Pharmacology Midterm Prep
A patient is prescribed a medication that comes in the form of a sublingual tablet. Which instruction would the nurse provide to the patient regarding drug administration?
"Keep it under the tongue until it is dissolved."
How would the nurse respond when a patient asks how to use a fentanyl patch at home?
"Keep new and used patches away from children."
A family member states, "My father complains of an upset stomach after taking rivastigmine." Which response by the nurse is appropriate?
"Make sure he takes the medication with food."
As a nurse escorts a discharged patient from an alcohol treatment center, which comment would be therapeutic?
"Members of Alcoholics Anonymous will welcome you to meetings."
The nurse is caring for a patient who asks, "Is it safe for me to take spironolactone while I am pregnant?" Which nursing response is appropriate?
"No. This medication is not recommended in pregnancy. Are you currently pregnant?"
A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a patient prescribed cyclobenzaprine. Which statement would be appropriate to include in the teaching?
"Notify your health care provider if you think you might be pregnant."
Which statement by the nursing student indicates a need for further teaching about over-the-counter (OTC) medications?
"OTC cold products are safe in children older than 1 year of age."
Which statement made by a parent indicates the need for further teaching?
"Over-the-counter (OTC) medications are always safe for children."
A patient who is taking metoprolol questions the nurse regarding the need for liver function tests. Which nursing response is appropriate?
"Patients with decreased liver function may experience toxic effects from this drug."
Which instruction would the nurse give to a patient who has been prescribed a transdermal scopolamine patch?
"Place the patch on the nonhairy area behind your ear." "Apply the patch 4 to 5 hours before the activity that causes motion sickness.
A 10-year-old child who has heart failure has been prescribed furosemide. Which instruction would the nurse give to the child's parents to prevent adverse effects of the medication?
"Protect your child from excessive sunlight exposure."
Which information does the nurse need to include in the teaching plan for a patient who is receiving transdermal clonidine?
"Remove the old patch before applying the new patch."
The nurse is caring for a patient who takes aripiprazole who states, "My friend takes haloperidol; why can't I take that?" Which nursing response is appropriate?
"Second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) have fewer side effects than first-generation antipsychotics (FGAs)."
A patient has been prescribed a skeletal muscle relaxant and asks the nurse, "Why was I told not to drive or participate in activities that require mental alertness while taking this drug?" Which response by the nurse is appropriate?
"Sedation is a common side effect of skeletal muscle relaxants."
Which instruction will the nurse give to a patient who is prescribed pyridostigmine?
"Seek medical help if you develop nausea and vomiting."
Which teaching is appropriate for a patient who is prescribed methyldopa during pregnancy?
"Sit on the side of the bed before getting up, and get up slowly."
Which information would the nurse include in the teaching plan for a patient who is receiving anticholinergic therapy?
"Stay out of the heat and humidity."
Which instruction would the nurse provide to the patient regarding administration of a long-acting propranolol tablet?
"Swallow the tablet." "Take the tablet on a full stomach." "Take the tablet with a glass of water."
The nurse is assessing a patient who has been prescribed hydrochlorothiazide. Which information would the nurse give the patient about the medication regimen?
"Take the dose only in the morning."
Which instruction would the nurse provide to a patient who has been prescribed oxybutynin?
"Take the medication 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals."
Which instruction should be included in the teaching plan for a patient who is being prescribed tolterodine?
"Take your medication daily with food."
A patient taking fluphenazine reports symptoms including lip smacking and tongue protrusion. Which teaching would the nurse provide?
"Tardive dyskinesia is possibly irreversible."
A patient with schizophrenia says, "I quit taking an antipsychotic because it makes me feel bad." Which nursing response is the priority?
"Tell me more about the symptoms you experienced."
The nurse cares for a patient on the second day after major abdominal surgery. The patient is receiving morphine via patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) and currently reports pain as a 2 on a scale of 0 to 10. The patient tearfully says to the nurse, "I'm so worried that I won't be able to go back to work. How am I going to manage my bills?" Which statement is the best response by the nurse?
"Tell me more about your fears."
Which statements are classified as objective data?
"Temperature 97.4°F." "Facial expression does not match body language." "Coughing up yellow phlegm."
Which statement would the nurse include in the teaching plan for a patient who is diagnosed with idiopathinc hypertension?
"The cause of your hypertension is unknown but treatable."
Which response is appropriate by the nurse to the patient who states he has had some problems with erectile dysfunction since starting antihypertensive drug therapy 3 months ago?
"The health care provider can work with you on changing the dose or medication."
After the nurse provided instruction for a patient receiving pyridostigmine, which patient statement indicates more education is needed?
"The medical alert in my health care record should cover me."
Which response would the nurse give to a person who reports no improvement in a family member who has been taking donepezil for a week?
"The medication has an onset of action of about 3 weeks."
Which statement would be included when teaching a patient about the use of a scopolamine patch for motion sickness?
"The medication needs to be left in place in order to continue to be effective."
A patient withdrawing from alcohol suddenly begins to slap at the sheets, saying, "Get the snakes away! They're everywhere!" Which response would the nurse make?
"The snakes seem real, but you're seeing them because you haven't been drinking."
A 30-year-old female patient who is taking a beta blocker asks the nurse, "Can I take this drug if I am considering pregnancy?" Which nursing response is appropriate?
"There is potential risk to the fetus because metoprolol crosses the placental barrier."
How would the nurse respond when asked what to expect if the patient goes through withdrawal from opioids?
"There will be strong cravings for the drug during withdrawal."
The nurse cares for a postoperative patient receiving epidural analgesia. The patient is resistant to the nurse's encouragement to turn, cough, and breathe deeply. The patient says, "I'm afraid the needle will stick in my spinal cord and paralyze me." How would the nurse respond?
"There's no needle. It's a thin plastic tube in the protective covering of your spinal cord."
A patient taking an antihypertensive drug and carbidopa-levodopa tells the nurse that he or she is applying for a job that involves operating heavy machinery. Which information would the nurse share with the patient?
"These medications together may increase your risk for hypotension, so you will need to use caution when operating heavy machinery."
Which rationale explains how angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors treat hypertension?
"They reduce afterload." "Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) is decreased."
Which information would the nurse provide to a patient who is receiving spironolactone and furosemide therapy?
"This combination promotes diuresis but decreases the risk of hypokalemia."
A child has been taking methylphenidate for 2 months. The child's parent tells the nurse, "Each time I go to get my child's medication, the pharmacist asks me to get a new prescription. Why is this so?" Which answer will the nurse explain to the parent?
"This drug has a high risk of abuse."
Which patient statement about the pharmacodynamics of diazepam indicates that medication teaching has been effective?
"This medication can be sedating so I will not plan to drive until I know how it affects me."
Which response would the nurse give to explain why codeine has been prescribed for a patient admitted to the hospital with a chronic nonproductive dry cough?
"This medication is used as a cough suppressant."
Before administering buspirone to a patient, the nurse provides teaching. Which patient statement demonstrates that teaching has been effective?
"This medication may make me dizzy; I will call for assistance when walking to the bathroom."
Which information would the nurse include in the teaching plan of a patient who has started to take donepezil?
"This medication will enhance your memory."
Which statement would the nurse include in the teaching plan about the reason for the administration of calcium channel blockers?
"This medication will vasodilate your blood vessels to lower your blood pressure."
A patient prescribed phenytoin reports using over-the-counter medications to treat acid reflux. Which response by the nurse is correct?
"Use an antacid that does not contain calcium."
Which instruction would the nurse include in patient teaching for atropine used preoperatively?
"Use ice chips to relieve dry mouth."
Which instruction is most important for the nurse to include when teaching a patient who has been prescribed sustained-released carbidopa-levodopa?
"Watch for adverse effects like dizziness and drowsiness."
Which information would the nurse teach the patient who is prescribed chlorthalidone?
"Wear protective clothing and sunscreen while taking this medication."
Which instruction would the nurse give to a patient who received atropine eye drops before an opthalmic examination?
"Wear sunglasses for several hours."
A patient asks the nurse about taking potassium supplements while taking triamterene. Which statement would the nurse respond with?
"You are on a diuretic that is potassium-sparing, so there is no need for extra potassium."
Which instruction would the nurse provide to a patient about potential effects of a newly prescribed cholinergic-blocking drug?
"You may have problems with urinary retention."
Which statement made by the nurse is appropriate for a patient who has been taking kava for 2 years for anxiety?
"You need to talk to your health care provider about liver function testing, because it can cause liver toxicity." "Kava enhances the effects of alcohol. You need to abstain from alcohol." "The Food and Drug Administration has issued a warning as to the effects of kava."
In which way would the nurse respond to the worried parents of a 7- year-old child who is highly impulsive and has not been attentive in school for the last 2 months?
"You should continue to observe the child's behavior for 4 months."
Which response is appropriate for a patient with insulin-dependent diabetes who asks how to effectively reduce weight?
"You should follow a nutrition and exercise regimen for weight management."
A patient is taking disulfiram and wants to know what will occur if alcohol is consumed while taking this drug. Which response would the nurse make?
"You will experience nausea, weakness, and blurred vision."
Which instruction would the nurse provide to the patient before administering the first dose of extended-release doxazosin?
"You will see the capsule shell in your stool, but don't worry, the drug has been absorbed."
Which information would be in the teaching plan for a patient starting donepezil?
"Your drug dose will be gradually increased." "Get up slowly from a sitting or lying position." "Tell your health care provider if you have gastric pain that does not subside."
CHAPTER 1 - The Nursing Process and Drug Therapy
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CHAPTER 2: Pharmacologic Principles
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Chapter 10: Analgesic Drugs
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Chapter 12: Central Nervous System Depressants and Muscle Relaxants
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Chapter 13: Central Nervous System Stimulants and Related Drugs
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Chapter 14: Antiepileptic Drugs
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Chapter 15: Antiparkinson Drugs
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Chapter 16: Psychotherapeutic Drugs
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Chapter 17: Substance Use Disorder
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Chapter 18: Adrenergic Drugs
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Chapter 21: Cholinergic-Blocking Drugs
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Chapter 22: Antihypertensive Drugs
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Chapter 28: Diuretic Drugs
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Chapter 5: Medication Errors
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Chapter 7: OTC, Herbal, & Dietary Supplements
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More Review
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20 mcg equals?
0.02 mg
Which dosage of clonidine is given to treat hypertension?
0.2-0.6 mg/day in divided doses
The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving 20 mg of hydrocodone orally every 4 hours. The drug is to be changed to intravenous (IV) fentanyl. Calculate the equivalent dose of IV fentanyl for a period of 24 hours.
0.4
Which dose of atropine is used for symptomatic bradycardia?
0.5 mg
A patient with cancer who has had adequate pain control with a long-acting opioid reports severe pain. The nurse understands that the patient is experiencing breakthrough pain, and the time of the next scheduled opioid dose is in 2 hours. Which action does the nurse take?
Administer a short-acting opioid and follow the regular opioid schedule for the next dose.
Which intervention would the nurse implement to prevent adverse effects in a patient who takes isocarboxazid for depression and who is now taking buspirone for a slight increase in blood pressure and agitation?
Administer buspirone 14 days after discontinuing isocarboxazid.
Which is the first nursing intervention for a patient who has experienced an overdose of rivastigmine and is having difficulty breathing?
Administer epinephrine.
A patient who consumed high doses of a benzodiazepine under the influence of alcohol is found to be lethargic and unable to speak. Which emergency action by the nurse will prevent further complications?
Administer flumazenil Provide mechanical ventilation.
Which intervention will the nurse expect to perform for a patient who takes a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) and who has consumed a lot of alcohol?
Administer multiple doses of activated charcoal.
A patient with respiratory depression secondary to opioid toxicity is being treated in the emergency department. Which action is the nurse's priority?
Administer naloxone.
Which necessary precaution will the nurse take while administering naltrexone to a patient who is addicted to hydromorphone?
Administer naltrexone a week after discontinuing hydromorphone
The nurse assesses a respiratory rate of 6 breaths/min in a patient receiving fentanyl. Which action would the nurse take?
Administer naltrexone hydrochloride.
Which method would the nurse use to administer cyclobenzaprine to facilitate the greatest amount of absorption?
Administer on an empty stomach
Which is the priority action for the nurse to take for a patient who received several doses of atropine and has blurred vision, delirium, and fever?
Administer physostigmine.
The nurse administers 10 mg bethanechol to a patient after surgery. The patient has not voided. Which intervention is needed next?
Administration of another dose in an hour
An obese 84-year-old patient is taking simvastatin 10 mg PO each evening. In addition to dyslipidemia, the patient has hypertension, diabetes, and hypothyroidism. Which factors increase this patient's risk for rhabdomyolysis?
Advanced age Hypothyroidism
Match the class of drugs used to treat Parkinson's disease with its mechanism of action.
Affect dopamine content of the brain - COMT inhibitors Stimulate dopamine receptors of nerve cells in the brain - Dopaminergics Inhibit activity of acetylcholine - Dopamine agonists Inhibit activity of monoamine oxidase (MAO) - Anticholinergics
Which disorder is treated with mood stabilizers?
Affective
A patient has been prescribed hydrochlorothiazide. After reviewing the patient's laboratory report, the nurse informs the primary health care provider that the patient has hypokalemia. Which drug would the nurse expect to be included in the patient's prescription?
Amiloride
The nurse is assessing a patient who has involuntary muscle contractions and sleep disturbance. On reviewing the patient's prescription, the nurse finds that the patient has to be administered 20 mg of diazepam on day 1 and tapered to 5 mg by day 7 of the treatment. Withdrawal of which drug would be the probable reason for giving such a prescription?
Benzodiazepines
Which statements are accurate regarding benzodiazepines?
Benzodiazepines are highly addictive. Benzodiazepines depress neuronal function at multiple sites within the central nervous system (CNS). The effect of benzodiazepines can be sedating, hypnotic, or stupor inducing.
Which cholinergic medication is prescribed to a patient who is unable to void after surgery?
Bethanechol
Which action of naloxone binding on the opioid receptor causes reversal of respiratory depression?
Binds in place of the agonist and causes no response
Which hypothesis postulates that depression results from a deficiency of neuronal and synaptic catecholamines and mania from an excess of amines at the adrenergic receptor sites in the brain?
Biogenic amine
Which theory states that depression and mania are caused by alterations in the concentration of dopamine and norepinephrine and serotonin and histamine in the brain?
Biogenic amine hypothesis
Which condition would the nurse suspect that a patient on lithium has been diagnosed with?
Bipolar disorder
In addition to schizophrenia, aripiprazole is commonly used for which indications?
Bipolar mania Major depressive disorder Irritability associated with autism spectrum disorder
Which is the priority nursing action for a patient who is having difficulty urinating after taking a cholinergic-blocking medication?
Bladder scan the patient to assess urinary volume.
Match the type of diuretic with its mechanism of action.
Block sodium and water reabsorption in the distal tubule - Thiazide diuretics Block sodium and chloride reabsorption in the loop of Henle - Loop diuretics Block sodium-potassium exchange in the collecting tubules - Potassium-sparing diuretics
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) both function by which mechanism?
Blocking the reuptake of neurotransmitters at nerve endings
An antagonist
Blocks the drug action
Which factors affect drug distribution?
Blood flow to tissues Ability of drug to enter cells Ability of drug to exit blood vessels
Which assessment data would the nurse obtain before the administration of diazepam?
Blood pressure Respiratory rate Heart rate Mental status Oxygen saturation
The nurse is assessing a patient who is hospitalized due to abrupt cessation of alcohol consumption. Which vital signs are consistent with the patient' s condition?
Blood pressure 210/150 mm Hg, pulse rate 140, temperature 104° F (40° C)
Which assessment finding in a patient receiving memantine indicates a significant side effect?
Blood pressure 70/40 mm Hg
Which assessment finding would require the nurse to hold the prescribed midazolam?
Blood pressure 90/60 mm Hg
Which assessment finding indicates a therapeutic effect of clonidine?
Blood pressure decrease from 150/100 mm Hg to 110/70 mm Hg
Which assessment finding would the nurse use as a clinical indicator of therapeutic effectiveness of candesartan?
Blood pressure of 120/72 mm Hg
Which assessment finding requires immediate action for a patient who is prescribed amlodipine?
