PHIL 1301 Exam 2 (Final)
Meditation 1: Because he cannot examine each and every opinion individually in order to prove it false, Descartes says that he will employ which of the following principles:
"I should withhold my assent no less carefully from opinions that are not completely certain and indubitable than I would from those that are patently false"
Meditation 2: Descartes offers his famous wax example as a demonstration that what I can know about bodies (corporeal/physical objects) is not perceived through the senses. In his example, he starts by listing the sensible qualities of the wax before the wax is altered. Which of the following does not belong to that list of the wax's initial qualities?
Light blue color
Part One: According to the narrator of The Plague, the best way to become acquainted with a town is by ascertaining how the people in it _____. Select all of the answers that apply.
Love & Work & Die
Part One: Dr. Rieux treats a patient whose condition worsens, briefly seems to get better, and then dies, the first human victim of the plague. What is the first human plague victim's name?
M. Michel
Part One: What is the name of the concierge at Dr. Rieux's surgery office building?
M. Michel
Part One: Dr. Rieux encounters the police magistrate of the town as he is leaving the train platform. What is the police magistrate's name?
M.Othon
Sartre identifies and explains several tenets or principles of existentialism. Which if the following is one of those existentialist tenets/principles?
Man is nothing but what he makes of himself.
Sartre identifies and explains several tenets or principles of existentialism. Which if the following is one of those existentialist tenets/principles?
Man is responsible for what he is.
Part Four: Jean Tarrou tells his story to Dr. Rieux. After Tarrou leaves home in disgust with his father, he becomes what he calls a revolutionary _______.
Agitator
Part Five: Even though the plague has begun to disappear from the town, Jean Tarrou falls ill with the plague. After suffering through the symptoms such that Dr. Rieux is convinced he will die, Tarrou actually recovers.
False
Sartre claims that there is no such thing as "religious existentialism."
False
Meditation 3: Descartes examines the nature of ideas according to the degree of reality that his different ideas represent—what he calls the "objective reality" of an idea. Which of the following best represents the conclusion of his examination?
"If the objective reality of any of my ideas is found to be so great that I am certain that the same reality was not in me, either formally or eminently, and that therefore I myself cannot be the cause of the idea, then it necessary follows that I am not alone in this world, . . . but that something else, which is the cause of this idea, also exists."
Meditation 6: Descartes claims that his self or mind is present in his body as a sailor is present in a ship.
False
Meditation 3: What is the content of Descartes's idea of God?
A certain substance that is infinite, independent, supremely intelligent and supremely powerful, and created me along with everything else that exists.
Part One: According to the narrator of The Plague, the people of Oran ___.
A dead rat
In Meditation 3, Descartes classifies his thoughts (the contents of his mind) into different categories/classes. Which of the following is not one of the examples he gives of an idea?
A number
Part Two: After the disease has been identified as plague and many more deaths have been reported, the Prefect orders more strict measures put into place. Which of the following is not one of those measures?
All restaurants must be shut down.
Part Three: The narrator of The Plague describes several of what he calls "the excesses of the living" under the increasingly horrific and deadly suffering of the townspeople of Oran under the plague. Which of the following best describes one of those "excesses of the living"?
Armed men begin to attack gates of the town until the sentries are reinforced.
Meditation 2: What are some of the operations of thinking that Descartes lists (i.e., characteristics of a thing that thinks)? Select all that apply.
Doubting & Understanding
Sartre outlines several "charges" that have been brought against existentialism. Which of the following represent the group or groups bringing those charges against existentialism? Select all that apply.
Communists & Christians
Part One: Dr. Rieux is called out to a suicide attempt. What is the name of the man who tried to commit suicide, but was stopped by his neighbor?
Cottard
Part One: Which of the following is true of Dr. Rieux's first meeting with the Prefect and the "health committee"?
Dr. Rieux and Dr. Castel argue that the Prefect must put strict and severe public measures into place in order to contain this disease before it gets out of hand.
Part Three: The narrator of The Plague describes the "burials of the dead" under the increasingly horrific and deadly suffering of the townspeople of Oran under the plague. Which of the following best describes the situation of "burials of the dead" in Oran at this time?
Eventually coffin shortages lead to the recycling of coffins for burial as the corpse is dumped into a pit before using the coffin again for another body.
In Meditation 3, Descartes gives his criterion or rule for what counts as true. What is this rule?
Everything I very clearly and distinctly perceive is true.
Part Two: The narrator describes how the experience of the citizens of Oran once the plague separates them from loved ones and the world outside Oran's walls as a feeling of _____.
Exile
Sartre identifies and explains several tenets or principles of existentialism. Which if the following is one of those existentialist tenets/principles?
Existence precedes essence for human beings.
