Pharm:Chapter 8 - GI drugs
Viokase-V powder is -
- a digestive enzyme - approved for use in dogs and cats
What are the 3 basic control mechanisms of the GI tract?
- autonomic nervous system - hormonal control - chemical control (histamine, prostaglandin, etc)
The CRTZ stimulates vomiting when activated by ____
- chemical substances (digitalis compounds, urea, ketone bodies, etc) - impulses from inner ear
List 3 general functions of the GI tract
- entry of food and fluid into body - absorption of nutrients - excretion of waste products
what is the difference between vomiting and regurgitation?
- regurgitation is a normal process of ruminants that permits them to bring up partially digested foodstuff for rechewing. - vomiting is the forcible expulsion of gastric contents and is generally considered to be pathologic
About what percent of the stomach's contents do emetics usually remove?
80%
Drugs that inhibit vomiting are called -
antiemetics
___ is an emetic.
apomorphine
Cimetidine is -
H2 receptor antagonist
All of the following are parts of the small intestine except
SI has duodenum, jejunum, and ileum but NOT ilium
List 2 examples of centrally acting emetics and 2 examples of peripherally acting emetics
centrally acting - apomorphine and xylazine periphery acting - syrup of ipecac and mustard
All of the following are basic functions of the GI tract except -
include: - intake of food and fluid into body - absorption of material - excretion of waste products EXCEPT: - excretion of urine
____ are substances that loosen bowel contents and encourage their evacuation.
laxatives
A synthetic antibiotic/antiinflammatory agent used to treat giardiasis and anerobic bacterial infection in animals is called -
metronidazole
Ruminants are animals that use ___ to digest coarse plant material.
microorganisms in rumen
What are the 2 types of intestinal motility patterns?
peristalsis - wave of contraction segmentation - mixing action
What is the difference between peristalsis and segmentation?
peristalsis> wave of contraction that moves contents along segmentation> intestinal constrictions that mix contents
What is the active ingredient of metamucil?
psyllium
List 2 H2 receptor antagonists
ranitidine and cimetitine
H2 receptor antagonists promote the healing of GI ulcers by -
reducing the secretion of hyrdochloric acid by gastric mucosal cells
What is the GI configuration of ruminant animals?
system of forestomachs, including reticulum, rumen, and omasum, which allows them to digest coarse plant material as well as a true stomach (abomasum)
T/F: Ruminants remasticate food to facilitate the digestion process.
true
Acute vomiting and diarrhea in dogs and cats often respond to conservative management such as -
witholding of food for 12-24 hrs
List 4 products used as dentrfice/oral cleansing agents
CET, Nolvadent, Oral Dent, or Oxydent
What is the significance of the presence of bacterial endotoxins in the GI tract?
bacterial endotoxins may increase permeability of intestinal blood vessels, resulting in increased fluid loss. May also induce fever and initiate shock
How does sucralfate work to treat/prevent gastric ulcers?
by forming a paste like barrier over the surface of gastric ulcers
Direct cholinergic drugs stimulate the GI tract by what mechanism?
by mimicking the effect of acetylcholine
What is the mechanism of action of saline/hyperosmotic laxatives?
by retaining water osmotically in the gut, these agents cause softening of the stool
List 3 examples of monogastric animals
dogs, cats and primates
Mg sulfate is found in -
epson salts
Which of the following species has no gallbladder?
equines
T/F: Stimulation of the parasympathetic portion of the ANS decreases intestinal motility
false
Bismuth subsalicylate compounds should be used with caution in what species?
felines
The crop in birds is used for
food storage
List 2 species that do not vomit
horse and rat