Blood pressure of 80/60 mm Hg
Alpha 1 adrenergic receptor are found where?
Blood vessels
Which side effect will the nurse assess for after the administration of atropine?
Blurred vision
The nurse is assessing a patient with severe alcohol withdrawal. Which severe symptom of withdrawal would the nurse monitor in the patient?
Body temperature 103° F Pulse rate 145 beats/min Systolic blood pressure 220 mm Hg
Which assessment would the nurse perform for a patient who has been taking over-the-counter antacids for more than 1 month?
Bowel sounds
Which parameter would the nurse evaluate to determine the therapeutic effectiveness of lisinopril in a hypertensive patient with heart failure?
Breath sounds
Which instruction would the nurse provide the patient to decrease the effects of dry mouth from an anticholinergic medication?
Brush teeth twice a day Use artificial saliva drops. Maintain regular dental visits. Chew on sugarless candy or gum.
A patient with heart failure has pulmonary edema. After reviewing the patient's medical history, the nurse informs the primary health care provider that the patient has taken sulfa drugs in the past for pneumonia. Which drug may the nurse expect to be initially prescribed for the patient?
Bumetanide Chlorthalidone
Which anxiolytic drug promotes agonistic activity at both the serotonin and dopamine receptors?
Buspirone
Which anxiolytic medication might be a better option for a patient with anxiety disorder who is taking lorazepam but finds the side effect of drowsiness to be interfering with life?
Buspirone
Which drug may cause serotonin syndrome if given together with an antidepressant medication?
Buspirone
Which medication would the nurse expect to administer for a patient with a history of abusing opioid analgesics and needs an antianxiety agent?
Buspirone
Which information would the nurse provide when a patient asks if buspirone can be taken for long-term management of anxiety?
Buspirone can be used for treatment of anxiety that lasts up to a year.
Which statement about buspirone is true?
Buspirone is used for treatment of anxiety.
Through which action does phenytoin exert its effects?
By suppressing sodium influx and prolonging the channel inactivation to prevent neuron firing
Which action would the nurse take for a patient who has been admitted to the hospital and placed on a strict nothing by mouth (NPO) status but who takes a daily dose of lisinopril at home?
Collaborate with the health care provider to determine whether intravenous enalapril can be prescribed.
Which priority action would the nurse take for a patient who develops pulmonary edema while taking a positive inotrope and an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor for heart failure and does not want to take additional medications?
Collaborate with the health care provider to find a combination ACE inhibitor and diuretic.
A patient has abnormal levels of antidiuretic hormone. The nurse knows that this hormone is primarily active in which part of the nephron?
Collecting duct
Match the "right" to its example.
Collection of appropriate data after drug administration - Right assessment Provision of drug information - Right education Appraisal of a drug's therapeutic, side, and adverse effects - Right evaluation Patient has remained free of injury; patient is alert and oriented - Right documentation
A patient prescribed amoxicillin and probenecid wants to know the reason for the prescription of two drugs. Which explanation by the nurse is accurate?
Combination therapy is beneficial to the patient. Probenecid prevents the renal excretion of amoxicillin. Probenecid increases the duration of action of amoxicillin.
Which term describes the use of medications prescribed by the health care provider as well as herbs from the local health food store?
Complementary medicine
Which phrase describes the end goal of treatment for an individual with a long history of alcoholism?
Complete abstinence from alcohol use
Which laboratory test should be monitored frequently to assess for a potential life-threatening adverse reaction to clozapine?
Complete blood count
Which baseline laboratory tests would be obtained for a female patient who has been prescribed carbidopa-levodopa?
Complete blood count (CBC) Liver function tests (LFTs) Prolactin level Pregnancy test
A scheduled one drug is
Considered to have no therapeutic value
A patient is prescribed levorphanol to treat chronic pain. The nurse instructs the patient to increase fluid to reduce the risk of which adverse effect of levorphanol?
Constipation
A patient is prescribed sufentanil for the treatment of acute pain. The nurse instructs the patient to increase fluid intake up to 3000 mL per day to prevent which side effect of sufentanil?
Constipation
An older adult who is receiving anticholinergic therapy should be assessed for which potential side effect?
Constipation Restlessness Blurred vision
A patient's medication administration record has the following entry: morphine sulfate 1 mg IV push q2h PRN severe pain. Upon assessment, the patient continues to complain of pain that is 8 on a scale of 0 to 10. The patient received 1 mg of morphine an hour ago. Which action would the nurse take?
Consult the primary health care provider and obtain another drug prescription.
Which action would the nurse take for a patient who takes an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor and developed a dry, uncomfortable, nonproductive cough that has persisted for several weeks?
Consult with the health care provider to switch the medication.
Which information is appropriate to teach an older adult who is being treated for several chronic conditions and wants to use an over-the-counter medication for cold symptoms?
Consult your health care provider before taking any over-the-counter medication.
Which term is used when some medications may not be safe for a patient because she is breastfeeding?
Contraindication
Match the possible consequence of drug metabolism to its example.
Conversion of procaine into para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) - Drug inactivation Conversion of codeine into morphine - Increased therapeutic action Conversion of acetaminophen into metabolite - Increased toxicity Conversion of lipid-soluble drugs into water-soluble drugs - Increased renal excretion
Which adverse effect of carbidopa-levodopa would the nurse teach the patient and family to report to the health care provider?
Dyskinesia
A patient taking rivastigmine for memory enhancement presents with excessive salivation and abdominal cramping. Which additional assessment finding supports the diagnosis of a cholinergic crisis?
Dyspnea Bronchoconstriction Orthostatic hypotension
Which extrapyramidal side effect does the nurse monitor for in a patient who is taking an antipsychotic medication?
Dystonia
Which activity would the patient be cautioned to avoid while taking a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor?
Eating aged cheese
Which herb or dietary supplement would the nurse teach a patient who had a lung transplant to avoid?
Echinacea
For which disorder would the nurse expect acetazolamide to be prescribed?
Edema Acute glaucoma High-altitude sickness
Which drug will be used to help confirm the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis in a patient with ptosis, diplopia, and difficulty swallowing?
Edrophonium
The health care provider has prescribed erythromycin to a patient with chronic alcoholism resulting in cirrhosis of the liver. Which phenomenon would the nurse be aware of when administering additional drugs?
Development of drug toxicity
Which of the following would be a reason that the health care provider has replaced dexmethylphenidate with atomoxetine?
Dexmethylphenidate has more addictive properties
Which drug is used to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Dextroamphetamine
Which patient history indicates a high risk for a medication-related addiction?
Dextroamphetamine for narcolepsy
Cholinesterase inhibitors such as pyridostigmine are used for which purpose?
Diagnose and treat myasthenia gravis An antidote in biochemical warfare An antidote to tricyclic antidepressant toxicity
Which adverse effect does the nurse anticipate in a patient who uses analeptics at high doses?
Diarrhea
Which assessment finding indicates potential interactions of bethanechol and pyridostigmine?
Diarrhea Syncope
A patient has increased psychomotor activity, agitation, and tremors of the eyelids, tongue, and hands. Which medication does the nurse expect to be beneficial to the patient?
Diazepam
To safely administer drugs, nurses must understand that only certain drugs can cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB), including those that are highly lipid soluble and of low molecular weight. Which drug can cross the BBB?
Diazepam
Which antihypertensive medication is most likely to cause tachycardia?
Diazoxide Hydralazine
Which medication is used for the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome?
Dicyclomine
Which components need to be addressed to facilitate patient adherence to pharmacologic therapy?
Diet Side effects Self-administration Cultural considerations
Which agent requires no proof of efficacy according to the Dietary Supplement and Health Education Act (DSHEA) of 1994?
Dietary supplements
The nurse is reviewing the medications for a patient who has just been prescribed a thiazide diuretic. Which medication history requires nursing intervention?
Digoxin
Which medication increases the risk for potential additive effects for a patient who is taking anticholinergic medications?
Digoxin Amantadine Antihistamines Tricyclic antidepressants
Which orders are written inappropriately according to the Joint Commission's official "Do Not Use" list?
Digoxin .25 mg PO daily
A sympathetic response causes
Dilated bronchial
Through which mechanisms can antiseizure drugs decrease seizure activities?
Diminishing calcium influx Suppressing sodium influx Increasing the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
Which instruction would be given by the nurse for the patient who takes lorazepam for anxiety who plans to become pregnant?
Discuss tapering the drug with the health care provider before conception
Which symptom is a potential side effect of administering high doses of a cholinergic-blocking medication?
Disorientation Decreased gastric secretions Constriction of internal sphincter
Pharmacokinetics involves the study of which factor?
Distribution rates among various body compartments
A patient at an alcohol rehabilitation center has a flushed face and is vomiting. Which antialcohol therapy has the patient undergone?
Disulfiram
Which complication will occur if a patient consumes alcohol during metronidazole therapy?
Disulfiram reaction
Which common side effects are associated with centrally-acting muscle relaxants?
Dizziness Drowsiness
Which finding indicates that the patient is experiencing adverse effects of hydralazine?
Dizziness Headache Vomiting and diarrhea
A diabetic patient who is taking an oral hypoglycemic has been prescribed metolazone. Which symptom would the nurse assess for while caring for the patient?
Dizziness Hyperglycemia
The nurse would monitor for which adverse effect in a patient who is receiving ergot alkaloid drugs for migraine headaches?
Dizziness Numbness Nasal irritation
Which information is essential for the nurse to teach a patient to prevent drowsiness and sedation when taking scopolamine?
Do not drink alcohol while on this medication.
A nurse listens to the patient's lungs before administering albuterol for asthma control. The nurse notes wheezing on expiration. After drug administration, the nurse checks the electronic health record (EHR) to see what the patient's lungs sounded like last shift before the administration of the drug. Nothing is noted. Which process of drug delivery does this involve?
Documenting
Which is the main receptor in the central nervous system (CNS) that is blocked by conventional antipsychotic drugs?
Dopamine
Which analeptic is contraindicated in newborns causing gasping syndrome?
Doxapram
Which drug would the nurse plan to administer at bedtime for the first dose?
Doxazosin
Which alpha1-blocker drug is most commonly prescribed?
Doxazosin (Cardura)
Which action in preparation of administering mannitol places the patient at risk for an embolism from a precipitant of the medication?
Drawing medication from a vial that was refrigerated
After administration of atropine, which information would the nurse provide to the patient?
Drink adequate amounts of fluids. Chew gum or suck on hard candy. Maintain good oral hygiene.
Match the stage of drug delivery to its safety strategy.
Drug reconciliation at times of transitions in care - Prescribing Computerized order entry - Transcribing Use of "tall man" lettering - Dispensing Smart infusion pumps - Administration
Which symptom is a side effect of scopolamine?
Dry mouth Drowsiness Blurred vision
Which action by the patient indicates a positive use of complementary or alternative therapy?
Eliminates the use of painkillers and uses hot packs for the relief of acute pain
Which oral preparation should be administered to ensure fast absorption of an antacid used to treat severe gastric burning for prompt symptomatic relief?
Elixir
A swab of a wound infection is sent for culture and, pending culture results, the health care provider starts an intravenous antibiotic. Which type of therapy has been prescribed for this patient?
Empiric
Which type of therapy is utilized when a patient with lower respiratory tract symptoms is prescribed both antibiotics and laboratory testing concurrently?
Empiric
Which nursing intervention is appropriate for a patient who is taking hydrochlorothiazide?
Encourage intake of foods rich in potassium.
Which action will the nurse teach a patient as the best guide when considering the use of over-the-counter supplements to improve sleep?
Encourage researching supplements before use
Match the concept to its definition.
Encourages health care personnel who make errors to report them - Just Culture Encourages everyone in the organization to keep patients free from harm - Culture of safety Unanticipated event that results in death or serious harm - Sentinel event Identifies opportunities for learning - Root cause analysis
The use of analeptics would be contraindicated for individuals with which condition?
End-stage heart failure Peptic ulcer disease
Which category is classified as complementary and alternative medicine according to the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine?
Energy therapies Mind-body intervention Biologically based therapies
The nurse is caring for a patient with a history of alcoholism who is undergoing long-term alcohol treatment. Which intervention would the nurse take?
Ensuring the patient knows to avoid alcohol when taking disulfiram
Which form of a drug requires slow absorption in the body in a high pH (alkaline) environment?
Enteric-coated tablet
Which herbal medication was banned by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in April 2004 because of its cardiovascular side effects?
Ephedra
Which drug mimics the effects of sympathetic nervous system (SNS) neurotransmitters?
Epinephrine
The nurse observes redness and irritation at the intravenous (IV) infusion site of a patient who received IV epinephrine. Why would the nurse be concerned about this finding?
Epinephrine can cause tissue necrosis.
Which medication would the nurse anticipate being prescribed to treat hypertension and improve a patient' s survival after experiencing a myocardial infarctiont?
Eplerenone
The excessive use of which substance may lead to Wernicke's encephalopathy?
Ethanol
Which symptom is likely to be produced by use of cannabis?
Euphoria Hallucinations Memory lapses Increased appetite
Which action would the nurse perform before starting an infusion of sodium nitroprusside?
Evaluate the electrocardiogram. Perform a neurologic assessment. Assess oxygenation and ventilation. Obtain an intravenous infusion pump.
Which precaution would be required for a patient who has been prescribed tolterodine and is also taking antibiotics?
Evaluating liver function
Which step of the nursing process does the nurse determine the outcomes of medication administration?
Evaluation
The nurse teaches a patient prescribed the fentanyl transdermal delivery system to change the patch at which interval?
Every 72 hours
Which information is essential to include in the teaching care plan for a patient who has been prescribed donepezil?
Get up slowly Eat something if you feel nauseated You may have some trouble sleeping Tell your health care provider if you have stomach pains.
Which herbal supplement would the nurse instruct a patient who is taking an antiplatelet medication to avoid?
Ginkgo
Which dietary supplement increases the risk for bleeding due to the interaction with anticoagulants?
Ginkgo Chamomile
The nurse recognizes that teaching is needed when the patient with hypertension states taking which over-the-counter medication and/or supplement?
Ginseng
Following the assessment of a patient who is receiving furosemide, the nurse informs the primary health care provider that the patient has a serum creatinine of 2.5 mg/dL. The primary health care provider prescribes metolazone for the patient. Which intervention would the nurse follow before administering the new drug?
Give the drug 30 minutes before the furosemide.
When obtaining a health history, the nurse looks for which diagnosis for a patient who is receiving pilocarpine eye drops twice a day?
Glaucoma
Which patient condition is a contraindication for administration of anorexiants?
Glaucoma
A patient who has which condition is contraindicated for anorexiant therapy?
Glaucoma Drug allergies Bulimia nervosa
The nurse is caring for a patient with irritable bowel syndrome who has been prescribed dicyclomine. Which finding in the patient's history is a concern in relation to this therapy?
Glaucoma Paralytic ileus Myasthenia gravis
Which condition would be a contraindication for the administration of glycopyrrolate?
Glaucoma Ulcerative colitis Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Certain drugs must undergo which process before enterohepatic recirculation can occur?
Glucuronidation
Which term is used for over-the-counter products that are considered to be ineffective but not unsafe?
Grandfathered products
Which food item would the nurse recommend the parents avoid serving their child who has been prescribed carbamazepine for a generalized seizure disorder?
Grapefruit
The nurse is caring for an inpatient who is prescribed buspirone. Which item would the nurse remove from the patient's dietary tray?
Grapefruit juice
Which assessment finding in a patient who has received an anticholinergic drug requires immediate intervention?
Hallucinations
Which assessment finding may indicate an adverse reaction to high-dose anticholinergic medications?
Hallucinations Increased heart rate Increase in body temperature
The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving morphine sulfate for pain management. Which assessment finding is cause for immediate nursing action?
Hallucinations Slow pupil reaction Altered consciousness
Which drug would the nurse discuss with the health care provider as an option for a patient with psychosis who needs drug therapy with a long duration of action?
Haloperidol decanoate
Which side effect would the nurse include when teaching a patient who is beginning a loop diuretic?
Headache
Which side effects of muscle relaxants would the nurse educate a patient about?
Headache Nausea Muscle weakness
Which assessment would the nurse obtain to evaluate a patient for adverse effects of a cholinergic blocking medication?