Sartre outlines several "charges" that have been brought against existentialism. Which of the following is one of these charges?
Existentialism focuses on human degradation and ugly side of life while ignoring the beautiful and gracious aspects of existence.
Sartre outlines several "charges" that have been brought against existentialism. Which of the following is one of these charges?
Existentialism ignores human solidarity and only focuses on isolated individuality.
Sartre outlines several "charges" that have been brought against existentialism. Which of the following is one of these charges?
Existentialism invites a desperate quietism that makes action impossible
Meditation 4: Descartes argues that the cause of error is the simultaneous concurrence of which two things? Select all that apply.
Faculty of knowing (intellect) and the faculty of choosing (will)
Meditation 3: Descartes examines the class of ideas and sorts them according to their origin (or source, where they are derived from). Which of the following is not one of those origins of his ideas?
Faith
According to Camus, only reason can give us certainty regarding a meaning to life in the face of death.
False
In Meditation 4, Descartes argues that God can deceive him.
False
Part Two: Father Paneloux, the town priest, gives an important sermon in response to the plague. Which of the following is true of what he says in that sermon?
God is allowing the plague to befall the citizens of the town because they deserve it for taking God's compassion and forgiveness for granted.
Part Five: Once the plague mortality begins to decrease and the town rejoices and celebrates, Tarrou falls ill with the plague. What does Dr. Rieux do?
He allows Tarrou to stay at Rieux's home, with Rieux and his mother watching over Tarrou while he suffers.
Meditation 6: Descartes considers whether the power/faculty of imagination can provide evidence of the existence of material/corporeal things—namely, his body. What does he conclude regarding the evidence of the imagination?
He can only make a probable conjecture that his body exists.
Part Four: The evening in which Raymond Rambert is all set to escape the town, aided by Marcel and Louis, arrives. What ends up happening with Rambert that evening?
He decides to stay in the town and continue to aid in the sanitation effort.
Part Five: What happens to Cottard at the end of the novel?
He holes up in his apartment and starts shooting at pedestrians and police.
Meditation 2: Descartes offers his famous wax example as a demonstration that what I can know about bodies (corporeal/physical objects) is not perceived through the senses. How does he alter/change the initial sensible properties of the wax?
He melts it by bringing it close to the fire
Part Four: A particularly awful scene unfolds at the hospital bedside of M. Othon's young son, who dies horribly and painfully of the plague as the main characters of the novel look on. What does Father Paneloux do at one point during this gruesome vigil?
He sinks to his knees and cries out, "My God, spare this child!"
Meditation 3: Descartes examines the class of ideas and sorts them according to their origin (or source, where they are derived from). Which of the following is an example that he gives of an idea that seems to proceed from outside of him?
Heat From the Fire
Part Four: Jean Tarrou tells his story to Dr. Rieux. Which of the following best describes the event that led to Tarrou leaving his family and becoming disenchanted with his father?
His father prosecutes a criminal and argues for the death penalty.
Part Five: Dr. Rieux receives a telegram from the sanitorium where his wife was being treated. What news does he find out from the telegram?
His wife died a week ago.
Meditation 4: Descartes asks how he can avoid committing errors of judgment in the future. What is his answer?
Hold off from making a judgment when he doesn't perceive what is true with sufficient clarity and distinctness.
Part Three: The narrator of The Plague describes several of what he calls "the excesses of the living" under the increasingly horrific and deadly suffering of the townspeople of Oran under the plague. Which of the following best describes one of those "excesses of the living"?
Houses that were burnt or closed by sanitation control were looted.
Meditation 2: Once Descartes has his first item of knowledge, he proceeds to ask what he can know about himself. What does Descartes claim to prove about what he is?
I am a thinking thing
Meditation 3: Descartes offers an argument for the existence of God from Descartes's own existence. Which of the following claims is not part of Descartes's argument for the existence of God?
I am the sort of being that can be the cause of itself and that is not causally dependent upon anything else for its existence.
Camus championed a form of authentic rebellion which declares:
I rebel, therefore we exist
Meditation 3: Descartes offers an argument for the existence of God from his idea of God. Which of the following claims is not part of Descartes's argument for the existence of God?
INCORRECT I am finite and thus could not be the cause of my idea of a supremely perfect and infinite being (God).
Meditation 6: Descartes argues that there is a real distinction between his body and mind. Which of the following does not belong to his argument?
INCORRECT I have a clear and distinct idea of myself as a thinking thing distinct from my body.
Meditation 3: Descartes examines his reasons for thinking that certain ideas are "derived [or originate] from things existing outside of me." Identify one of the reasons he gives for doubting that these ideas are based on a "well-founded judgment"?
