Pharmacology Unit 6 chapter 32

A client is in the clinic for seasonal allergic rhinitis. Loratadine (Claritin) is prescribed. Which statement will the nurse include when providing education concerning this drug?

"Determine if the drug is going to make you drowsy before you drive."

A client reports increased sedation after the initiation of chlorpheniramine to treat her allergies. Which antihistamines could the nurse recommend to the client to treat her allergy symptoms that would result in less sedation? (Select all that apply.) -Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) -Clemastine -Loratadine (Claritin) -Cetirizine (Zyrtec) -Phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)

-Loratadine (Claritin) -Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

A male client asks the nurse whether antihistamines will help him cope with the symptoms of the common cold. What is the nurse's best response?

"Antihistamines do not relieve symptoms."

What is one of the benefits related to second generation antihistamine administration in older adults?

they do not impair thinking

A nurse is teaching a 55-year-old client about fexofenadine prescribed to treat allergic symptoms. Which client statement suggests an understanding of this teaching?

"I should avoid driving after taking this medication."

A nursing professor has just completed her lecture regarding hypersensitivity (allergic) responses, focused on Type I reactions. Which of the following statements made by her students will show that the students understood the material? Choose all that apply. -"It is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-induced response." -"It occurs within minutes of exposure to the antigen." -"Anaphylaxis occurs after the first exposure to the antigens." -"Anaphylaxis is a type I response."

-"It occurs within minutes of exposure to the antigen." -"It is an immunoglobulin E (IgE)-induced response." -"Anaphylaxis is a type I response."

A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who is prescribed an antihistamine. The nurse would administer the drug cautiously if which condition was noted? Select all that apply. -Hyperthyroidism -Rheumatoid arthritis -Osteoarthritis -Hypertension -Narrow-angle glaucoma

-Hypertension -Narrow-angle glaucoma -Hyperthyroidism

A client exhibiting signs and symptoms of the common cold asks the nurse if taking an antihistamine would be helpful. What is the nurse's best response?

Antihistamines are not recommended for treating a cold.

Second-generation antihistamines were developed to remove the sedation of first generation drugs. Which of the following antihistamines is a second-generation drug?

Cetirizine

A female client is prescribed a first-generation antihistamine for her allergies. The nurse would expect her to experience what adverse effect?

Dry mouth

Mr. Zee is prescribed an inhaled nasal steroid to relieve his symptoms associated with seasonal allergies. What is true about inhaled nasal steroids?

Inhaled nasal steroids are more effective than oral medications in treating the global symptoms associated with allergies.

Which statement accurately describes an aspect of serum sickness?

Is a delayed hypersensitivity reaction.

The clinic nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed fexofenadine for hay fever. When the nurse is assessing this client's medication history, what drug would make the nurse question the order for fexofenadine?

Ketoconazole

A client has an important presentation to make in 4 hours, and he needs relief from the congestion of seasonal rhinitis. The client calls the nurse, explains the situation, and tells the nurse that he cannot afford to be drowsy. What medication is most likely to meet this client's needs?

Loratadine

A group of students are reviewing information about antihistamines. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which agent as a second generation antihistamine?

Loratadine

The nurse is teaching a group of clients with allergic rhinitis about the use of their medications. What would be the most essential information to give these clients about preventing possible drug interactions?

Read drug labels before taking OTC medications.

When describing the effects of second-generation antihistamines, which would the nurse address as being decreased?

Sedation

When caring for a patient with an allergic reaction following a blood transfusion, which of the following conditions should the nurse consider as a contraindication for antihistamine therapy?

Stenosing peptic ulcer

A 62-year-old client has been prescribed an antihistamine to alleviate vasomotor rhinitis. The client reports gastric irritation after taking the tablet. Which instructions should the nurse provide to help alleviate the client's condition?

Take the tablet with food

Second-generation H1 antagonists cause less CNS depression because they are selective for peripheral H1 receptors and because of which other property?

They do not cross the blood-brain barrier.

What hospital procedure has the greatest potential to cause an anaphylactoid reaction?

administration of contrast media for diagnostic tests

An elderly client is prescribed diphenhydramine for allergic response to mold. What should be the focus of the nursing assessment for the client?

anticholinergic effects

What medication should be prescribed to minimize the risk associated with a blood transfusion for a client with a history of a previous transfusion reaction?

diphenhydramine

The pharmacology instructor is discussing the adverse effects of diphenhydramine. Which is not one of these effects?

excessive salivation

The nurse is aware that clients who use OTC fexofenadine would use which class of antibacterial that would cause an increased plasma concentration of the fexofenadine?

macrolides

An older adult client is administered dimenhydrinate. Which is the priority nursing intervention for this client?

protect from injury

The nursing instructor is explaining the four types of allergic reaction to the nursing students. The instructor explains that allergic rhinitis is a

type I hypersensitivity reaction

Which client is most likely to benefit from the administration of a nasal steroid?