Heart rate Bowel sounds Pupil response Neurologic status
Which assessment is essential before administering a cholinergic-blocking drug?
Heart rate Medical history Respiratory status Gastrointestinal system
Which condition is an indicator of a potential cholinergic drug overdose?
Heart rate 30 beats/min
Which assessment finding indicates that a patient is having an adverse effect of adrenergic drug therapy for hypertension?
Heart rate of 40 beats/min
System-level failures leading to drug administration errors include which factors?
Heavy workload Distractions Fatigue
Which adverse effect might a patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency develop if treated with primaquine?
Hemolysis of red blood cells
Use of muscle relaxants is contraindicated in patients with which condition?
Hepatic disease
Which condition is most likely to require lower dosing and closer monitoring to prevent drug toxicity in a patient taking phenytoin?
Hepatitis
Which condition would cause the nurse to question the patient' s use of kava?
Hepatitis
The nurse would withhold the prescribed midazolam for the patient reporting which condition?
Hepatitis B
Which factors may cause a patient's dissatisfaction with their current drug regimen?
High cost Unacceptable side effects Difficulty of administration Inconvenient dosing schedule
Which symptom does a nurse expect to find in a patient who develops neuroleptic malignant syndrome after being administered antipsychotic drugs?
High fever Myoglobinemia Unstable blood pressure
A patient who has received an intravenous (IV) dose of midazolam will be switched to oral (PO) formulation. Which adjustment in dosing does the nurse anticipate?
Higher PO dose
Which drugs are able to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB)?
Highly lipid-soluble drugs Low molecular weight drugs Drugs bound to transport proteins
The nurse is conducting a health history on a patient who is taking a beta blocker. Which assessment data present contraindications or cautions to beta blocker therapy?
History of asthma Second-degree atrioventricular (AV) block on telemetry monitor Type 2 diabetes
The nurse is providing instructions for a patient with a new EpiPen. Which instruction would the nurse include when teaching a patient how to use an EpiPen?
Hold the device in place for 5 to 10 seconds.
The nurse is preparing to administer a dose of intravenous phenytoin to a patient and notes that the patient's serum phenytoin level is 25 mcg/mL. Which action would the nurse take?
Hold the dose and notify the health care provider.
The health care provider prescribes ketoconazole for a patient. Before administration of the new medication, the patient's family brings in an updated medication list that includes buspirone. Which action should the nurse take?
Hold the ketoconazole and notify the health care provider.
The health care provider prescribes a maintenance dose of metoprolol 250 mg orally twice daily for hypertension. Which action would the nurse take upon receiving the prescription?
Hold the medication and ask the health care provider about the dose.
A patient is having an acute anxiety attack because of the anticipation of surgery the following day. The health care provider prescribes buspirone. Which nursing action is appropriate?
Hold the medication and verify the prescription with the health care provider.
Which question would be included in the assessment interview of a patient with current opioid substance abuse?
How long have you used the drug? What other medications do you take? When is the last time you used the drug? Which routes do you use to take the drug?
The nurse draws up insulin into a syringe and calls across the nurses' station for a coworker to double-check. The second nurse, who is charting, looks up from across the room and says, "It's okay"; the first nurse notes the initials for the second nurse in the electronic health record (EHR). In this situation, which factor may contribute to an error in drug administration?
Human factors
Drug administration errors can result from which factors in the process of drug administration?
Human factors Individual factors System-level factors
Which diuretic is a poor choice for a patient who has gout?
Hydrochlorothiazide
The nurse would teach a patient with diabetes who is taking phenytoin to monitor for which condition?
Hyperglycemia
The nurse assesses a patient who was receiving treatment for narcolepsy. Which sign will the nurse monitor in the patient?
Hyperphagia Paranoid delusions
MAOI's and tyramine cause what?
Hypertensive crisis
Which condition is a contraindication to the administration of bethanechol?
Hyperthyroidism
A patient taking a thiazide diuretic has been admitted to the hospital. Which laboratory finding will the nurse associate with thiazide diuretics?
Hyperuricemia
Which side effect is associated with furosemide?
Hypokalemia
Which adverse effect would be most concerning for a patient who is taking clonidine?
Hypotension
Which assessment finding is a contraindication for prescribed clonidine therapy for opioid withdrawal?
Hypotension
Which black box warning is given on nitroprusside?
Hypotension
Which patient finding would cause the nurse to be concerned that the pharmacologic action of an antihypertensive drug is extended?
Hypotension
Which patient finding would warrant the nurse holding the prescribed dose of amlodipine?
Hypotension
Which adverse effect of alcohol consumption will a ski instructor most likely warn a snow-skiing trainee about?
Hypothermia
A patient is admitted to the emergency department with a blood pressure of 222/110 mm Hg. For which reason would the nurse anticipate intravenous (IV) beta blocker administration?
IV forms of beta blockers have immediate effects.
Which potential interaction may occur to a patient taking losartan and ibuprofen?
Ibuprofen can lead to potential renal failure.
Which body system triggers an allergic reaction to a medication?
Immune
Which phrase describes a correct therapeutic goal for treatment of Parkinson's disease?
Improve the patient's ability to carry out activities of daily living
Which is an expected therapeutic outcome for a patient with Parkinson's disease and dementia who is prescribed rivastigmine?
Improved memory
To evaluate the effectiveness of dopaminergic agents, the nurse would assess for which condition?
Improvement in balance
A nurse is evaluating the effectiveness of a patient's drug regimen for Alzheimer's disease. Which assessment finding by the nurse would indicate that the drug is effective?
Improvement in mental status
Which description of the therapeutic effect of rivastigmine is accurate?
Improves memory
Which nursing assessments are important for a patient prescribed cyclobenzaprine?
Level of consciousness Breathing Blood pressure
Which adverse effect results from antipsychotic drugs' action on alpha-adrenergic receptors?
Lightheadedness Reflex tachycardia Postural hypotension
Which intervention will the nurse encourage to reduce the gastrointestinal side effects of orlistat?
Limit dietary intake of fat to less than 30% of total calories.
Which class of drugs may be prescribed to promote weight reduction for a patient who is obese?
Lipase inhibitors
Which laboratory values will a nurse ensure are ordered for a patient before initiation of a statin?
Lipid panel Liver enzymes Creatine kinase (CK)
Drugs with which property are excreted in breast milk?
Lipid soluble
Which drug is responsible for an adverse effect of involuntary wavelike movements of the legs in a patient with bipolar disorder?
Lithium citrate
The nurse notices that a patient who is receiving lithium has moderate bilateral pitting edema. The primary health care provider has prescribed a loop diuretic for the patient. For which side effect would the nurse monitor?
Lithium levels
What is the main site of the metabolism in the body?
Liver
Which factor in a patient's health history is most important for the nurse to consider with regard to treatment for Alzheimer's disease using rivastigmine?
Liver disease
Which assessment will the nurse review for the patient who has been taking high doses of over-the-counter (OTC) acetaminophen for many years?
Liver enzymes
Which laboratory values would the nurse review with the administration of epinephrine?
Liver function Renal function
Which diagnostic assessment would the nurse discuss with the health care provider for a patient who reports taking high doses of acetaminophen to treat fever for the past week?
Liver function test
Which tests will the nurse suggest to the health care provider before duloxetine is started for depression?
Liver function test
The nurse would monitor which laboratory values for a patient taking cyclobenzaprine?
Liver function tests
Which patient laboratory values will the nurse review before initiating therapy with phenytoin?
Liver function tests (LFTs) Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine Complete blood count (CBC)
Which complication needs to be assessed for immediately in a patient who self-administered over 5 grams per day of acetaminophen for the past week?
Liver toxicity
After 10 hours on the job, a novice nurse struggles to program the intravenous (IV) pump; to avoid hanging the IV drug late, the nurse decides to let the drug run in by gravity, after calculating the drip rate then adjusting the roller clamp on the tubing. Which individual factors set the situation up for a drug error?
Long workdays Difficulty using equipment Clinical experience of the nurse
Which medication is prescribed to the patient with panic disorder if the nurse uses the intramuscular route for administration of a diluted anxiolytic?
Lorazepam
Which statins are significantly metabolized by CYP3A4?
Lovastatin Simvastatin Atorvastatin
A patient has recently undergone kidney transplantation and is receiving cyclosporine therapy. On the follow-up visit, the nurse finds that the patient has severe ocular pain as a result of an accumulation of aqueous humor. Which treatment would the nurse anticipate the primary health care provider will prescribe for the patient?
Lower the dose of cyclosporine. Give an oral dose of acetazolamide.
A patient with acute pulmonary edema is receiving furosemide. Which assessment finding indicates to the nurse that the intervention is working?
Lungs clear
It is prescribed that a patient be given furosemide via intravenous push. Which intervention would the nurse perform?
Maintain accurate intake and output record. Assess lung sounds before and after administration. Assess blood pressure before and after administration.
Which type of therapy has been prescribed when a patient is prescribed an oral antidiabetic drug?
Maintenance
Which factors decrease drug metabolism?
Malnutrition Kidney disease Cardiovascular disease
The nurse observes that a patient's vision is not improving after acetazolamide treatment. Which drug would the nurse anticipate will be prescribed for the patient for reducing intraocular pressure?
Mannitol
Which diuretic is the drug of choice for the prevention of tissue damage after a closed head injury?
Mannitol
An adolescent's parents report to the nurse that their child who was bright and motivated has become sullen and withdrawn in the past year. The parents also report that the adolescent has had a cough for a year. Which drug abuse does the nurse suspect in the adolescent?
Marijuana
The nurse would instruct the patient to complete which action after the self-injection of epinephrine?
Massage the site.
Which action performed by the nurse will increase the absorption of a medication administered intramuscularly?
Massaging the site after injection
Which information would the nurse draw upon to explain to a patient why a lower dose of intravenous pain medication is being given than the previous oral dose?
Medications given intravenously are not affected by the first-pass effect.
Which medication is a noncholinergic drug used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?
Memantine
Which term is an alternate for biotransformation of a drug?
Metabolism
Which drug should be used with caution with herbal ginseng to prevent drug interactions?
Metformin
Which drug treats opioid dependence?
Methadone
Which medication will assist a patient's recovery from a narcotic addiction?
Methadone
Which drug can be prescribed for the treatment of idiopathic hypercalciuria?
Metolazone
Which beta blocker is cardio selective?
Metoprolol
Which assessment finding indicates a therapeutic response to bethanechol in a patient with hypotonic bladder?
Micturition within an hour
Which condition does the nurse suspect if a patient presents with photophobia, nausea, vomiting, and unilateral headache?
Migraine
A patient is complaining of gastrointestinal symptoms when taking a prescribed muscle relaxant. The nurse would recommend which beverage to help alleviate these symptoms?
Milk
A patient is diagnosed with fibromyalgia. Which drug does the nurse expect to administer?
Milnacipran
The patient has been taking morphine after an appendectomy. The patient's blood pressure is 100/60 mm Hg, and the patient reports constipation, dizziness, and a severe headache. Which side effect is observed in a patient taking morphine?
Miosis Diuresis Pruritus
Which drug does the nurse expect to be prescribed for a patient that reports excessive daytime sleepiness and often falls asleep in the middle of activities?
Modafinil
Which drug is indicated for the improvement of wakefulness in patients who have excessive daytime sleepiness?
Modafinil
Which combination of drugs will the nurse expect the provider to order for excessive daytime sleepiness and frequent severe migraines?
Modafinil and sumatriptan
Conscious sedation as in what is used in a colonoscopy is also called:
Moderate anesthesia
Which therapeutic outcome is expected from the administration of cevimeline to a patient with Sjögren's syndrome?
Moist oral mucous membranes
Which nursing action is appropriate for a patient with a blood pressure reading of 200/120 mm Hg and an order from the health care provider to administer sodium nitroprusside?
Monitor blood pressure continuously.
Which is the most important nursing responsibility for ensuring safety for a patient being treated with anxiolytic medications?
Monitor the postural blood pressure.
A nurse administers metoprolol 100 mg to a patient with hypertension but does not check the patient's apical pulse before administration. The patient develops bradycardia, becomes dizzy with standing, and falls, resulting in a fractured lumbar vertebra. Which process of drug delivery does this involve?
Monitoring
A patient with heart failure is prescribed furosemide and amiloride. However, while assessing the patient's medical record, the nurse observes that the patient is on therapy with lithium carbonate to treat bipolar disorder. Which response would the nurse take in this situation?
Report to the health care provider about the patient's lithium carbonate therapy.
Which assessment finding would cause the nurse to hold the dose of zolpidem and notify the health care provider?
Reports a history of sleep apnea
The nurse is performing an admission assessment on a patient who will receive intravenous phenytoin. The patient reports a history of a "slow heart rate." Which action by the nurse is appropriate?
Request an electrocardiogram (ECG).
Which source does a manufacturer use to obtain information about drugs and their side effects?
Researchers and clinical trials Post marketing safety surveillance data
Which condition interferes with the optimum therapeutic effect of a drug given by the oral route?
Resection of the small intestine
Match the aspect of planning to its example.
Resolution of confusion within 48 hours - Goal Patient safety during period of resolution - Priority Move the patient to a room closer to the nurses' station - Intervention Patient has remained free of injury; patient is alert and oriented - Evaluation
The physician prescribed hydromorphone. Which vital sign is of greatest concern with this drug?
Respiration
Which nursing intervention is a priority for a patient who is prescribed a nonselective beta blocker?
Respiratory assessment
For which concerning symptom does the nurse closely monitor in a patient taking a benzodiazepine?
Respiratory depression
Which chronic complication may occur in the patient who has been using marijuana for a long time?
Respiratory failure
Which assessment is essential for the nurse to monitor in a patient who is receiving an opioid analgesic?
Respiratory rate
Which outcome is expected from a patient in the post-anesthesia recovery unit who received doxapram?
Respiratory rate of 16 breaths per minute
Which instruction is appropriate for a patient who will begin taking a medication to treat erectile dysfunction?
Restrict the intake of grapefruit.
For which purpose can stimulants be used therapeutically?
Reverse fatigue
A patient with primary hypertension is prescribed furosemide 60 mg daily. Which action will the nurse take if the patient's potassium levels results are 3.8 mEq/L?
Review sources to increase dietary potassium
Which rights are additional rights of the five-plus-five rights of drug administration?
Right evaluation Right assessment Right documentation Patient's right to refuse
The Joint Commission requires two forms of identification verification before administering drugs. Which right of drug administration does this support?
Right patient
Which "rights" are components of the original five rights of drug administration?
Right patient Right drug Right dose Right time
A patient has been admitted for intractable nausea, and his or her morning drugs are due. Which of the original rights of drug administration will require special attention by the nurse?
Right route
Which rights are part of the six rights for nurses to ensure safe drug administration?
Right to a complete and clear order Right to have access to information Right to administer drugs safely and to identify problems in the system
Which instruction would the nurse include when teaching a patient how to use an albuterol inhaler?
Rinse the mouth after each use.
Specifically related to the side effect of orthostatic hypotension, the nurse would educate the patient to take which action?
Rise slowly from a lying position.
Which atypical antipsychotic medication would the nurse anticipate a health care provider prescribing for treatment of refractory schizophrenia?
Risperidone
Which medication would a nurse suggest the health care provider prescribe for a patient with psychosis who is experiencing extrapyramidal effects from conventional antipsychotic pharmacotherapy?
Risperidone
Which indirect-acting cholinergic drug is used to treat a patient who has both Parkinson's disease and dementia?
Rivastigmine
Which term is used to describe abusing the use of cough syrup containing dextromethorphan?
Robotripping
Which classification are the central nervous system (CNS) stimulant drugs that have a high potential for abuse and dependence?
Schedule II
Which drug is used for the prevention of motion sickness?
Scopolamine
Which finding alerts the nurse to the possibility that the patient is experiencing adverse effects of morphine sulfate?
Sedation
Which adverse effect may occur in an obese patient with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who has been prescribed phentermine and dexmethylphenidate?
Seizures Insomnia Dysrhythmias
Which drug class is the first choice for the management of anxiety?
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
Which characteristic aligns with chronic pain?
Persistent
Which factors may affect drug absorption?
