PHIL FINAL - CHAPTER 16 QUIZ

What does a biocentrist believe?

A biocentrist believes that intrinsic value is not limited to humans.

Guha argues that deep ecology is uniquely

American

Baxter takes the position of a(n)

Anthropomorphist

There are two aspects to a cost-benefit analysis, namely,

Assessment of facts and establishing relative values.

Happiness, often a topic in ethics, is gained in deep ecology by what means?

By being quiet, doing real work, and not controlling others or non-human nature.

In the view of Arne Naess and other members of the movement, how does deep ecology differ from establishment environmentalism?

Deep ecologists take a holistic view of nature and think we should seek the root psychological and cultural causes of environmental degradation.

Of the following, which environmental movement locates the source of environmental problems not in metaphysics, or worldviews, but in social practices?

Ecofeminism

Which of the following does not represent a basic principle of deep ecology, as expressed by George Sessions and Arne Naess?

Environmentalists should focus on local action first and foremost.

Which of the following is a reason that William Baxter might oppose the emission of greenhouse gasses that contribute to global warming?

Global warming will cause the extinction of many species that many humans enjoy.

Which of the following is probably not a future consequence of global warming or a result of the global climate change?

Human overpopulation and patterns of overconsumption, overproduction, and waste.

According to an anthropocentric perspective, the health of a particular river might be considered important because

It is a valuable source of water and food for a community of people settled nearby.

What does it mean for ecocentrists to regard a tree or a fish as a moral patient?

It means that we must care for these life forms for their own sake, and not just for the sake of how it might ultimately impact us.

The ozone layer is important for which of the following reasons?

It protects humans from harmful UV radiation.

Something has instrumental value if it is valued solely for which of the following?

Its usefulness for something or someone else

Which of the following is an example of an opportunity cost within a decision?

Losing the chance to preserve an ecosystem because the funds were used to build a senior center

A perspective is anthropocentric if it holds which of the following views?

Only human beings have intrinsic value.

Ecocentrists are distinguished by their rejection of the anthropocentric idea that

Only humans have intrinsic value.

How, in Aldo Leopold's ethics, are right actions to be distinguished from wrong ones?

Right actions tend to preserve the stability and beauty of nature; wrong actions tend to do otherwise.

Which of the following are norms or intuitions that Devall and Sessions see as central to deep ecology?

Self-realization into organic wholeness

What is one characteristic of a prima facie value?

That it is not an absolute; it is the kind of value that can be overcome by other interests or values.

Which of the following represent aspects of the "dominant" worldview that deep ecologists believe we must overcome?

The belief that we have ample resource reserves for human development

Why do some people in poor nations view the environmental movement as an example of Western elitism?

They believe that only the wealthy West can afford not to change and use the environment.

What is meant by intrinsic value?

Things have intrinsic value or worth when they have value or worth in themselves for some reason.

Guha says that deep ecologists invoke Eastern philosophies as important influences on their thinking. He says this romantic view is an example of viewing the East as constituting

the Other