PHIL 1301

If "the impious man is not he who denies the gods of the many, but he who attaches to the gods the beliefs of the many," then

Both A and C

For Hobbes, the greatest good and the greatest evil, respectively, for a human being are:

Comfortable self-preservation and violent death

The natural law is man's participation, through the exercise of his reason, in God's providential ordering of the universe.

True

The social contract is the mechanism whereby human beings can achieve comfortable self-preservation.

True

The term that describes the middle point between excess and deficiency is "moral virtue."

True

The triumph of pseudo-intellectuals is a sign of the triumph of the mass man.

True

The ultimate goal of Epicurean hedonism is serenity, friendship, freedom, good health, and independence.

True

Which of the following arguments against vulgar hedonism does Epicurus NOT make?

Vulgar hedonism undermines traditional morality.

Each of the following is, according to Epicurus, an essential ingredient to living well EXCEPT:

Wealth

According to Dalrymple in "The Roads to Serfdom," socialist thinkers are correct in their assumption that, because humanity has made so much technical progress, everything—including problems of production and consumption—must be susceptible to human control.

False

According to Dalrymple in "What We Have to Lose," civilization does not require that that human beings practice self-control with respect to their appetites and desires.

False

According to Dalrymple in "What We Have to Lose," human civilization is impervious to decay or destruction.

False

According to Dalrymple in the "Frivolity of Evil" essay, "depression" and "unhappiness" are one and the same.

False

According to Dalrymple in the "Frivolity of Evil" essay, the Welfare State's policies promote a sense of gratitude and civic and personal responsibility in the citizenry.

False

According to Dalrymple in the "How—and How Not—to Love Mankind" essay, both Marx and Turgenev displayed a deep and abiding interest in the individual lives and fates of real human beings.

False

According to Epicurean hedonism, there is no proper rank ordering of pleasures, so that the joy of discovery experienced by the philosopher is no better or worse than engaging in wild cocaine-fueled orgies.

False

According to Epicurus, the human soul is a spiritual essence that pervades, and survives the death of, the atomistic body.

False

According to existentialism, man is not responsible for his actions.

False

An aristocratic society is one in which everybody is equal.

False

Aristocratic "masters" created the contrast between good and evil. They see themselves as good while they look down on the "slaves" as evil.

False

Courage is a mean between life and death

False

Death, for Epicurus, is the greatest of evils that can afflict a human being.

False

Evildoers in this life will be punished in the afterlife.

False

For Nietzsche, "bad" and "evil" mean the exact same thing.

False

For Sartre, our God-given human nature cannot be altered in any way.

False

For St. Thomas, "good" and "evil" have nothing to do with following our natural inclinations, but are rather purely a matter of personal, subjective preference, so that what's "good" for you may not be "good" for me.

False

Good and evil for Hobbes are not relative to the individual, but are universal and absolute.

False

Hobbes champions every subject's inalienable right to abide by his private conscience, even when it conflicts with what the law demands.

False

Hobbes' Golden Rule is identical to Christ's Golden Rule.

False

Hobbes' state of nature is an Edenic paradise full of comfort, security, and material abundance.

False

Human law is fully capable of judging a person's motives, feelings, and conscience.

False

In Sartre's view, man is utterly incapable of forging his own destiny.

False

In order to live well, one must engage in political and commercial activity, earning for oneself great wealth and influence in the community.

False

Man's ultimate end, salvation, can be known by man's unassisted reason, fully independent of divine revelation.

False

Master morality is born out of the resentment that the noble men feel towards the weak and the vulgar.

False

Sartre believes that "we can abolish God with the least possible expense."

False

Society, Hobbes tells us, originates out of man's love for his fellow man.

False

The divine law is necessary because no human being could ever have access to the natural law without receiving the divine law first.

False

The madman says that "God is dead" because the Catholic Church has become corrupt.

False

The mass is characterized by a multitude of diverse desires, ideas and manners among the individuals who compose it.

False

The mass man can only be found among the poor and the working class.

False

The masses have always taken part in artistic and political enterprises.

False

The select minorities crush everything different, everything outstanding, excellent, select, and choice.

False

We learn virtue through learning from my mistakes.

False

When asked to give ethical guidance to his student, Sartre told him that he must live up to his filial duty and take care of his mother.

False

"Drive safely: the life you save may be your own." This would be an example of

Hobbes' Golden Rule

According to St. Thomas' Natural Law teaching,

I, iv, vii.

"Hyperdemocracy" is the trend whereby the masses impose their tastes and beliefs on the rest of society, without respect for law or the judicial norm.

True

A law that is not the product of reason is a perversion of law.

True

According to Aristotle, human beings are unique in so far possess logos or reason.

True

According to Dalrymple in "The Roads to Serfdom," collectivist or socialist ideology undermines personal responsibility and encourages uniformity of behavior and taste.

True

According to Dalrymple in "What We Have to Lose," barbarism triumphs wherever civilized human beings do nothing.