Surface area Lipid solubility Rate of dissolution
Which nursing action is a priority when administering a cholinergic medication for myasthenia gravis?
Administer 30 minutes before meals
Which term is used to describe the study of the physicochemical properties of drugs and how they influence the body?
Pharmacodynamics
Which process is being described when a drug is followed from oral absorption through to finding traces of the drug in urine?
Pharmacokinetics
Which instruction would the nurse give a patient who takes warfarin and reports drinking chamomile tea every evening?
"Chamomile may have an interaction with your warfarin."
Which adverse effect does the nurse monitor for in a patient who has been prescribed alprazolam to treat panic disorder?
Ataxia Dizziness Confusion Visual changes
Which drug for the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a noncontrolled central nervous system stimulant?
Atomoxetine
A patient taking rivastigmine is experiencing signs of a cholinergic crisis. Which medication would the nurse administer to improve the patient's condition?
Atropine
Which anticholinergic can be used in the ophthalmic route?
Atropine
Which drug is a plant-derived anticholinergic?
Atropine
Which drug is the antidote to a cholinergic overdose?
Atropine
Which medication should be administered to a patient who has a cholinergic crisis?
Atropine
Which equipment will the nurse prepare for the procedure of a patient receiving a diagnostic test using edrophonium?
Atropine available for immediate use Epinephrine available for immediate use Telemetry monitor on the patient Blood pressure equipment for frequent monitoring
In which way does the pharmacokinetics of atropine differ from that of bethanechol?
Atropine can be given orally or topically, whereas bethanechol can only be given orally.
Which medication is used as an antidote for cholinergic overdose?
Atropine sulfate
Which is the priority nursing intervention for a patient who has a cholinesterase-inhibitor overdose?
Attach the patient to an electrocardiogram monitor.
How would the nurse determine the effectiveness of albuterol therapy?
Auscultate the patient's lung sounds.
Atypical antipsychotics patient teaching
Avoid abrupt withdrawal of this drug
Which information will a nurse give to the parents of a child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) who has been prescribed dexmethylphenidate?
Avoid administering medications on weekends Avoid dissolving the sustained-release medications in water. Administer the medication before sending the child to school.
A patient is prescribed an anorexiant. Which statement will the nurse include in a patient teaching?
Avoid intake of caffeine
Which point would the nurse include in the teaching plan related to the use of herbal therapy for a patient who is prescribed an oral contraceptive?
Avoid taking saw palmetto with oral contraceptives
Which criterion must a medication meet to be assigned over-the-counter (OTC)?
Be easy to use Be easy to monitor Be evaluated for side effects
Drug half-life is defined as the amount of time required for 50% of a drug to do which response?
Be eliminated by the body
Which time of administration is optimal for the drug effectiveness of methylphenidate, Ritalin SR, prescribed to a school-age patient?
Before breakfast on weekdays
Which initial intervention is appropriate to reduce symptoms for a patient with an overactive bladder?
Behavioral modification therapy
Which type of medication is indicated to help the patient manage withdrawal symptoms while detoxifying from alcohol abuse?
Benzodiazepine
The patient is experiencing malignant hyperthermia after receiving anesthesia. Which medication will be administered?
Dantrolene
Which description of pre-administration assessment data is accurate?
Data that establish a patient's baseline before administration of a drug
Which intervention by the nurse is essential when caring for a patient who has hepatitis and is prescribed tolterodine?
Decrease the dosage of medication.
The nurse is caring for a patient who is hypotensive after receiving a dose of furosemide. Which action of furosemide can cause hypotension?
Decreased blood volume and cardiac output
Which assessment finding indicates a therapeutic response to the administration of dicyclomine?
Decreased bowel sounds and no complaints of cramping
Which physiologic change will be observed in a patient after administering diuretics?
Decreased cardiac output Decreased blood pressure
Which effect would the nurse anticipate from the interaction between an angiotensin II blocker and a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug?
Decreased effect of the angiotensin II receptor-blocker drug
Which result would the nurse anticipate from the interaction between an angiotensin II receptor blocker and rifampin?
Decreased effect of the angiotensin II receptor-blocker drug
The nurse administers physostigmine to a patient who has been exposed to pesticides. Which therapeutic effect is expected?
Decreased heart rate
Cholinergic agonist drugs have the potential to cause which effect?
Decreased heart rate Increased respiratory secretions
Which therapeutic goal would be used for a patient undergoing mannitol therapy?
Decreased intracranial pressure
Which finding is a desired therapeutic effect of pilocarpine ophthalmic drops?
Decreased intraocular pressure
Which factors alter drug metabolism in older adults?
Decreased liver mass Decreased hepatic blood flow
Which therapeutic effect would the nurse assess for after preoperatively administering atropine?
Decreased salivation and secretions
Which finding is an expected outcome after administering a cholinergic-blocking medication?
Decreased secretions
Which patient cue is an adverse effect of anticholinergics?
Decreased sweating
Which assessment finding would indicate a therapeutic effect after administration of tolterodine?
Decreased urination
Which actions occur during the planning stage of the nursing process?
Defining goals Setting priorities Identifying interventions Establishing evaluation criteria
Using the nursing process, which component is the nurse discerning during the evaluation phase?
Degree of goal attainment
Which is a common symptom of serotonin syndrome?
Delirium Myoclonus Coarse tremors
Which phenomenon does the nurse recognize as a positive symptom of schizophrenia?
Delusions Hallucinations Conceptual disorganization
Centrally-acting muscle relaxants relieve muscle spasms and pain through which mechanism?
Depress neuron activity in the spinal cord or brain or enhance neuronal inhibition on the skeletal muscles.
Which phrase describes the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines?
Depresses all levels of the central nervous system (CNS) by enhancing action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)
The nurse prepares to administer 5 mg of intravenous (IV) morphine sulfate to a patient who underwent surgery 30 minutes earlier. Which morphine effect is the most important reason for the nurse to record baseline vital signs before administering this drug?
Depresses the respiratory center
Which is the best action by the nurse when learning a new patient taking prazosin with a blood pressure of 140/90 mm Hg reports swollen feet?
Determine the patient's history.
Which drug creates a sleepy, relaxed, drunken feeling in patients?
Flunitrazepam
The health care provider indicates that a first-generation antipsychotic will be prescribed for a patient with psychosis. Which drugs would the nurse anticipate may be prescribed?
Fluphenazine Haloperidol
Which term would best describe a possible drug reaction resulting in very low blood glucose levels that can cause lightheadedness and profuse sweating?
Pharmacologic
Which drugs represent the largest class of conventional antipsychotic drugs?
Phenothiazines
Which statement indicates effective learning about herbal therapy?
Insurance plans offer reimbursement for alternative treatments.
Drugs exert their actions on the body by performing which action?
Interacting with receptors Altering metabolic chemical processes Inhibiting the action of a specific enzyme
Which methods can be used to evaluate the patient's adherence to a drug regimen?
Interviewing the patient Counting pills Measuring plasma drug levels
Which routes will the nurse instruct the patient to use for self-administration of epinephrine via an EpiPen?
Intramuscular Subcutaneous
When it is necessary for a drug to circumvent first-pass metabolism in the liver, which route of administration is recommended?
Intranasal Intraocular Transdermal
Which route of administration provides rapid onset of delivery to enhance safety and efficacy?
Intravenous
Which medication would the nurse anticipate administering if minoxidil toxicity is suspected?
Intravenous fluids
To achieve the most rapid onset of action, the health care provider would prescribe medication to be administered by which route?
Intravenously
Which assessment finding indicates the patient may be experiencing an anticholinergic drug overdose?
Irregular heart rate
Which condition is dicyclomine typically administered to treat?
Irritable bowel disease
Which medical conditions may be exacerbated by the use of cholinergic agonists?
Irritable bowel syndrome Urinary obstruction Asthma
In which way does buspirone differ from other anxiolytics?
It is not a central nervous system (CNS) depressant.
Which statement describes how the nursing process applies to pharmacology?
It promotes adherence to a prescribed drug regimen.
Which fact would the nurse explain to a patient taking amiodarone and consuming grapefruit juice?
It reduces the metabolism of the drug
A patient has taken an enteric-coated medication with a large amount of food. Which effect will this have on the bioavailability of the drug?
It will be decreased.
Which products, if taken concurrently with midazolam, could result in drug interactions?
Kava kava Erythromycin Zolpidem
The nurse understands that excretion of cyclobenzaprine occurs via which organ system?
Kidneys
What is the main site for excretion?
Kidneys
Which organ accounts for most drug excretion, thereby limiting the duration of action of many drugs?
Kidneys
Which characteristic must be identified in the child's behavior before central nervous system stimulants are indicated?
Lack of ability to control impulses Symptoms lasting at least 6 months Short attention span for the child's age
A patient using St. John's wort for depressive symptoms has been prescribed a benzodiazepine for management of mild panic attacks. Which drug interaction will the nurse discuss with the patient?
Lack of reduction in anxiety symptoms
Which drug is prescribed to an obese patient that should be instructed to take in the morning and avoid taking at bedtime?
Phentermine
Which drug will the nurse expect to be prescribed for a patient with cholestasis, consuming a high-fat diet, and with a body mass index of 34?
Phentermine
Which drug would the nurse expect to be prescribed for a patient who is obese, frequently hungry, and eats to satisfy hunger?
Phentermine
Which sign or symptom supports a diagnosis of migraine headaches?
Photophobia Phonophobia Pulsating headache
Which drug may be administered to a patient who has a tricyclic antidepressant overdose?
Physostigmine
Administration of which drug will assist in reversing neuromuscular blockade after general anesthesia?
Physostigmine intravenously
Which animal is the other main source of natural insulin besides humans?
Pig
Which medication is a direct-acting cholinergic drug?
Pilocarpine Succinylcholine
Which assessment finding indicates that the patient may have received an overdose of morphine sulfate?
Pinpoint pupils
The nurse is teaching a patient about the administration of phenytoin and instructs the patient to perform which action in case of a rash?
"Contact your health care provider immediately."
Which assessment finding is adverse effects associated with the administration of cholinergic medications?
Sweating Dizziness Bradycardia Hypotension
Which course of action is appropriate for a patient who reports dry mouth and is taking tolterodine?
Switching to a newer medication
Which condition is the primary indication for treatment with atropine?
Symptomatic bradycardia
Which side effect of an alpha-adrenergic antagonist drug would the nurse monitor for after the patient receives the first dose?
Syncope
Which assessment finding indicates an adverse reaction in a patient receiving bethanechol for the treatment of urinary retention?
Syncope Hypertension
Which enhanced therapeutic effect describes combination therapy of hydrochlorothiazide and lisinopril?
Synergistic
Which assessment finding would require patient teaching about treatment for hypertension?
Systolic pressure consistently above 140 mm Hg
Which adverse effects would the nurse monitor for in a patient receiving atropine?
Tachycardia Bradycardia Hyperthermia
Which manifestation is seen in a person who smokes marijuana?
Tachycardia Unsteady gait Mild euphoria Hallucinations
Which intervention will the nurse advise an obese patient, who is taking phentermine and who complains of having a headache, to do?
Take acetaminophen
Which instruction does the nurse give to the patient who is starting therapy with pyridostigmine?
Take it before meals.
Which administration information will a nurse provide to a patient who is newly prescribed immediate-release lovastatin 20 mg?
Take it in the evening with a meal.
Which instruction would the nurse include to educate a patient taking sertraline?
Take sertraline at the same time each day.
Which information will the nurse include in a teaching plan for a patient receiving bethanechol?
Take the medication 1 hour before meals or 2 hours after meals.
A patient who is taking oral phenytoin reports experiencing heartburn and gastrointestinal (GI) upset. Which recommendation will the nurse provide to the patient?
Take the medication with food.
Which recommendation would the nurse provide to the parents who express concern about the addictive quality of stimulants prescribed to their child to treat attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Talk to the health care provider about instituting "drug holidays."
A patient taking buspirone uses the call light after breakfast to report feeling "really spacey." Which nursing response is appropriate?
"Did you drink grapefruit juice with breakfast?"
A patient states, "I take diazepam with grapefruit juice every morning." Which nursing response is appropriate?
"Grapefruit products may increase the drug's concentration and effects."
Which action will the nurse take for a patient with a history of gastrointestinal ulcers who has been using ibuprofen for several weeks and reports abdominal pain?
Further assess the patient's pain.
Which complication would the nurse discuss with a patient with arthritis who self-medicates with nonsteroidal anti inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?
Gastrointestinal ulcers
A patient recently prescribed a diuretic states, "I have heart failure and hypertension; I think I need a medication for each." Which nursing response is appropriate?
"Diuretics can be used to treat both heart failure and hypertension."
A patient who has been taking 5 mg of oral cyclobenzaprine PO tid for 6 weeks asks for a renewal of the prescription. Which information is of concern to the nurse?
Length of time patient has been on medication
For which patient would the nurse question a prescription for aripiprazole?
Patient who drinks alcohol
Which patient who would benefit from buspirone does the nurse discuss with the health care provider?
Patient with long-term anxiety who drinks alcohol
Buspirone is contraindicated for which patients?
Patients with a known drug allergy
Which condition is a contraindication to the use of bethanechol?
Peptic ulcer Parkinsonism Hyperthyroidism Coronary artery disease
After the placement of a new transdermal opioid patch, the patient reports an increase in level of pain. Which error in placement of the new patch is the reason?
Placed on a hairy area
Which additional medication in a patient' s treatment regimen would alert the nurse to a possible interaction with an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor?
Spironolactone Ibuprofen Potassium chloride
Which statement made by the nurse is appropriate for a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who wants to use herbal medications for a cold rather than conventional medications?
"Herbal products may work, but you still should discuss this with your health care provider."
The nurse is providing education to a patient taking carbidopa-levodopa. Which statement by the nurse correctly explains why the patient should take this medication with low-protein foods?
"High-protein foods interfere with transportation of this medication to the central nervous system."
Which patient statement about the pharmacodynamics of zolpidem requires further teaching by the nurse?
"I am worried that this drug will stay in my system for a long time."
Which patient cue indicates the highest risk for complications from the prescribed diuretics?
Spironolactone with renal failure
Which statement by a patient taking albuterol indicates the need for further education?
"I can take up to six puffs of my inhaler if I feel short of breath."
Which instructions would the nurse include in patient teaching for a patient taking extended-release carbidopa-levodopa?
"Do not abruptly stop taking this medication." "You may continue to have symptoms for several weeks or months " "You may experience discolored urine or dark perspiration while taking this medication."
Which information would the nurse include when teaching an elderly patient who has been prescribed extended-release doxazosin?
"Do not be concerned if you see the matrix of the capsule in your stool." "Be especially careful when changing position after your first dose of the medication."
A patient is prescribed oxycodone extended release (ER) for pain management. Which information is essential to include in the teaching plan?
"Do not crush the medication." "Swallow the medication whole." "Do not dissolve the medication in water."
Which information would the nurse include in the teaching plan for a patient who is prescribed an adrenergic drug?
"Do not drink alcohol when using this therapy."
Which instruction will the nurse provide to the patient who is prescribed a scopolamine transdermal patch?
"Do not drive a motor vehicle." You should abstain from alcohol." "You should not use heavy machinery."
Which information would the nurse include in the teaching plan for a patient who is prescribed atenolol?
"Do not stop the medication abruptly."
Which instruction would the nurse include in patient teaching to help prevent adverse effects of oxybutynin therapy?
"Do not take antihistamines without your primary health care provider's approval."
Which question will assist the nurse in obtaining a complete assessment of the patient' s use of nonprescription therapy?
"Do you use any herbal supplements?" "Do you have any cultural food preferences?" "How often do you take over-the-counter products?" "Do you have any 'home remedies' you use regularly?"
A patient is being discharged with a prescription for morphine for postoperative pain. Which information would the nurse include in the discharge teaching plan?
"Drink at least 3 liters of fluid a day." "Take an over-the-counter stool softener daily."
A patient who began taking furosemide 24 hours ago reports increased frequency of urination. Which nursing response is appropriate?
"Frequency of urination will decrease 6 to 8 hours after you take this medication. You should take it in the morning."
Which information would the nurse provide to a patient who is prescribed a clonidine transdermal patch?
"Get up slowly from a sitting to a standing position."