A client who has chronic allergic rhinitis

A nurse is describing the action of a prescribed antihistamine to a client. The nurse is describing which medication, by explaining that the drug elicits its antihistamine effects by non-selectively binding to central and peripheral H1 receptors?

Diphenhydramine

The nurse is caring for a client with allergic rhinitis who takes clemastine daily. What should the nurse teach the client about the action of the medication?

It blocks the effects of histamine.

The nurse is providing instructions to a client who will be taking second-generation antihistamines at home. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further instruction?

"I will take this medication with apple juice."

The nurse is teaching a client about the potential for allergic drug reaction. What statement made by a client suggests a need for further teaching?

"If you didn't have allergies as a child, you won't develop allergies later in life."

The nurse is providing education to a client regarding the use of an over-the-counter (OTC) antihistamine. Which client statement demonstrates a need for additional teaching?

"When I feel a cold coming on, I know to take an antihistamine."

A nursing professor teaching sophomore students conducts a lecture regarding allergic food reactions. Which of the following statements made by the students verifies the lecture was effective? Select all that apply. -"Kids never outgrow their food allergies." -"Shellfish and eggs are examples of allergens that may have a high risk for anaphylaxis." -"They usually are an immune response to the ingestion of a protein." -"The sooner you expose your baby to these potential allergens, the less likely they are to develop allergies."

-"They usually are an immune response to the ingestion of a protein." -"Shellfish and eggs are examples of allergens that may have a high risk for anaphylaxis."

A nursing professor has just completed her lecture regarding hypersensitivity (allergic) responses. Her lecture focused on Type II reactions. Which of the following statements made by her students will show that the students understood the material? Choose all that apply. -"It can be an adverse effect of a drug." -"Type II responses are mediated by IgG or IgM, generating direct damage to the cell surface." -"This kind of reaction can occur during a blood transfusion." -"Anaphylaxis is an example of this type of allergic reaction."

-"Type II responses are mediated by IgG or IgM, generating direct damage to the cell surface." -"This kind of reaction can occur during a blood transfusion." -"It can be an adverse effect of a drug."

A professor teaching pharmacology conducts a lecture regarding allergic drug reactions. Which of the following statements made by students verifies the lecture was effective? Select all that apply. -"Virtually any drug may induce an immunologic response." -"Reactions to drugs and plants are identical." -"Allergic drug reactions are complex and diverse and may include any of the types of hypersensitivity." -"Very specific characteristics identify if a reaction is drug-related."

-"Virtually any drug may induce an immunologic response." -"Allergic drug reactions are complex and diverse and may include any of the types of hypersensitivity."

Second-generation H1 antagonists (also called selective or nonsedating agents) were developed mainly to produce less sedation than the first-generation drugs. Which of the following are examples of these drugs? Choose all that apply. -Diphenhydramine (Benadryl) -Azelastine (Astelin) -Loratadine (Claritin) -Fexofenadine (Allegra) -Cetirizine (Zyrtec)

-Azelastine (Astelin) -Cetirizine (Zyrtec) -Fexofenadine (Allegra) -Loratadine (Claritin)

A male client presents to the emergency department with his 4-year-old child. The child self-administered diphenhydramine of an unknown quantity. In overdosage of diphenhydramine, the nurse is aware that the child may experience what problems? (Select all that apply.) -Headache -Convulsions -Hypotension -Hallucinations -Dizziness

-Hallucinations -Convulsions

The nurse is caring for a client who has been prescribed diphenhydramine. The nurse would contact the prescribing health care provider to question the prescription when noting what information in the client record? Select all that apply. -receiving treatment for prostatic hypertrophy -7 weeks pregnant -receiving treatment for psoriasis -currently prescribed tamoxifen therapy -history of narrow-angle glaucoma

-receiving treatment for prostatic hypertrophy -7 weeks pregnant -currently prescribed tamoxifen therapy -history of narrow-angle glaucoma

The health care provider has prescribed medication to prevent posttransfusion reaction in a client with a history of the disorder. Which medication would the nurse anticipate being administered?

Diphenhydramine

Antihistamines are used frequently in the home care setting for the treatment of allergies. Which of the following is most likely to be a responsibility of the nurse caring for a patient who is taking antihistamines for this indication?

Helping the patient identify environmental allergens

A patient with vasomotor rhinitis has been prescribed an antihistamine. The patient is eager to know whether the prescribed antihistamine may cause excessive sedation. Which of the following antihistamines has very little sedative effect?

Loratadine

Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed) is prescribed for a client suffering from nasal and sinus congestion. What is the most important assessment the nurse should complete before the client leaves the clinic to purchase the medication?

Obtain the client's blood pressure.

A client reports nasal congestion, sneezing, watery drainage from the nose, and itching of the throat, eyes, and ears. The nurse recognizes that these are consistent with what disorder?

allergic rhinitis

The nurse regularly assesses clients for risk of anaphylactic reaction to prescribed medications. The nurse is aware that such reactions most commonly occur with what type of medication?

penicillins