True

According to Dalrymple in the "Frivolity of Evil" essay, human beings are predisposed to commit evil.

True

According to Dalrymple in the "How—and How Not—to Love Mankind" essay, there is a temptation, particularly within the intelligentsia, to suppose that one's virtue is proportional to one's hatred of vice.

True

According to Epicurus, atoms are the irreducibly simplest constituents of the natural world.

True

According to Epicurus, only ignorant, fearful, and superstitious people believe in divine providence.

True

According to Sartre, man exists before he acquires an essence.

True

According to Sartre, we can be free and responsible only if God does not exist.

True

According to St. Thomas, God built into mankind a determinate nature which exhibits four basic inclinations: self-preservation, procreation and rearing of offspring, living in society, and knowing the truth about God.

True

All human action aims at some good (real or perceived).

True

An aristocratic caste is essential to the ennoblement of the human species

True

Anguish is the result of self-awareness that I am a being capable of choosing freely among many possibilities none of which is either necessary or certain.

True

Appetite/desire and aversion are the irreducible causes of all acts of choice and avoidance.

True

Besides atoms and void, nothing else exists. Thus, the term "incorporeal substance" is a complete absurdity.

True

For Hobbes, the greatest evil that can befall a human being is to be killed.

True

For Nietzsche, "bad" and "despicable" are the exact same thing.

True

Happiness is always an end in itself.

True

Human law is the application of the precepts of the natural law to specific matters.

True

Justice is nothing more than an agreement that citizens make with one another not to harm each other or be harmed.

True

Law is an ordinance of reason, made by him who has care of the community, for the sake of the common good, and promulgated.

True

Life is will to power, and will to power is exploitation.

True

Nobody in his right mind, according to Hobbes, would ever fail to do everything in his power to preserve his life.

True

Ortega divides up modern man into two distinct groups: the masses and the select minorities.

True

Ortega's terms mass man and its counterpart, noble man, apply irrespective of social standing, formal education, wealth, race, or gender.

True

Sartre agrees with Dostoevsky that if God does not exist, then everything is permitted.

True

Society's goal is to produce a few exceptional individuals who are society's crown jewels, and the rest of society must sacrifice and endure hardships to produce them.

True

The biblical figure Abraham provides an illustration of anguish.

True

The desire for honor and glory is a principal cause of violent conflict.

True

The great significance of the death of God is that the world no longer has any meaning or value.

True

The mass man is the type who refuses to demand more of himself, who is happy to just "get by."

True

The masses are made up of persons not especially qualified.

True

Each of the following statements is consistent with St. Thomas' natural law theory EXCEPT:

All lifestyle choices are perfectly natural, and hence good.

According to Hobbes, government censorship is necessary

All of the above

Why, according to Hobbes, do human beings enter into a commonwealth?

All of the above

According to Hobbes' Leviathan, human life without government would be characterized by each of the following EXCEPT:

All of the above (There are no exceptions in the above list).

According to Epicurus, the human soul

All of the above.

According to St. Thomas Aquinas, Divine law is necessary because

All of the above.

Human law

All of the above.

If the fundamental claims of atomism are True, then

All of the above.

Which of the following BEST describes the logical connection(s) between atomism and hedonism in Epicurus' thought?

Atomism denies the existence of incorporeal beings, such as immortal souls. If the human soul—the organ of perception and thought—is made up of atoms which disperse back into nature at life's end, then death would be nothing more than a dreamless, eternal sleep and not a journey into another, potentially wretched, world. The Epicurean, knowing this, thereby achieves a reassuring calmness of mind, a tranquility of soul.

Death, according to Epicurus,

Is deprivation of sensation.

According to St. Thomas Aquinas, each of the following is an essential feature of law EXCEPT:

It aims at the good of certain individuals only

St. Thomas Aquinas and Thomas Hobbes would agree on which of the following?

None of the above

Each of the following is a natural human inclination enumerated by Thomas Aquinas EXCEPT:

None of the above is an exception. (They are all natural human inclinations)

According to Thomas Aquinas' concept of Natural Law, all of the following would be deemed immoral EXCEPT:

None of the above would be an exception.

According to the cosmology of atomism

Nothing is created out of nothing, nor can something be reduced to nothing.

According to Hobbes, which two needs drive human action?

Personal gain and survival

A man brutally murders an innocent victim. According to Epicurus, in what way would this act rightly be considered "evil"?

Such an act is evil insofar as it engenders a fear in the mind of the criminal of eventually being caught and punished severely by the civil authorities.

"But though the benefits of this life may be much furthered by mutual help; since yet those may be better attained to by dominion, than by the society of others, I hope no body will doubt, but that men would much more greedily be carried by nature, if all fear were removed, to obtain dominion, than to gain society." What is Hobbes' main argument in this passage?

The life of a tyrant is preferable to that of a mere citizen

Each of the following is a characteristic of the state of nature EXCEPT:

There are abundant resources available for human consumption