Which information would the nurse include in the teaching plan about maximizing the therapeutic effects and minimizing the adverse effects of cholinergic blocking drugs?
"Brush your teeth frequently." "Drink six to eight glasses of water daily." "Avoid exposure to high temperatures."
Which statement by the nurse demonstrates knowledge of use of calcium channel blockers (CCBs) for management of hypertension?
"CCBs relax vascular smooth muscle."
Which statement would the nurse make to the patient who is taking acetaminophen for pain relief?
"Acetaminophen can lead to liver toxicity and should be used in recommended doses."
When a patient is prescribed a benzodiazepine and the nurse reviews the patient history, what inquiry may the nurse make?
"Are you taking oral contraceptives?"
A patient with complex partial seizures is prescribed phenytoin to control recurrent seizures, but the patient reports being reluctant to take the drug long term because of its side effects. Which information would the nurse provide this patient?
"Ask your health care provider about the possibility of using a different class of antiseizure medication."
After teaching a parent about the use of over-the counter products for cough and cold symptoms, which statement made by the parent of a child under 2 years old indicates a need for further instruction?
"Aspirin is a safe alternative to cold products."
Which statement would the nurse make to parents who report they frequently give aspirin to their child for "fevers "?
"Aspirin should not be administered to children."
Which information regarding exercise would the nurse teach a patient who is receiving anticholinergic medications?
"Avoid exercises that could cause excessive sweating."
Which instruction would the nurse include in the teaching plan for an older adult patient who is taking an antichoinergic agent?
"Avoid sun and warm places."
Which instruction would a nurse give to a patient who has been prescribed ciprofloxacin to prevent antagonistic effects?
"Avoid taking the drug with milk."
Which information is essential for the nurse to tell the patient and family in relation to donepezil?
"Be cautious with activity until you know how the medication affects you."
Which teaching would the nurse provide to a patient newly prescribed fluphenazine for schizophrenia?
"Be certain to take this medication with food."
A patient who has hypertension and asthma asks, "Why can't I take a beta blocker for my hypertension?" Which nursing response is appropriate?
"Beta blocker medications can cause bronchospasm, which can trigger an asthma attack."
The charge nurse is teaching a group of new nurses about safe administration of beta blockers. Which statements indicate that further teaching is required?
"Beta blockers increase the heart rate and force of cardiac contraction." "Metoprolol can cause liver failure, so laboratory values are required." "Beta blockers are only used to treat hypertension."
Which information would the nurse provide the patient to ensure understanding of pharmacologic therapy for hypertension?
"Blood pressure is a product of cardiac output and vascular resistance."
The nurse is caring for a patient who was prescribed bethanechol 1 month ago. Which statement made by the patient indicates the medication is effective?
"I have noticed that I have been urinating more frequently."
Which statement made by the patient after commenting that fluticasone nasal spray is an over-the-counter (OTC) medication indicates an understanding of OTC regulations?
"I may decide when to use the medication."
The nurse is caring for a patient with Parkinson's disease who is receiving monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) and teaches dietary guidelines to the patient's caregiver. Which statement by the patient's caregiver indicates effective learning?
"I should avoid giving the patient aged cheese."
Which statement indicates to the nurse that the patient needs additional instruction about antihypertensive treatment?
"I will check my blood pressure daily and take my medication when it is over 140/90 mm Hg."
The nurse is teaching a patient about side effects of spironolactone. Which patient statement indicates that the teaching has been effective?
"I will do my gardening in the evening after the sun has gone down."
Which statement by the nurse indicates understanding of the teaching about medication administration for patients with attentiondeficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
"I will give these drugs 30 to 45 minutes before meals to improve absorption."
The nurse is teaching a patient who is being discharged with a prescription for metoprolol. Which patient statement indicates understanding of the teaching?
"I will not drive until I know how this medication affects me."
Which statement made by the patient reflects understanding of medication education when being switched from amitriptyline to citalopram?
"I will not get as dizzy when I change positions after I switch medications."
Which statement indicates effective teaching to parents of a 1-year-old on the importance of medication safety?
"I will not give my child OTC cough medicine."
Which statement by the patient indicates the need for further teaching about methods to alleviate side effects of a muscarinic antagonist?
"I will take diphenhydramine for any itching caused by the patch."
Which patient statement demonstrates understanding of nursing education regarding the use of furosemide?
"I will weigh myself daily on the same scale."
Which comment by the patient indicates understanding about the side effects of enalapril?
"If I develop a chronic cough, I should notify my health care provider."
Which instruction does a nurse provide to a patient who is taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)?
"Increase the intake of dietary fiber supplements."
Which instruction would the nurse provide to a patient who has constipation from prolonged use of anticholinergic medications?
"Increase your daily intake of fluids." "Increase the amount of fiber in your diet." "Take fiber supplements such as psyllium."
Which statement is accurate when discussing the use of herbal and over-the-counter medications with patients?
"It is important to discuss the use of over-the-counter medications with your health care provider."
A patient has been taking metoprolol IR for 6 weeks. Current assessment data includes a heart rate of 72 beats per minute and blood pressure of 126/74 mm Hg. The patient reports occasional dizziness, insomnia, and fatigue. Which recommendation will the nurse provide for this patient?
"It is important to discuss these symptoms with the health care provider."
Which statement made by a patient demonstrates a lack of understanding of patient teaching regarding phenothiazine drug therapy?
"It is okay to take this drug with a small glass of wine to help me relax."
Which statement made by the patient indicates further teaching is needed about amphetamine medications?
"It may decrease my heart rate."
Which statement related to carbidopa-levodopa and symptoms of dyskinesia would the nurse include in patient teaching?
"It may take weeks or months before your symptoms are controlled."
Cyclobenzaprine exerts an effect within which time span?
1 hour
When is atorvastatin expected to achieve its peak concentration?
1 to 2 hr
When would the nurse anticipate onset of action of epinephrine when administered during cardiac arrest?
1 to 2 minutes
A patient with cancer who has had adequate pain control with a longacting opioid reports severe pain. The nurse understands that the patient is experiencing breakthrough pain, and the time of the next scheduled opioid dose is in 2 hours. Which action does the nurse take?
Administer a short-acting opioid and follow the regular opioid schedule for the next dose
A patient is prescribed a caffeine (NoDoz) tablet. How much caffeine is in each tablet?
100 mg
Which atomoxetine dosage is correct for an adult patient who weighs 70 kg?
100 mg once daily
Which percentage would be the bioavailability of atropine administered intravenously to a patient with a cardiac dysrhythmia?
100%
A patient is receiving bethanechol at 0900. At which time does the nurse anticipate the onset of action for the drug?
1000
The nurse administers an oral dose of metoprolol at 0800 to a patient with hypertension. At which time will the nurse anticipate the peak effect?
1000
The primary health care provider prescribes intravenous morphine to a patient who has been receiving oral oxycodone 80 mg every 12 hours. If a 15-mg dose of oxycodone is equivalent to a 10-mg dose of parenteral morphine, calculate the equivalent intravenous dose of morphine.
107
An adult patient was prescribed an intravenous (IV) dose of physostigmine. What is the maximum safe dose of the drug that can be administered to the patient in 2 hours?
12
Cyclobenzaprine may aid in the relief of muscle spasm for which duration?
12 to 24 hours
How many mg/day would the nurse plan to administer with an order to administer hydralazine 1.25 mg/kg/day when the patient weighs 22 pounds?
12.5
An older adult patient who weighs 70 kg is in status epilepticus. Which dose is an appropriate loading dose of phenytoin for this patient?
1400 mg
The physician ordered 100mg/2000mg of Janumet. How much will the nurse administer?
2 tablets
A patient is being started on buspirone. Which time frame describes how long it will take for an initial response to appear?
2 to 3 weeks
Which assessment finding indicates a therapeutic response to the administration of psyllium?
A formed bowel movement
A loading dose is
A higher initial dose than other doses
At which concentration is the intravenous injection of mannitol likely to crystallize?
20%
A patient with a history of heavy alcohol use needs acetaminophen for pain. The recommended maximum daily dose is?
2000 mg
The nurse is caring for four patients with psychosis. Which patient may benefit most from haloperidol decanoate?
21 year old who is homeless and moves from city to city
The nurse is caring for a patient who is experiencing excessive drowsiness caused by phenytoin. The health care provider withholds the drug and prescribes a serum drug level test. For which length of time will the nurse monitor the patient for drowsiness?
24 to 42 hours
A patient is given a drug that has a half-life of 8 hours. The peak level of this drug is 100 mg/L. What would be the concentration of the drug after two half-lives?
25
Which amount describes the usual daily dose of spironolactone for an adult patient?
25 to 200 mg/day
Only __________ of the 12 closely related cytochrome P450 enzyme families metabolize drugs.
3
The dosage strength mg and the doctor orders 300 mg, how many tablets will you give
3
How does a medical diagnosis differ from a nursing diagnosis?
A medical diagnosis identifies a disease process. A medical diagnosis identifies results of procedures. A medical diagnosis identifies results of diagnostic tests.
When administering atropine preoperatively to prevent aspiration of respiratory secretions, how many minutes before anesthesia will the nurse give the drug?__ to __ minutes
30 and 60
The nurse is caring for several patients who are all being treated for hypertension. Which patient would the nurse assess first?
A patient who has stopped taking a beta blocker because of cost
Which patient receiving losartan needs to be monitored closely while receiving this therapy?
A patient with an elevated creatinine level
Which patient with hypertension would benefit most from receiving an alpha1 blocker?
A patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia
Which patient, if prescribed a benzodiazepine, would the nurse contact the provider about?
A postpartum patient who is breastfeeding
Which condition in a patient's history is a contraindication to the administration of opioid analgesics?
Asthma
The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving 15 mg of morphine through an intravenous (IV) line over 12 hours. It needs to be changed to IV hydromorphone. Calculate the equivalent IV hydromorphone dose for 24 hours
4.5
A patient with an anxiety disorder is prescribed an oral dose of diazepam. What is the maximum dose of the drug that the patient would receive in a day?
40
The nurse is planning to administer physostigmine to a child who has accidentally taken an excess dose of atropine. The child's weight is 30 kg, and the drug dosage is 0.03 mg/kg given every 10 minutes in 1 hour. How many milligrams of the drug will be administered to the child?
5
A nurse administers oral carbidopa-levodopa to a patient who has tremors caused by Parkinson's disease. The nurse would expect to see the medication effect in which time frame?
5 hours
Which dose regimen of methylphenidate (Ritalin) would the nurse expect for a 6-year-old child with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
5 mg before breakfast and lunch
How long after intravenous (IV) administration of furosemide would the nurse anticipate the beginning of diuresis?
5 minutes
In which time frame will the effect of albuterol via inhalation occur?
5 to 15 minutes
The nurse administers a drug to a patient that has a half-life of 6 hours. If the dose of the drug is 200 mg/L, what would the concentration of the drug be after 12 hours?
50
Within which time frame would the nurse anticipate diuresis following the administration of oral furosemide?
60 minutes
32 ounces equals?
960 ml
45 kg equals?
99 lbs
Which patient is at high risk for developing adverse effects from overthe-counter (OTC) drugs?
A 1-year-old child A young woman with glaucoma A woman with diabetes mellitus A 75-year-old man in good health
The nurse questions the use of mannitol for which patient?
A 47-year-old patient with anuria
Which patient would the nurse need to assess initially if the patient is receiving mannitol?
A 47-year-old patient with anuria
Which patients would a nurse determine can safely receive treatment with a statin in the absence of any other factors?
A 48-year-old patient with hyperthyroidism A 55-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Which condition would require teaching about the use of over-the-counter drugs because of the potential for increased adverse reactions?
A chronic illness
A nurse is caring for a patient receiving acetazolamide. Which assessment finding would require immediate nursing intervention?
A decrease in arterial pH
Which description correctly defines a nursing diagnosis?
A diagnosis based on information found in the nursing assessment regarding patient responses to actual or potential problems
Which effect indicates that a patient is experiencing a side effect of enalapril?
A dry, hacking cough
Which therapeutic response would be expected in a patient with Parkinson ' s disease who receives cholinergic-blocking therapy?
A reduction in muscle rigidity and tremors
A patient with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder has accidentally consumed an excess dose of prescribed amphetamine. Which type of medication will the nurse expect to administer?
A sedative
Which information would the nurse include in patient education to promote adherence to a therapeutic regimen of fluoxetine to treat anxiety for a patient who has been taking the medication for 2 weeks?
A therapeutic effect can be expected in another 2 to 4 weeks.
Which intervention could the nurse add to the plan of care to support cognitive function in a patient who will begin donepezil for the treatment of Alzheimer dementia?
A walking program at least once a week
Which treatment is appropriate for a patient who is admitted with a cholinergic-blocker overdose?
Activated charcoal administration Continuous blood pressure monitoring Continuous electrocardiogram monitoring
Which mechanism of albuterol reduces airway resistance?
Activation of beta2-mediated bronchodilators
Which type of pharmacotherapeutics is needed to sustain life and treat disease?
Acute
Which piece of objective data contraindicates the use of clozapine?
Acute lymphocytic leukemia
A nurse is educating a patient who is prescribed warfarin to avoid taking aspirin and explains that taking both drugs together may cause excessive bleeding. Which phenomenon is the nurse teaching about?
Additive
To determine patient response to drug therapy, which factors would the nurse evaluate?
Adherence Adverse effects Patient satisfaction Therapeutic response
The nurse is assessing a patient who is taking furosemide. The patient's potassium level is 3.4 mEq/L, the chloride level is 90 mmol/L, and the sodium level is 140 mEq/L. Based on the nurse's understanding of the laboratory results, which prescribed therapy can the nurse anticipate administering?
Administer 2 mEq potassium chloride per kilogram per day intravenously
Which assessment data will the nurse obtain before administering oxybutynin?
Ability to urinate
Which conditions decrease blood flow to tissues, thereby reducing the effectiveness of drug therapy?
Abscess Solid tumor
Which assessment finding constitutes a contraindication for the administration of mannitol in a patient with acute renal failure?
Accumulation of fluid in the lungs
Which teaching is a priority when a nurse is providing education to parents about acetaminophen administration to their child that has otitis medica?
Accurate dose
In order to help prevent liver failure in a patient who drinks alcohol frequently, which drug will the nurse instruct the patient to avoid?
Acetaminophen
The nurse associates use of which OTC medication with the development of hepatotoxicity
Acetaminophen
The nurse is assessing a patient who has lower-extremity edema. The nurse learns that the patient is a mountain climber and has been suffering from headaches, nausea, and shortness of breath for the last few days. Which drug would the nurse expect the primary health care provider to prescribe for the patient?
Acetazolamide
Which adjunct drug is useful in the long-term management of open angle glaucoma?
Acetazolamide
Which drug may cause melena as a side effect?
Acetazolamide
A patient is prescribed high-dose acetaminophen for long-term treatment of pain. Which medication may be part of the patient's treatment plan to prevent complications associated with acetaminophen toxicity?
Acetylcysteine
While admitting a patient for treatment of an acetaminophen overdose, the nurse would prepare to administer which medication to prevent toxicity?
Acetylcysteine
Which foods would the nurse instruct a patient who is taking selegiline to avoid?
Aged cheeses Red wine Bananas
Which laboratory value(s) would the nurse follow for a patient who has been taking buspirone regularly?
Alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST)
Which item taken with adrenergic drugs causes additive central nervous system (CNS) depression?
Alcohol
Which substance is abused most by the adolescent population?
Alcohol
Which substances interact with phenytoin to cause increased central nervous system (CNS) depression?
Alcohol Cimetidine
The nurse educates a patient to avoid which drugs while taking muscle relaxants?
Alcohol Kava kava Valerian
The nurse will instruct a patient who has been taking alprazolam to avoid which substance to help prevent intensification of this medication's adverse effects?
Alcohol Opioids Antihistamines Muscle relaxants
Atorvastatin can be dangerous when mixed with
Alcohol and grapefruit juice
An inpatient prescribed disulfiram reports throbbing headache and nausea to the nurse. On further assessment, the nurse finds that the patient has a flushed face and low blood pressure. After these symptoms abated, the patient slept for a long time. Which condition is the patient being treated for?