INCORRECT Just because I can use my "faculty of imagination" to produce an idea of a "hippogriff," it does not follow that a "hippogriff" exists in reality.
In Meditation 1, Descartes is concerned that ______.
INCORRECT Most people believed in truth but accepted lies
Part Four: After the horrible death of M. Othon's little boy, Father Paneloux preaches his second sermon. Which of the following best expresses the central claim he makes during that sermon?
INCORRECT The suffering and death of an innocent child only appears horrible to human eyes and hearts, but it is a beautiful part of God's plan and creation, and thus we should love it.
Meditation 2: What are some of the operations of thinking that Descartes lists (i.e., characteristics of a thing that thinks)? Select all that apply.
Imagining & Sensing
Meditation 4: According to Descartes, which of the following enables him to perceive ideas from which he can form a judgment?
Intellect
Meditation 4: According to Descartes, can error be found in the intellect considered solely in terms of its function?
No
Part Three: The narrator of The Plague describes the "plight of parted lovers" under the increasingly horrific and deadly suffering of the townspeople of Oran under the plague. Which of the following best describes the "plight of parted lovers" in Oran at this time?
No one is capable of strong emotion or passion anymore, capable only of monotonous and trite feelings
In Meditation 3, Descartes classifies his thoughts (the contents of his mind) into different categories/classes. Which of the following are included in his classification of thoughts? Select all that apply.
PARTIAL (0.5/1 points) Beliefs-INCORRECT & Ideas-CORRECT
Meditation 3: Descartes examines his ideas to find whether any of them contain objective reality so great that he himself could not be the cause of it. What are the ideas he examines? Select all that apply.
PARTIAL (0.67/1 points) Other humans & Corporeal things & One of the others is correct too, idk which one.
According to Camus, in an attempt to escape from the unsettling awareness of the absurdity of life, those who adopt faith and hope in a higher meaning beyond this life and universe commit _____.
Philosophical suicide
Part Four: Jean Tarrou tells his story to Dr. Rieux. What was Tarrou's father's occupation?
Prosecuting Attorney
Part Four: Raymond Rambert continues to pour himself into the sanitation efforts with Tarrou, but also continues to meet with Marcel and Louis, the two young sentries, to find an opportune time to escape the town. Plans start to come together, and a date and time are chosen. What do the brothers and Rambert decide is best for realizing their plan?
Rambert will stay in the home of Marcel and Louis and their mother temporarily until the night of his escape.
Part One: Dr. Rieux meets a journalist who has been commissioned to report on the living conditions prevailing among the Arab population in the town. What is the journalist's name?
Raymond Rambert
In Meditation 1, Descartes decides that if he desires to "establish anything firm and lasting in the sciences," then he must first ____.
Raze everything to the ground and begin again from the original foundations
What does Camus call the condition of protest against one's tragic condition, "the certainty of a crushing fate, without the resignation that ought to accompany it"?
Revolt
Part Three: The narrator of The Plague describes several of what he calls "the excesses of the living" under the increasingly horrific and deadly suffering of the townspeople of Oran under the plague. Which of the following best describes one of those "excesses of the living"?
Several of those who return home from quarantine after having the plague begin to burn their own houses down for fear that the plague is still there.
According to Camus, rebellion against the inherent and absurd meaninglessness of the universe, by creating one's own form of meaning can take nihilistic (negative and unhealthy) forms. One of these nihilistic forms was taken in the 20th century by many prominent totalitarian movements and figures. What are two examples of such totalitarian figures mentioned in the video? Select both answers.
Stalin & Hitler
According to Camus, in moments of clarity human beings can feel like ____.
Strangers in a strange universe
According to Camus, though I don't know whether the world has a meaning that transcends it, I can know ______.
That I do not know that meaning and that it is impossible for me to know it.
Meditation 1: Descartes admits that his belief that "two plus three makes five" is true regardless of whether he is awake or asleep rests on a more foundational opinion. What is that foundational opinion?
That a God exists, who can do anything and is supremely good, and who would not deceive him about the truths of mathematics.
Meditation 1: Descartes says that he will begin by examining those foundational opinions that "supported everything I once believed." What is the first foundational opinion that Descartes examines?
That the opinions he had thought most true he received through the senses.
According to Camus, nihilistic movements of rebellion are characterized by ____.
The demand for totality
Which of the following best captures what Sartre means by Despair?
The existential feeling that comes with confining ourselves only on our will and not on expected fulfillment of a desired outcome.
Which of the following best captures what Sartre means by Forlornness?
The existential feeling that we are alone, without excuses, in choosing and acting on values that we create and that are not preordained or pre-established.
Which of the following best captures what Sartre means by Anguish?
The existential feeling that we are completely and totally responsible for defining ourselves and our existence.
