by this patient in the past. Which could be a probable cause of the test result?

The patient is taking another medication that binds to serum albumin

A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has schizophrenia and a new prescription for fluphenazine. Which of the following information should the nurse provide?

This medication might turn you urine orange

A 20 year old female is applying for nursing school and is required to be tested for immunity against several illnesses. Testing that looks at which of the following would be the best to determine immunity?

Titer

When a patient asks the nurse about the purpose of the inflammatory process, how should the nurse respond?

To prevent infection of the injured tissue

Which estrapyramidal adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs would the nurse expect to occur only after an extended period of drug therapy?

Uncontrollable need to be in motion

A nurse is providing discharge teaching for a client who has a new prescription for warfarin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Use an electric razor while on the medication

A nurse is teaching a client who has bipolar disorder and a prescription for lithium to recognize the manifestation of toxicity. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Vomiting is an indication of toxicity

A nurse is caring for a client who has deep vein thrombosis and has been on heparin continuous infusion for 5 days. The provider prescribes warfarin PO without D/C the heparin. The client asks the nurse why both anticoagulants are necessary. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

Warfarin takes several days to work, so the IV heparin will be used until the warfarin reaches a therapeutic level

A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has hypertension and a prescription change from metoprolol to metoprolol/hydrochlorothiazide. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

With the new medication, I should experience fewer side effects

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for clopidogrel. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

You might have to stop taking this medication 5 days before any planned surgeries

A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for simvastatin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

You should avoid grapefruit juice

When a patient asks the nurse what hypersensitivity is, how should the nurse respond?

an excessive or inappropriate response of the immune system to a sensitizing antigen

Aspirin relieves pain by which function?

decreasing prostaglandin production

A patient reports becoming immune to a medication becasue it no longer works to alleviate symptoms. The nurse recognizes that this decreased effectiveness is likely caused by:

desensitization of the receptor sites by continual exposure to the drug

Muscle twitching

fasciculations

A nurse is preparing to administer verapmil by IV bolus to a client who is having cardiac dysrhythmias. For which of the following adverse effects should the nurse monitor when giving the medication?

hypotension

A nurse is assessing a client who is receiving a continuous IV infusion of dopamine. Which of the following findings should the nurse recognize as a therapeutic effect?

increased urine output

What occurs when a drug binds to a receptor in the body?

it increased OR decreased the activity of that receptor

Monocytes are blood cells that mature into:

macrophages

After teaching about coping, which information indicates a correct understanding? Coping is best defined as the process of:

managing stressful challenges