Alcohol withdrawal
Which therapeutic action is intended from spironolactone prescribed to an infant for heart failure?
Aldosterone-inhibiting activity
Which antihypertensive drug has a black box warning?
Aliskiren
Which nursing assessments, if applicable, must be completed before the administration of midazolam?
Allergy history Medication history Blood pressure Pregnancy test
A patient with alcoholism has a blood pressure of 200/140 mm Hg and is agitated and having tremors. Which drug does the nurse expect to be prescribed for this patient?
Alprazolam
Which term describes the use of herbal products and other nontraditional remedies for treating illness?
Alternative medicine
A 51-year-old male patient has been prescribed lovastatin 40 mg PO each evening to help lower his low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. In addition to lovastatin, this patient also takes pantoprazole for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), amiodarone for atrial fibrillation, tamsulosin for benign prostatic hyperplasia, and lisinopril for hypertension. Which medication could cause a potential drug interaction with lovastatin?
Amiodarone
A nurse is assessing a patient who underwent treatment for attention-deficit disorder. The patient is experiencing hypersomnia, suicidal thoughts, and hyperphagia. The nurse suspects the patient is withdrawing from which medication?
Amphetamine
A drug administration error occurred resulting in myocardial infarction; after investigation, it was determined the error was category H. Which statement accurately describes the error?
An error occurred that resulted in a near-death event.
A drug administration error occurred; after investigation, it was determined the error was category D. Which statement accurately describes the error?
An error occurred that resulted in the need for increased patient monitoring but no patient harm
Which medication is a commonly used over-the-counter (OTC) product?
Analgesics Histamine blockers Topical medications
Potential side effect of an ACE inhibitor
Angioedema
Which adverse effect would require immediate medical attention for a patient who is taking an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor?
Angioedema
Which finding in a patient's history is a contraindication to the administration of a cholinergic-blocking medication?
Angle-closure glaucoma
Which patient condition is a contraindication to preoperatively receiving glycopyrrolate?
Angle-closure glaucoma
Which condition listed in the patients' medical history could be a contraindication to administration of morphine sulfate?
Asthma
Which condition is contraindicated for therapy with pyridostigmine?
Asthma Coronary artery disease
Which instruction would the nurse provide to a patient regarding the properties of an enteric-coated drug preparation?
Anticholinergic drugs may negate the effect of the enteric coating Dissolution of the drug in the stomach is prevented.
Which class of drugs reduces the efficacy of phenothiazine and should be avoided?
Anticholinergics
Which class of medication found in the patient's prescription is responsible for constipation and urinary retention in a patient who takes nortriptyline for depression?
Anticholinergics
Hydralazine is used as an:
Antihypertensive
The nurse would explain to a patient that fluphenazine is incompatible with which beverage?
Apple juice
A patient in the emergency department is experiencing tremors, agitation, and insomnia. The medical history reveals that the patient is being treated for alcoholism. After assessment, the patient was found to have a systolic blood pressure of 210 mm Hg, a diastolic blood pressure of 150 mm Hg, a pulse rate of 160 beats/min, and body temperature of 104° F. Which intervention does the nurse implement in this situation?
Applying restraints Providing thiamine supplementation Administering intravenous benzodiazepine
A patient's work schedule is changed from the night shift to the morning shift after 3 months. The patient tells the nurse, "I feel too sleepy in the morning hours, so I am unable to properly work in the office." Which medication will be prescribed to the patient?
Armodafinil
Which cue is a symptom of opioid withdrawal?
Arthralgia
When the nurse is monitoring several patients to receive warfarin, which patient indicates a high risk for hemorrhage with standard dosing?
Asian ancestry using gingko supplements
The nurse is caring for a patient who is undergoing diuretic therapy to relieve hypertension. Which intervention is used by the nurse to assess hypotensive episodes?
Ask the patient about signs like tingling of fingers and dizziness.
A patient is admitted to the emergency department with a diagnosis of " acetaminophen overdose." Which lab value is essential for the nurse to assess?
Aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels
Which intervention would the nurse perform when monitoring a patient receiving triamterene?
Assess potassium levels.
Which action would the nurse take for a patient who has tachycardia and pupil dilation after administration of 5 mg of atropine?
Assess respiratory status. Stop further doses of the medication Inform the primary health care provider
The nurse assesses a patient who is receiving methadone hydrochloride and notes a respiratory rate of 10 breaths/min. Which action by the nurse is a priority?
Assess the patient's neurologic status.
Thirty minutes after surgery the nurse in the postanesthesia care unit (PACU) notes that a patient has a respiratory rate of 6 breaths/min. Which action is the nurse's priority?
Assess the patients' responsiveness
A patient is taking hydrochlorothiazide. On assessment, the nurse notices the patient has muscle weakness and hypotension. Which intervention would the nurse initiallytake?
Assess the serum potassium level
Rivastigmine must be used with caution in patients with which condition?
Asthma
Which drug is contraindicated in a patient with a peptic ulcer and who has chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?
Caffeine
Which medication may be prescribed to minimize breathing difficulty in an infant with dyspnea who is treated with high-pressure mechanical ventilation and who develops bronchopulmonary dysplasia?
Caffeine
The nurse is preparing to administer rivastigmine to a patient. The prescription states to administer 8 mg b.i.d. The pharmacy sends four 2-mg tablets for the morning dose. Which action would the nurse take?
Call the health care provider for a prescription change.
The nurse receives a prescription from the health care provider to administer bethanechol intravenously. Which action by the nurse is appropriate?
Call the health care provider to get the prescription changed to the oral form.
The health care provider prescribes buspirone intramuscularly. Which nursing action is appropriate?
Call the health care provider to verify the route.
A patient has started on a fentanyl patch. After 3 hours, the patient continues to complain of pain of "8 on a scale of 0 to 10." Which action would the nurse take?
Call the primary health care provider
Which antihypertensive drug would the nurse most likely anticipate administering for the patient who is hypertensive with liver dysfunction?
Captopril
Which drug is beneficial in the treatment of liver dysfunction?
Captopril
Which statement about the mechanism of action of carbidopa is accurate?
Carbidopa has no therapeutic effect on its own.
Which statement explains the action of carbidopa-levodopa?
Carbidopa prevents levodopa decarboxylation in the periphery, resulting in more levodopa being transported to the brain.
Which statement about carbidopa-levodopa is accurate?
Carbidopa-levodopa should not be stopped abruptly.
Which class of diuretics is indicated for the treatment of glaucoma?
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
Which condition may be exacerbated by using caffeine?
Cardiac dysrhythmias
A patient taking spironolactone has been taught about the medication. Which menu selection indicates that the patient understands teaching related to this medication?
Carrots
Which antihypertensive drug has asthma as a contraindication?
Carvedilol
Which is the primary action site for serotonin agonists?
Cerebrovascular system
Which supplement found on a patient's list of medications would warrant concern for a patient newly admitted with a pulmonary embolism?
Chamomile
The nurse is caring for a patient with newly diagnosed hypertension who has been prescribed metoprolol. Which teaching would the nurse include?
Change positions slowly.
The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving digoxin and acetazolamide therapy. Which action by the nurse is necessary to prevent adverse effects?
Check the patient's potassium levels in the lab reports.
When monitoring a patient for adverse effects related to morphine sulfate, the nurse assesses for stimulation of which response?
Chemoreceptor trigger zone
Which common adverse effect does the nurse anticipate in a patient after standard drug therapy for a throbbing, pulsating headache on one side of the head with aura?
Chest congestion
Bethanechol binds with which receptors to cause activation?
Cholinergic
Which names describe the class of drugs that affect the parasympathetic nervous system?
Cholinergic agonists Parasympatholytics
Which assessment findings indicate effectiveness of albuterol?
Clear breath sounds Oxygen saturation 95%
After stopping morphine therapy for acute pain after knee replacement surgery, the patient has nausea, dysphoria, lacrimation, and piloerection. Further assessment reveals the patient's increased desire to ingest opioids. Which medication does the nurse expect to be beneficial to the patient?
Clonidine Methadone
A patient who has type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) will begin taking phenytoin to treat seizures. Which ongoing assessment will the nurse complete on this patient?
Close monitoring of serum glucose
Which opioid is used to relieve coughing?
Codeine sulfate
Which assessment would the nurse perform to determine the potential for experiencing adverse effects for a patient who takes several herbal and over-the-counter medications?
Cognitive level and motor abilities
Which food can be included in the diet of a patient who is taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors?
Cottage cheese
The nurse administered midazolam intravenously. Which assessment, if noted by the nurse, would require immediate intervention?
Cough
Which herb or dietary supplement would the nurse teach a patient in acute renal failure to avoid?
Cranberry
A patient taking atorvastatin is experiencing the adverse effect of myositis. Which manifestations would a nurse expect to see in this patient?
Creatine kinase (CK) elevation Muscle inflammation Muscle pain
Which instructions would the nurse provide to a patient who has been prescribed diazepam?
Crush the tablet and mix it with applesauce. This drug can be taken with or without food. The oral concentrate form of diazepam can be diluted with water.
A patient who is a drug addict tells the nurse, "I get a better kick if I smoke it than when I swallow it." Which drug does the nurse expect the patient to be abusing?
Crystallized methamphetamine
Which side effect of bethanechol is the nurse managing by performing frequent oral care?
Excessive salivation
Kidney stones and urinary obstruction alter which pharmacokinetic principle?
Excretion
Which information would the nurse teach a patient about how aripiprazole affects dopamine?
Exerts a moderate block of dopamine receptors
A patient is to receive an intramuscular injection of a drug that has a high first-pass effect but asks for an oral preparation of the drug instead. Which action would the nurse choose in this situation?
Explain to the patient that the drug becomes inactive if it is taken orally Explain to the patient that the drug will have a reduced effect if it is taken orally.
Match the factor affecting absorption with its characteristics.
Explains why oral drugs are formulated to be absorbed from small intestine - Rate of blood flow Drug that easily crosses membranes that separate it from the blood - Duration of action Process where drug accumulates on side of membrane favoring its ionization - Surface area Solutions have a faster onset than capsules due to this factor - Lipid soluble
The nurse would assess for which finding in a patient taking fluphenazine who reports tremors and neck spasms?
Extrapyramidal symptoms
Which nursing diagnoses are appropriate for a patient with a hip fracture?
Fall risk Acute pain
"High Fowler's positioning should be used for patients who have spinal headache."
False
A medication has a half-life of six hours, which means only half the medication is needed in six hours.
False
Carbidopa-levodopa is combined to reduce the amount of carbidopa needed to treat Parkinson Disease
False
Fentanyl and morphine are normally used for acute pain on a scale of 1-5
False
Loop diuretics are generally not as effective as thiazide diuretics
False
Patients taking muscle relaxants are at high risk of developing hypertension.
False
The maintenance range for lithium is 0.9 - 1.4 mEq/L
False
You cannot drink alcohol for 7 days after stopping disulfiram therapy?
False
Which patient data would the nurse check to help prevent complications of the pharmacotherapy with a patient taking risperidone who has a necrotic foot ulcer that started as a minor scratch?
Fasting blood glucose
Which laboratory value would the nurse report to the health care provider as a potential adverse response to hydrochlorothiazide?
Fasting blood glucose level of 140 mg/dL
Which is an adverse effect of orlistat therapy?
Fecal incontinence
Drugs are excreted by which routes?
Feces Lungs Breast milk
In which substances is aripiprazole excreted?
Feces Urine
A nurse would instruct patients taking phenytoin to report which side effects?
Fever Dizziness Bleeding gums
The charge nurse is teaching a new nurse about beta blockers. Which teaching would the nurse include?
First-generation beta blockers are nonselective and block beta1 and beta2 receptors.
A patient received the benzodiazepine midazolam to aid with anesthesia. Which drug may the nurse administer to the patient after the surgery to reverse the sedative effect of the midazolam?
Flumazenil
Two unresponsive patients are carried by friends into the emergency department. The patients' friends tell you they were too scared to call 911 because they were "popping roofies." Which medication would the nurse expect to administer to these patients?
Flumazenil
Which antagonist may be used to treat an overdose of oxazepam?
Flumazenil
If a drug has a high first-pass effect, which statement about the drug is appropriate?
Formation of inactive metabolites is high in the liver.
Which intervention is required when physostigmine is administered to treat a cholinergic blocker overdose?
Frequent cardiac assessments
Information from which sources would be classified as subjective data?
Friends Family members Patient
A patient with hypertension is receiving spironolactone therapy. The nurse notices that the patient's serum potassium level is 6.2 mEq/L. What would the nurse anticipate will be prescribed for the patient?
Furosemide
The nurse is caring for a patient who has heart failure and has developed bilateral crackles in the lungs. Based on onset of action, which diuretic would the nurse anticipate to be prescribed to quickly decrease the fluid?
Furosemide
The nurse is caring for a patient who has heart failure that resulted from diastolic dysfunction. The patient's medical history indicates that the patient has a history of chronic kidney disease. Which drug would the nurse anticipate will be prescribed for the patient?
Furosemide
When reviewing the laboratory reports of a patient who is taking triamterene, the nurse finds that the creatinine clearance of the patient is 9 mL/min. Which drug would the nurse expect the primary health care provider to prescribe?
Furosemide
Which drug is the strongest diuretic?
Furosemide
Which drug is used cautiously in patients with a sulfa drug allergy?
Furosemide
The nurse is assessing a patient who has been prescribed diuretics. On reviewing the patient's laboratory reports, the nurse finds that the patient's creatinine clearance rate is 20 mL/min. Which dosage regimen would the nurse expect the provider to prescribe?
Furosemide 5 mg/kg/day by mouth in the morning in a single dose
The nurse will advise a patient receiving opioid analgesics for chronic pain to perform which action to minimize the gastrointestinal (GI) side effects?
Increase fluid and fiber in the diet
Which cardiovascular effects would the nurse monitor for in a patient after the administration of epinephrine?
Increase in heart rate Peripheral vasoconstriction Increase in systolic blood pressure
A patient has been taking carbidopa-levodopa for many years. During assessment, the nurse finds that the patient presents with hand tremors, drooling, and a mask-like facial expression. Which action would the nurse anticipate incorporating into the plan of care?
Increase in medication dosage
Which intervention would be included in the plan of care for a patient who reports constipation after receiving the adrenergic medication clonidine?
Increase the amount of fruits and vegetables in the diet. Inform the patient that this is a common side effect of the medication. Discuss incorporation of psyllium-based products in the plan of care with the health care provider.
After administration of edrophonium, which evaluation is a positive result?
Increased arm strength
Which assessment finding would the nurse expect after administering phentermine?
Increased blood pressure
Which finding indicates donepezil is having a therapeutic effect?
Increased cognition
A patient reveals taking daily ibuprofen for chronic back pain. On reviewing the patient's medical history, the nurse learns that the patient is also taking furosemide for high blood pressure. What would the nurse anticipate that the primary health care provider will prescribe?
Increased dose of furosemide
A patient with hypertension has been prescribed furosemide. On reviewing the patient's medical history, the nurse learns that the patient is also taking ibuprofen for rheumatoid arthritis. Which action would the nurse anticipate the primary health care provider will prescribe?
Increased dose of furosemide
Which assessment finding would the nurse interpret as a therapeutic effect of atropine?
Increased heart rate
Which side effect would the nurse monitor a patient for after administering albuterol via inhalation?
Increased heart rate
Which therapeutic effect of atropine is expected after administration?
Increased heart rate
Which assessment outcome indicates a therapeutic effect of the administration of pyridostigmine to a patient who has myasthenia gravis?
Increased muscle strength
Which effect may occur when theophylline and rivastigmine are administered together?
Increased risk for theophylline toxicity
Which assessment finding indicates a therapeutic effect for a patient taking an alpha1 blocker?
Increased urinary output
Which statement correctly explains the action of rivastigmine?
Increases availability of acetylcholine in the neuron receptors
A patient who has received a prescription for lovastatin asks the nurse why grapefruit and grapefruit juice should ideally be avoided. Which explanation would the nurse provide?
Increases risk for rhabdomyolysis
Which statement describes how drug errors are addressed in a system that operates according to principles associated with Just Culture?
Individuals are encouraged to report drug errors so that the system may be repaired.