Meditation 4: Descartes says that one of his faculties is limited and small in scope. Which is it?
The intellect
In Meditation 1, Descartes is concerned that ______.
The senses are sometimes deceptive.
Meditation 1: What is the first reason Descartes offers for doubting the truth of the senses?
The senses are sometimes deceptive.
Part Four: Tarrou and Cottard attend a performance of Gluck's Orpheus at the Municipal Opera House. What startling event happens there?
The singer playing Orpheus staggers around and then falls down, collapsing in the middle of a scene.
Part Three: The narrator of The Plague describes the "burials of the dead" under the increasingly horrific and deadly suffering of the townspeople of Oran under the plague. Which of the following best describes the situation of "burials of the dead" in Oran at this time?
The speed with which burials are carried out is greatly increased as all elaborate ceremony is suppressed and vigils banned.
Part Three: The narrator of The Plague describes several of what he calls "the excesses of the living" under the increasingly horrific and deadly suffering of the townspeople of Oran under the plague. Which of the following best describes one of those "excesses of the living"?
The town officials decide to segregate and cordon off sections of the city in which the plague is most prevalent.
Meditation 4: Descartes says that one of his faculties is unlimited and infinite. Which is it?
The will
Part Three: The narrator of The Plague describes the "plight of parted lovers" under the increasingly horrific and deadly suffering of the townspeople of Oran under the plague. Which of the following best describes the "plight of parted lovers" in Oran at this time?
Their memory of their loved one eventually fails them.
Meditation 1: Toward the end of the first Meditation, Descartes formulates a hypothesis or thought experiment as a means of directing his will against his habit of belief in long-standing opinions. What is this hypothesis?
There exists an Evil Genius who is supremely powerful and clever, and who is directing all of his effort at deceiving me.
Part Three: The narrator of The Plague describes the "plight of parted lovers" under the increasingly horrific and deadly suffering of the townspeople of Oran under the plague. Which of the following best describes the "plight of parted lovers" in Oran at this time?
They begin to lose their ability to picture and imagine what their loved one might be doing.
Meditation 1: Descartes says that we can break down our experience of unreal dream images into (simple) parts—or attributes—that are real and universally true of all corporeal objects. What are these general parts or attributes that he thinks must be true of all corporeal objects? Select all the answers that apply.
They have a quantity & They are extended (take up a certain amount of space)
Meditation 1: Descartes says that we can break down our experience of unreal dream images into (simple) parts—or attributes—that are real and universally true of all corporeal objects. What are these general parts or attributes that he thinks must be true of all corporeal objects? Select all the answers that apply.
They have a shape & They have a place in which they exist
Meditation 3: Descartes examines the nature of ideas according to the degree of reality that his different ideas represent—what he calls the "objective reality" of an idea. Which of the following is one of the principles he uses to sort his ideas according to degree of "objective reality"?
Those "ideas that display substance to me are something more and, if I may say so, contain within themselves more objective reality than those which represent merely modes or accidents."
Part Two: Raymond Rambert, the journalist, is not from Oran and seeks to leave the town for what reason?
To be reunited with his wife/partner
In his book The Fall, Camus envisions a world in which nobody takes up the fight against injustice.
True
Meditation 1: According to Descartes, he will reject any opinion in which he finds some reason for doubt.
True
Meditation 3: Descartes claims that ideas considered in their own right, just as ideas (or mental content), cannot be considered false.
True
Part Four: Joseph Grand falls ill with the plague. After suffering through the symptoms such that Dr. Rieux is convinced he will die, Grand recovers.
True
Part Four: Jean Tarrou tells his story to Dr. Rieux. After a series of life events that changed him, Tarrou comes to the position that all ______ is wrong and must be avoided.
Violence
In Meditation 3, Descartes classifies his thoughts (the contents of his mind) into different categories/classes. Which of the following are included in his classification of thoughts? Select all that apply.
Volitions & Judgments
Part Three: The narrator of The Plague describes the "burials of the dead" under the increasingly horrific and deadly suffering of the townspeople of Oran under the plague. Which of the following best describes the situation of "burials of the dead" in Oran at this time?
When the plague body count swiftly begins to exceed the capacity of the town cemetery, they begin to burn the corpses in the crematorium.
Meditation 4: Descartes identifies the source of his errors. Which of the following best summarizes what he identifies as the source of errors?
When the will extends further than the intellect and affirms things that he does not understand.
Part One: According to the narrator of The Plague, the people of Oran ___.
Work hard, but solely in order to become rich.
In Meditation 4, Descartes says that when he reflects on the cause of his errors, he notices not only a real and positive idea of God, but also a certain negative idea of ______.
nothingness/non-being