Which topic would the nurse include to teach a patient about the consequences of using over-the-counter (OTC) drugs for long periods without medical consultation?
Ineffective management of chronic diseases
Which route of drug administration delivers drugs directly to the tissue where they exert their actions?
Inhalational
Which phrase accurately describes a statin's mechanism of action?
Inhibition of the enzyme hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase
Which action would the nurse expect the health care provider to take when prescribing antibiotic therapy to a patient who has end-stage renal disease?
Initiate therapy with a lower-than-recommended dose
Which intervention will increase peristalsis postoperatively in a patient who has not had a bowel movement and who has hypoactive bowel sounds?
Inject bethanechol. Provide a high-fiber diet. Administer a stool softener Ambulate the patient as tolerated Increase fluid intake as tolerated.
Benzodiazepine-like drugs are used primarily for the treatment of which condition?
Insomnia
The nurse would recommend taking amphetamine aspartate for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) 4 to 6 hours before bed to prevent which condition?
Insomnia
Which side effect would the nurse monitor for in a patient taking analeptics?
Insomnia
Which would be considered an alcohol w/d symptom?
Insomnia
Zolpidem is used for?
Insomnia
Which is the current indication for tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)?
Insomnia Childhood enuresis Neuropathic pain syndrome
Which potential adverse effect would the nurse include in the patient teaching regarding methylphenidate for narcolepsy?
Insomnia Headache Weight loss
Which information would the nurse include regarding adverse effects when teaching a patient and family about a new prescription for donepezil (Aricept)?
Insomnia Hypotension Gastrointestinal (GI) upset
Which action would the nurse take when a patient diagnosed with erectile dysfunction tells the nurse he takes his medication with grapefruit every morning?
Instruct the patient to avoid grapefruit.
The primary health care provider reviews the medical history of a patient who is receiving buspirone. The health care provider instructs the nurse to continuously monitor the patient's blood pressure to prevent hypertension due to a drug interaction. Which other medication is the patient taking?
Monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI)
Potencies of analgesics are determined using an equianalgesic table comparing doses of these drugs with which prototype?
Morphine
Which medication would the nurse instruct an otherwise healthy patient to avoid while taking midazolam?
Morphine
Which intervention will assist the patient in coping with orthostatic hypotension caused by cholinergic drug therapy?
Move from a sitting to standing position slowly.
Match each step in renal drug excretion to its definition.
Moves drugs from blood to urine - Glomerular Filtration Lipid-soluble drugs move back into the blood - Passive Tubular Reabsorption "Pumps" for organic acids and bases move drugs from blood to urine - Active Tubular Secretion
Which receptors are categorized as cholinergic?
Muscarinic Nicotinic
Atorvastatin can cause
Muscle pain
The nurse will teach the patient that cyclobenzaprine can relieve which symptoms?
Muscle stiffness Localized muscle spasms Pain with range of motion
Which condition is contraindicated to the use of anticholinergics?
Myasthenia gravis
Which side effect is associated with the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?
Myocardial infarction Cerebrovascular accident Gastrointestinal ulceration
Which cue is a common symptom of serotonin syndrome?
Myoclonus
Which drug is an opioid agonist-antagonist?
Nalbuphine Butorphanol Buprenorphine
A postoperative patient is receiving an epidural infusion of morphine sulfate. The patient's respiratory rate decreases to 8 breaths/min. Which medication would the nurse administer after attempting to have the patient respond to verbal and tactile stimuli?
Naloxone
Which medication is used to treat a patient experiencing severe adverse effects of an opioid analgesic?
Naloxone
Which medication is most suitable for a patient with alcohol addiction and opioid dependence?
Naltrexone
Which drug is indicated as first-line abortive therapy for migraine headaches?
Naratriptan Zolmitriptan
The presence of which conditions are contraindications to treatment with atropine?
Narrow-angle glaucoma Tachycardia Benign prostatic hypertrophy
Which assessment finding will the nurse anticipate for a patient who self-administered extra doses of pyridostigmine to improve mobility when experiencing an upper respiratory infection?
Nausea Apical pulse of 56 beats per minute
The nurse would monitor an adult patient for which side effects commonly associated with aripiprazole?
Nausea Extrapyramidal disorder Insomnia Akathisia
Which outcome is an adverse effect of Chrysanthemum parthenium?
Nausea Joint pain Muscle stiffness
Which assessment finding does the nurse determine is a possible adverse effect associated with morphine sulfate administration?
Nausea Urinary retention Decreased peristalsis Delayed gastric emptying
A patient has taken an excessive dose of acetaminophen for pain management. Which adverse effect associated with acetaminophen is likely to be found in the patient?
Nausea Vomiting Elevated liver enzymes
Which instruction would the nurse provide a patient taking cyclobenzaprine to avoid dizziness and fainting?
Stand slowly from a sitting position Maintain adequate hydration
Which symptom would the nurse report to the health care provider for a patient taking spironolactone?
Nausea/vomiting
Which antihypertensive drug is said to cause a lesser degree of sexual dysfunction?
Nebivolol
Which definition is characteristic of drug tolerance?
Need for increased doses of a drug to get the desired effect
Which phrase describes drug tolerance?
Need for increased doses of a drug to get the desired effect
Which drug is indicated in the treatment of myasthenia gravis?
Neostigmine
Which drug is used to reverse the effects of nondepolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs after surgery?
Neostigmine Pyridostigmine Physostigmine
The nurse would educate the patient about which common side effect associated with albuterol?
Nervousness
Which assessment is essential before a patient is started on memantine therapy?
Neurologic status Cardiovascular status Gastrourinary (GU) status Assess for suicidal tendencies
Which drug will the nurse expect to administer to cease immediate cigarette craving in a patient being treated at a rehabilitation center?
Nicotine chewing gum
Which information is true concerning cholinergic stimulation?
Nicotinic-receptor stimulation causes increased blood pressure. Muscarinic-receptor stimulation causes increased gastrointestinal motility Nicotinic-receptor stimulation causes increased contraction of skeletal muscle.
The nurse is assessing a patient who underwent surgery and is prescribed oxycodone. Which assessment finding requires the nurse to take action?
No bowel movement in 72 hours
Which mechanism of action is being described when an antibiotic drug causes the destruction of bacterial cell walls?
Nonselective interaction
The patient is experiencing muscle weakness and increased salivation after receiving a cholinergic medication. Which action by the nurse is the priority?
Notify the health care provider about potential cholinergic overdose.
Which action would the nurse perform for a patient who is scheduled to begin treatment with carvedilol and reports frequent episodes of asthma?
Notify the health care provider of this information.
A patient reports using an EpiPen an average of four times weekly. Which action would the nurse take?
Notify the health care provider.
Which action would the nurse take for a patient who takes bosentan and is diagnosed with liver disease?
Notify the health care provider.
A nurse notes in the electronic health records that the patient was constantly twisting his or her wedding band during the admission assessment. Which type of data collection does this fall under?
Objective
Which measure could be taken to reverse the toxic effects of acetaminophen after overdose?
Obtain blood work. Ensure a patent airway Administer acetylcysteine. Administer activated charcoal
The nurse notes in the medical administration record (MAR) that a nurse from the previous shift administered buspirone to a patient who is also taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). Which actions would the nurse take?
Perform a focused assessment on the patient. Contact the health care provider.
Which patient is a poor candidate for therapy with diazepam to treat generalized anxiety disorder?
One with a history of alcoholism
Which statement is accurate about the pharmacodynamics of topical rivastigmine?
Onset of action is 0.5 to 1 hour.
Which assessment finding requires further consultation with the health care provider if the patient was prescribed sumatriptan 4 mg subcutaneous after presenting in the emergency department at 1600 for an unrelieved migraine?
Onset of confusion Slurred speech Blood pressure of 168/94 mmHg Two previous sumatriptan injections at 0800 and 1200
Which advice would the nurse give a patient who has been prescribed an antibiotic capsule to treat pharyngitis and is reluctant to swallow the capsule?
Open the capsule and sprinkle the granules on soft food.
While obtaining a medication history for a newly admitted patient, the nurse notes that the patient is currently prescribed naltrexone. The nurse would further question the patient regarding a history of which type of abuse?
Opioid abuse
Findings from a nursing assessment of a patient in the emergency department include mydriasis, rhinorrhea, diaphoresis, lacrimation, blood pressure 160/84 mm Hg, heart rate 116 beats/min, and respiratory rate 24 breaths/min. Which condition would the nurse suspect?
Opioid withdrawal
The nurse finds that the patient's Substance Abuse Subtle Screening Inventory (SASSI) screening is positive, and on further testing finds that the patient has a decreased respiratory rate. The nurse will infer abuse of which substance from these findings?
Opioids
Which route of administration is preferred for treating xerostomia with pilocarpine?
Oral
Which route of administration will cause a drug to be altered by the first-pass effect?
Oral
Which route of drug administration is most likely to be reversible?
Oral
Which route of tolterodine is available for use?
Oral
Which option could the nurse offer to the family of a patient who has difficulty swallowing donepezil tablets?
Oral disintegrating tablets
Which drug formulation will have the fastest onset of action for an oral drug available in various formulations?
Oral soluble wafer
Which drug did the nurse find in the patient's prescription that would cause the recommendation of consuming carrots regularly?
Orlistat
Which medication inhibits the pancreatic enzyme lipase?
Orlistat
Which side effect would the nurse assess for in a patient taking aripiprazole who nearly falls after standing up?
Orthostatic hypotension
Which class of diuretic drugs act at the descending loop of Henle?
Osmotic diuretics
Which class of diuretics is used to manage increased intracranial pressure?
Osmotic diuretics
Which mood-stabilizing drug is used to treat bipolar disorder?
Oxcarbazepine Lithium carbonate
Which anticholinergic is available in the form of a transdermal patch and is used to treat overactive bladder?
Oxybutynin
Which enzyme is responsible for the metabolism of drugs in the liver during first-pass metabolism?
P450 enzymes
Which screening tool does the nurse use to assess an adolescent for possible substance abuse?
POSIT
Which factor would the nurse consider while planning pharmacologic therapy for a patient with pain?
Pain relief is best obtained by administering analgesics around the clock.
Incorporating religious considerations into the implementation of drug therapy relates to which component?
Patient education
Match the type of error to the example.
Patient given written drug information but does not admit they cannot read - Errors in patient education Nurse administers an antihypertensive without checking blood pressure - Errors in baseline assessment Nurse does not enter patient response to analgesic in EHR - Errors in documentation Nurse does not assess patient after administering PRN drug - Errors in evaluation of patient response to drug
Which assessment finding would be of greatest concern to the nurse after administration of epinephrine?
Patient report of chest pain
The nurse understands that phenytoin should be used with caution in patients with which comorbid conditions?
Porphyria Hypothyroidism Cardiac disease
Supplements of this electrolyte often accompany administration of most diuretics.
Potassium
Match the class of diuretic with the drug most commonly prescribed from that class.
Potassium-sparing diuretic - Spironolactone Loop diuretic - Furosemide Thiazide diuretic - Hydrochlorothiazide
A patient who is undergoing oral therapy with loop diuretics tells the nurse, "I do not feel like eating food after initiating the therapy. I feel nauseous and lethargic." The blood pressure of the patient is determined to be 100/65 mm Hg. Which intervention will the health care provider prescribe in this situation?
Potassium-sparing diuretic with loop diuretic
An insurance company is requiring a patient receiving pitavastatin 2 mg to switch to another statin to receive coverage. Which statins and doses are therapeutically equivalent to pitavastatin 2 mg?
Pravastatin 40 mg Simvastatin 20 mg Rosuvastatin 5 mg
Which condition does the nurse monitor for while administering flumazenil for an overdose of diazepam?
Presence of seizures
An adult with a long history of multiple hospitalizations for alcohol withdrawal is brought to the emergency department. The health care provider prescribes daily administration of thiamine. Which goal is the rationale for this prescription?
Prevent Wernicke's encephalopathy
Which phrase describes the primary use of albuterol for a patient with emphysema?
Prevent bronchospasm
Which statement most clearly defines an error in drug administration?
Preventable event that leads to inappropriate drug use or patient harm
Which antihypertensive agent would the nurse avoid administering to a patient with diabetes mellitus?
Propranolol
Which interventions related to drug therapy are part of the planning phase of the nursing process?
Providing patient education Enhancing therapeutic effects Minimizing drug interactions
Which medication can be manufactured as the street drug methamphetamine?
Pseudoephedrine
Which over-the-counter product is now controlled because it has been used to manufacture methamphetamine?
Pseudoephedrine
A patient currently prescribed duloxetine comes to the health clinic complaining of restlessness, agitation, diaphoresis, and tremors. The nurse suspects serotonin syndrome and questions the patient regarding concurrent use of which substance?
St. John's wort
Which medication may be administered to a patient who has myasthenia gravis?
Pyridostigmine
A patient admitted to the unit is prescribed oral naltrexone hydrochloride daily. Which admission assessment would the nurse include for the patient?
Questions regarding past history of drug and alcohol use
Which cue will the nurse monitor for in a patient who had rivastigmine discontinued after hospitalization for complications and will not resume the medication?
Rapid cognitive changes with decline
Which potential adverse effect would the nurse assess for in a toddler who has been taking an over-the-counter (OTC) cold product for the past week?
Rapid heart rate Onset of seizures Increased lethargy
Which statement would the nurse teach the patient about taking acetaminophen with an over-the-counter cold medication?
Read the labels carefully.
A patient calls the clinic 1 week after beginning therapy with phenytoin to report urine that is pinkish red. How would the nurse respond?
Reassure the patient that this is a harmless side effect of phenytoin.
Which condition could cause adverse effects from the administration of cholinergic-blocking medications?
Recent heart surgery Down syndrome Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Which statements regarding the rectal administration of drugs are accurate?
Rectal drugs are rapidly absorbed. Absorption of rectal drugs is unpredictable. Defecation can interrupt absorption of rectal drugs.
Which types of cells are destroyed as a result of an idiosyncratic reaction in a patient with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency with certain medications?
Red blood cells
Which cue suggests a potential complication in a patient who uses the maximum recommended number of cranberry supplements daily?
Reduced renal function
Which goal does antihypertensive therapy aim for?
Reducing renal morbidity and mortality
A patient diagnosed with cholecystitis reports pain in the back and scapular areas. The nurse infers that the patient has which type of pain?
Referred pain
In which way does caffeine help to ease neonatal apnea?
Relaxes the bronchial smooth muscle Increases sensitivity to carbon dioxide Supports a regular pattern of breathing Blocks the action of cerebral adenosine
Which condition would require the nurse to advise the patient to avoid the use of over-the-counter (OTC) drugs?
Renal failure Liver disease Cardiac dysfunction
Which intervention would the nurse incorporate while caring for a patient who experiences furosemide toxicity?
Replace fluids and electrolytes
The nurse caring for a patient receiving cisplatin notes extravasation of the intravenous (IV) fluid when the patient reported IV site pain. Even though the antidote (sodium thiosulfate) to cisplatin was administered, the patient experienced extensive tissue necrosis around the insertion site and required multiple skin grafts. Which feelings might the nurse experience after the drug administration error?
Self-doubt Suicidal ideation Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Which action would the nurse expect to perform for a patient who has developed toxicity while receiving lisinopril?
Send the patient for hemodialysis.
Which second-generation antidepressant medication interacts with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)?
Serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs)
Which clinical condition could result from a patient taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) and self-medicating with St. John's wort?
Serotonin syndrome
A patient who regularly takes acetaminophen returns to the clinic for a follow-up visit. Which assessment finding indicates the need for a change in the patient's therapy?
Serum bilirubin 3.2 mg/dL
Which is the most essential assessment to evaluate for a patient who has been receiving a sodium nitroprusside infusion for 4 days?
Serum cyanide level
A patient who has a seizure disorder has begun taking phenytoin. To ensure effectiveness of the drug, which laboratory value will the nurse monitor?
Serum drug levels
Which laboratory result(s) would a nurse monitor for a patient taking an atypical antipsychotic drug?
Serum glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides
Which time frame would the nurse include in patient teaching to explain how long it will take for escitalopram to be completely effective?
Several weeks
Which condition is a contraindication for the administration of acetaminophen?
Severe liver disease
Transdermal fentanyl is indicated for which type of pain?
Severe pain resulting from cancer metastasis
Which symptom does the nurse monitor for with a patient who is taking tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) therapy for the treatment of insomnia and phenelzine?
Shivering Hyperthermia Muscle spasms
Scheduled drug class I are
Show no therapeutic use
Which drug is commonly known as Viagra?
Sildenafil
What condition determines the potency of a diuretic medication?
Site of mechanism of action
Which symptom does the nurse expect to find in a patient with narcolepsy?
Skeletal muscle weakness
Somatic pain originates from which location in the body?
Skeletal muscles, ligaments, and joints
A nurse is caring for a patient who is taking bupropion. Effective treatment is indicated when the patient no longer has which characteristic?
Smokes cigarettes
Which is another approved and indicated use for bupropion, a second-generation antidepressant?
Smoking cessation
Before administering lithium to a patient, it is most important for the nurse to assess which laboratory value?
Sodium
Which medication increases the rate of urinary elimination of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) in the event of an overdose?
Sodium bicarbonate
Which cue is indicative of a benzodiazepine overdose?
Somnolence
Which information requires another source other than the label for the nurse to properly review an over-the-counter herbal product for a patient looking for options to improve memory?
Specific curative factors for memory loss
The nurse is caring for a patient who has severe hepatic failure. The patient's blood pressure is 160/100 mm Hg. Which medication would the nurse anticipate that the primary health care provider will prescribe for this patient?
Spironolactone
The nurse would expect to administer which diuretic medication to treat a patient diagnosed with primary hyperaldosteronism?
Spironolactone
Which medication is contraindicated for concurrent use with captopril?
Spironolactone
Which prophylactic therapy would the nurse expect to initiate before a patient has surgery?
Start preoperative antibiotics.
Which statements regarding pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of statins are accurate?
Statins reduce cholesterol production through inhibition of hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase. Hepatocytes increase the number of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors in response to decreased cholesterol synthesis by statins to remove cholesterol from circulation.
Which statement regarding the pharmacokinetics of statins is accurate?
Statins undergo first-pass metabolism through the liver, the primary site of statin activity.
A patient who has been taking phenytoin for several years reports stopping the drug the day before admission to the hospital. Which condition is most important for the nurse to monitor for in this patient?
Status epilepticus
Withdrawal from which substance lasts between 1 and 3 days?
Stimulant
A patient in the emergency department reports headache and weakness and is noted to have dysrhythmias on an electrocardiogram. The patient is talkative, restless, anxious, and asking to leave. The nurse suspects that the patient might be taking which substance of abuse?
Stimulants
Which responses are expected after the administration of a cholinergic agonist?
Stimulation of urination Stimulation of gastrointestinal (GI) tone Pupillary constriction Increase in neuromuscular transmission
At the beginning of a shift, the nurse assesses a 65-year-old patient who is receiving intravenous (IV) phenytoin and notes that the pump is programmed to deliver 50 mg/minute. Which action would the nurse take?
Stop the IV. Notify the health care provider. Assess the patient's blood pressure and heart rate.
Which is the priority nursing action for a patient who has developed a toxic level of sodium nitroprusside?
Stop the infusion of the drug.
Which risk factor for hypertension would be included when teaching a patient why hypertension must be treated?
Stroke Heart failure Cardiovascular disease
Which route can this medication be given? (Cytarabine for injection USP)
Subcutaneous
A patient describes to the nurse that a newly prescribed drug made them feel shaky. Which type of data is this?
Subjective
Which route of administration would be ideal for a patient with acute angina-like chest pain who is to receive nitroglycerin?
Sublingual
Which concern would the nurse have about a patient reporting the usage of over-the-counter cough suppressants several times a day?
Substance misuse
Which food would the nurse teach a patient who is taking estrogen replacement therapy to avoid?
Sugar substitute on grapefruit
Which is an important adverse effect to monitor in a child that has been prescribed atomoxetine for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)?
Suicidal tendencies
A patient with ulcers in the mouth is complaining of pain. Which type of pain is the patient experiencing?
Superficial pain
The nurse is caring for a patient who has oral ulcers. Which type of pain, originating from the skin and mucous membranes, does the patient have?
Superficial pain
A patient diagnosed with thyroid cancer undergoes a thyroidectomy and is prescribed 75 mcg levothyroxine sodium. Which type of therapy has the patient been prescribed?
Supplemental
Varenicline is prescribed for a middle-aged patient for smoking cessation. Which action would the nurse take for this patient?
Telling the patient that nausea and vomiting are likely
Which type of fetal effect might result from administering antibiotic medication to women who are pregnant?
Teratogenic
Why is use of physostigmine as an antidote to an overdose of a cholinergic-blocking agent controversial?
The drug can cause severe adverse effects.
Who is responsible for submitting medication-related information to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)?
The drug manufacturer
Barbiturates have a low therapeutic index. How does the nurse interpret this?
The effective, safe dose is narrow
Which information would be important to include in the teaching plan for a patient who is prescribed clozapine, an atypical antipsychotic medication for schizophreniform disorder?
The importance of promptly reporting flulike symptoms
Which information will the nurse discuss with a parent who carefully washes an oral syringe and places it in the container with the family medications after administering an oral liquid medication?
The importance of separately storing medicine
The nurse needs to be aware that which factor will affect the absorption of orally administered medications?
Time of day pH of the stomach Form of drug preparation Presence of food in the stomach
Which statement is a possible consequence of reclassifying prescription drugs as over-the-counter (OTC) medications?
The medications will be available at a higher cost to the patient.
The nurse teaches a patient that a muscle relaxant should not be abruptly stopped based on which rationale?
To avoid rebound spasms
Which is a clinical use of doxapram?
To increase the rate of respiration To increase the depth of respiration
The primary health care provider instructs the nurse to administer a 20% solution of mannitol to a patient who has cerebral edema. Which information would the nurse recall before administering the drug to the patient?
To maintain normal room temperature
A patient with migraine headaches has been prescribed a combination of acetaminophen, barbiturate, and caffeine. The patient tells the nurse, "I don't think this drug is effective anymore, as I am not having as much pain relief as I had earlier." Which information will the nurse infer from this?
The patient has been taking this medication for a long time
The nurse applies slight pressure on the fingertips of a patient undergoing diuretic therapy. When the pressure is released, the nurse observes that the patient's fingertips have slowly turned pink. How would the nurse interpret this situation?
The patient has decreased cardiac output.
What does the nurse infer from a patient with increased blood glucose levels, increased blood pressure (BP), and abnormal cholesterol levels?
The patient has metabolic syndrome.
The nurse is assessing an older adult diagnosed with severe anxiety who was prescribed clonazepam. The patient's family members inform the nurse that for the last few days, the patient has experienced dizziness and suddenly becomes aggressive and confused. Which does the nurse infer from this behavior?
The patient has withdrawal symptoms of the administered drug.
Interventions were implemented to reduce a patient's pain level to less than 3 on a pain scale and prevent side effects from hydrocodone/acetaminophen. Which assessment data indicates the goal was not met?
The patient is restless and unable to sleep at 0100 hours.
Which reason would the health care provider discontinue phentermine for 2 weeks after reviewing a patient's medical history?
The patient is taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs).
When reviewing a patient's medical records, the nurse finds that the patient had developed an idiosyncratic reaction to aspirin. Which information would the nurse infer?
The patient may have a deficiency of drug-metabolizing enzymes
A patient admitted to the medical unit 3 days ago is now very irritable and restless and says to the nurse, "There are roaches everywhere in this hospital, and they've been crawling on me. I'm so scared of bugs." The nursing admission assessment shows that the patient drinks socially. Which conclusion does the nurse make?
The patient may have minimized alcohol use and may be experiencing withdrawal.
Which assessment may have prompted the administration of flumazenil to a patient who is taking anxiolytic medication?
The patient might have difficulty breathing The patient might have been sleeping for a long time.
Which teaching points would a nurse share with a 33-year-old female patient who was prescribed statin therapy?
The patient should avoid pregnancy while receiving therapy with a statin. Gastrointestinal distress can be minimized by taking with food and/or with at least 6 to 8 oz of water. Ensure she is getting plenty of exercise and a diet rich in vegetables, fruits, and fiber to help lower cholesterol levels.
Which information would the nurse obtain prior to administering furosemide to a patient?
The patient's allergies The patient's serum potassium level The patient's baseline renal function The patient's fluid intake and urine output
Which statements about protein binding are accurate?
The portion of drug that remains unbound is active. The portion of drug that is bound cannot exit blood vessels. Only unbound drugs can exert pharmacologic responses.
Which reason is necessary for monitoring blood sodium levels in a patient with bipolar disorder who takes lithium citrate?
To maintain therapeutic concentration of lithium
For which reason should a patient taking cyclobenzaprine report adverse effects to the health care provider?
To prevent respiratory depression
An elderly patient who has hypertension has been prescribed furosemide. The nurse advises the patient to take the medication in the morning. Which rationale does the nurse give the patient?
To prevent the patient from urinating at night
Which phenomenon is characteristic of highly protein-bound drugs?
The risk of drug-drug interactions is increased.
After reviewing the laboratory reports of a male patient who is taking amiloride, the nurse finds that the patient has renal dysfunction but not hepatic dysfunction. Which finding enabled the nurse to make this conclusion?
The serum creatinine level of the patient is 2.0 mg/100 mL. The blood urea nitrogen (BUN) level of the patient is 40 mg/100 mL. The aspartate aminotransferase (AST) level of the patient is 42 units/L.
Which factor associated with a drug that has a low therapeutic index (TI) would the nurse be aware of?
There is a high possibility that overdose events will occur.
The nurse would include which teaching point when educating the patient about selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor medication?
There is a risk of toxicity when this medication is taken with alcohol.
Which is the primary benefit of taking a parenteral formulation of an antipsychotic medication?
There is increased likelihood of adherence to therapy.
Which information about the risk of over-the-counter (OTC) medications for cough and cold would the nurse include in patient teaching?
These products interact with many prescription drugs
Through which mechanism of action do antiseizure drugs work?
They stabilize nerve cell membranes and suppress the abnormal electrical impulses in the cerebral cortex.
Which vitamin deficiency can result from long-term alcohol abuse and potentially lead to Wernicke ' s encephalopathy?
Thiamin
Which supplement is given to a patient who has severe alcohol withdrawal syndrome?
Thiamine Magnesium
Which type of diuretic would the nurse anticipate will be used as a first-line drug therapy for a patient with hypertension?
Thiazide
The nurse is teaching a patient how thiazide diuretics reduce blood pressure. Which teaching will the nurse include?
Thiazide diuretics act directly on the smallest blood vessels, which causes vasodilation and lowers blood pressure.
Which phrase describes the primary indication for the administration of morphine?
To relieve acute and chronic pain
A patient who reports increasing opioid dosage to get the same effect is experiencing which outcome of opioid use?
Tolerance
Which term is attributed to a condition in which drugs are increasingly ineffective?
Tolerance
Which route of drug administration decreases the likelihood of systemic drug effects?
Topical
Which routes of administration can be used to avoid the first-pass effect?
Topical Intranasal Intravenous Inhalational
Which adverse effect would the nurse monitor for in a patient who is prescribed an angiotension-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and is also taking lithium?
Toxic level of lithium
Which analgesic agent would a nurse avoid to help prevent serotonin syndrome in a patient who takes sertraline for depression?
Tramadol
Computerized health care provider order entry in place of handwritten orders is an example of which strategy for preventing errors in drug administration?
Transcribing
Which route of administration for rivastigmine results in a peak concentration between 8 and 16 hours?
Transdermal
Which route of administration is most likely to be used when a provider prescribes fentanyl as pain relief for palliative care?
Transdermal
The nurse recognizes the need to monitor the patient for which symptom of acute alcohol withdrawal?
Tremors Agitation Hypertension
Which antihypertensive medication is used to treat pulmonary artery hypertension related to severe heart failure?
Treprostinil
Which parameters are expected to decrease with statins?
Triglycerides Total cholesterol Apolipoprotein B-100 Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol
Which medication is used for overactive bladder because of a decreased incidence of side effects such as dry mouth?
Trospium Solifenacin Darifenacin Fesoterodine
All loop diuretic are ototoxic
True
Haloperidol OD can lead to fatal dysrhythmias?
True
Mild anesthesia is a common effect of midazolam?
True
SSRI's interact with MAOI's and anticoagulants
True
Extrapyramidal symptoms are:
Uncontrolled muscle movement
Which is the most appropriate site for the patient apply a transdermal clonidine patch?
Upper arm
After administering bethanechol to a patient after surgery, which system would the nurse assess to determine a therapeutic effect?
Urinary
Bethanechol is used to treat which condition in a postoperative patient?
Urinary atony
Which assessment is essential to determine the therapeutic effect of oxybutynin?
Urinary output
Which of the following is an anticholinergic response?
Urinary retention
Which patient history indicates that it is safe to receive prescribed bethanechol?
Urinary retention from neurogenic atony of the bladder
Which assessment finding may indicate a need for therapy for overactive bladder syndrome?
Urinating every hour Sudden and strong urge to urinate Urinating more than two times at night
Through which route is carbidopa-levodopa excreted?
Urine
A patient asks the nurse about ways to prevent gingival symptoms while taking phenytoin. Which activity will the nurse recommend?
Use a soft-bristled toothbrush.
An older adult patient is prescribed a sedative-hypnotic in the hospital for insomnia. Which nursing actions are appropriate?
Use bed alarms. Provide call light. Keep side rails elevated.
Which information will the nurse provide to the patient receiving atropine?
Use lip balm to prevent dry lips.
Which information is important for the nurse to obtain from a patient who is admitted to the emergency department with signs of liver toxicity?
Use of herbal therapy
Which medication will decrease vasoconstriction by blocking angiotensin II receptor sites?
Valsartan
A patient reports craving cigarettes, irritability, and restlessness. On assessment, a nurse finds that the patient has a decreased heart rate and blood pressure. Which medication does the nurse expect to be beneficial for the patient?
Varenicline
Which drug is a partial nicotine agonist used for smoking cessation?
Varenicline
Ergot alkaloids such as ergotamine tartrate exert a therapeutic effect by causing which effect?
Vasoconstriction
When assessing a patient under general anesthesia, which change to organ systems does the nurse expect?
Vasodilation
Which action would the nurse perform before administering intravenous atropine to a patient who is also receiving an opioid?
Verify the compatibility of drugs to be mixed in the same syringe.
Gallstones produce which type of pain?
Visceral pain
Which assessment is essential to be performed by the nurse before administering donepezil?
Vital signs
Which assessment data will the nurse collect before administering albuterol?
Vital signs Breath sounds
The nurse educates the patient who has been taking zolpidem for more than a year to avoid sudden discontinuation of the drug to minimize which effect?
Vomiting
Which drug would the nurse alert the provider about when the patient is regularly taking it and is newly prescribed amiodarone?
Warfarin
The nurse knows that warfarin is 99% protein bound, whereas bupropion is 84% protein bound. If both of these drugs are administered concurrently, which events could occur?
Warfarin could displace bupropion from its binding site. Bupropion could accumulate to toxic levels.
The liver metabolizes drugs into which component for renal excretion?
Water-soluble substance
The nurse administered oral codeine sulfate to a patient as needed (PRN) for suppression of a nonproductive dry cough. When would the nurse assess to determine whether the medication has been effective?
Within a half hour
The electronic health record indicates that a patient's continuous infusion of heparin intravenously was to be stopped at 1000. At 1900, the nurse notices that the heparin is still running. Which type of error in drug administration is this?
Wrong dose
Which atypical antipsychotic agent is a better medication for a patient with schizophrenia with a poorly healing leg ulcer and hyperglycemia?
Ziprasidone
A patient is prescribed a drug for sleep that has been approved for long-term use. Which medication would the nurse anticipate will be prescribed?
Zolpidem
Before the scheduled dose of opioids, the nurse assesses the patient's vital signs. The respiratory rate is 8 breaths/min, pulse rate is 80 beats/min, and blood pressure is 108/60 mm Hg. Which action would the nurse take first?
Withhold the scheduled opioid dose.
If a drug is protein bound, it means that
the drug can not cause an effect
