phili 316 chap one

True

According to divine command theory, if something is wrong, then the only reason it is wrong is that God commands us not to do it.

true

For philosophers, the important question is not how we come to have the particular moral principles we have, but whether we can justify them

False

If your conduct is legal, it will also be moral

False

In a broad sense morality is the moral code of an individual or of a society (insofar as the moral codes of the individuals making up that society overlap).

true

In business and elsewhere, your only moral obligation is to act within the law

True

In theory and practice, law codifies customs, ideals, beliefs, and a society's moral values

True

Most people don't distinguish between a person's "morals" and his or her "ethics."

sound arguments may have a false premise

Proper logic states a. all valid arguments are sound arguments. b. all sound arguments are valid arguments. c. a sound argument may have a false conclusion. d. a sound argument may have a false premise.

False

Rules of etiquette are always moral rules

False

"Etiquette" designates a special realm of morality.

False

The paradox of hedonism (or the paradox of selfishness) is that people who are exclusively concerned with their own interests tend to have happier and more satisfying lives than those who are concerned about other people.

d. contractual law

4. Which of the following is not one of the four basic kinds of law? a. statutes b. constitutional law c. common law d. contractual law

true

. Moral standards concern behavior that can be of serious consequence to human welfare

d. stealing is wrong only because God commands us not to steal.

. The divine command theory implies that a. God commands us to do whatever our reason tells us is right. b. God forbids stealing because stealing is wrong. c. God leaves right and wrong up to us. d. stealing is wrong only because God commands us not to steal.

b. generally involves a desire to follow that principle for its own sake.

10. Accepting a moral principle a. is a purely intellectual act like accepting a scientific hypothesis. b. generally involves a desire to follow that principle for its own sake. c. means you will never go against that principle. d. is a religiously based act of faith.

c. we shouldn't rely uncritically on what our conscience says.

11. The example of Huckleberry Finn shows a. one should always obey one's conscience. b. when in doubt, one should ignore one's conscience. c. we shouldn't rely uncritically on what our conscience says. d. unlike most people, Huckleberry Finn lacked a conscience.

a. can sometimes conflict.

12. Morality and self-interest a. can sometimes conflict. c. can never come into genuine conflict. b. boil down to the same thing. d. are in basic, irreconcilable conflict.

b. can be distinguished from the person's morality in a broader sense that includes his or her values, ideals, and aspirations

14. The code or principles of conduct that a person accepts a. constitute the whole of his or her morality. b. can be distinguished from the person's morality in a broader sense that includes his or her values, ideals, and aspirations. c. rarely guide his or her conduct in practice. d. are always attained from his or her religion.

d. even temporary groups can pressure people to conform.

15. The famous experiments by social psychologist Solomon Asch show a. the truth of utilitarianism. b. the power of peer pressure has been greatly exaggerated. c. business organizations put more pressure on individual integrity than do other kinds of organization. d. even temporary groups can pressure people to conform.

b. bystander apathy.

16. The authors use the murder of Kitty Genovese to illustrate a. ethical relativism. c. groupthink. b. bystander apathy. d. the paradox of hedonism.

d. its conclusion must be true, if its premises are

17. If an argument is valid, then a. the argument is sound. b. the argument's conclusion must be true. c. the argument's premises are true. d. its conclusion must be true, if its premises are.

c. based on facts and acceptable moral principles.

18. Good moral judgments should be logical and a. justified by fallacies. b. proven beyond reasonable doubt. c. based on facts and acceptable moral principles. d. coincide with what most scientifically trained people think.

a. the revision and modification of arguments.

19. Philosophical discussion of moral issues typically involves a. the revision and modification of arguments. b. proof beyond a reasonable doubt. c. circular reasoning.

c. Bystander apathy appears to result in part from diffusion of responsibility.

21. Choose the statement that is a true reflection of moral behavior. a. Conscience is a perfectly reliable guide for moral behavior. b. Peer pressure has no effect on whether or not people behave morally. c. Bystander apathy appears to result in part from diffusion of responsibility. d. All moral behavior is motivated from religious faith.

d. If your conduct follows the guidelines of professional codes of ethics, it will be moral.

22. What criteria concerning moral judgments should we agree with? a. As long as your conduct is legal, then it will be moral. b. If you follow the rules of etiquette, your conduct will be moral. c. Moral standards typically concern behavior that can be of serious consequence to human welfare. d. If your conduct follows the guidelines of professional codes of ethics, it will be moral.

True

23. An argument is a group of statements, one of which is claimed to follow from the others.

False

24. An argument is valid only if all its premises are true.

true

25. According to Tom Regan, our considered moral beliefs are those we hold only after we have made a conscientious effort (a) to attain maximum conceptual clarity, (b) to acquire all relevant information, (c) to think about the belief and its implications rationally, (d) impartially, and with the benefit of reflection, (e) coolly.

a. the moral instructions of the world's great religions are often general and imprecise.

6. When religion and morality are considered, a. the moral instructions of the world's great religions are often general and imprecise. b. most people act rightly only because their religion tells them to. c. atheists are likely to be less moral than religious people. d. in practice, people who share a religion will agree on all moral questions

a. what is morally right is what society says is morally right.

8. Ethical relativism supports the theory that a. what is morally right is what society says is morally right. b. there are no moral values whatsoever. c. morality is relative to the goal of promoting human well-being. d. different societies have different ideas about right and wrong. a. what is morally right is what society says is morally right.

c. we cannot say that slavery is wrong if the society in question believes it is right.

9. When ethical relativism is put into practice, it implies that a. societies never share any moral values in common. b. in ethics, sometimes the minority is right. c. we cannot say that slavery is wrong if the society in question believes it is right. d. as societies evolve, their morality improves.

b. generally involves a desire to follow that principle for its own sake

Accepting a moral principle a. is a purely intellectual act like accepting a scientific hypothesis. b. generally involves a desire to follow that principle for its own sake. c. means you will never go against that principle. d. is a religiously based act of faith

False

An individual does not have to follow the code of one's profession.

True

An organization is a group of people working together to achieve a common purpose.

false

Aristotle argued that living a morally good life is being good at your job

True

Business ethics is the study of what constitutes right and wrong, or good and bad, human conduct in a business

true

Business ethics is the study of what constitutes right and wrong, or good and bad, human conduct in a business context.

the rules of etiquette are a fundamental branch of morality

Choose the statement that gives the most accurate description of etiquette: a. the rules of etiquette are a fundamental branch of morality b. conformity with the rules of etiquette is sufficient for moral conduct c. etiquette refers to a special code of social behavior or courtesy d. the rules of etiquette are backed by statutory law

true

One of the major characteristics of an organization is the shared acceptance of organizational rules by its members.

false

Organizational norms always and inevitably lead to groupthink

True

Our conscience evolved as we internalized the moral instructions of the parents or other authority figures who raised us as children

True

Our conscience evolved as we internalized the moral instructions of the parents or other authority figures who raised us as children.

To a significant extent, law codifies a society's customs, norms, and moral values.

Our relationship with the law is best described by which of the following? a. To a significant extent, law codifies a society's customs, norms, and moral values. b. The law is a completely adequate guide to the moral standards that we should follow. C. The law makes all immoral conduct illegal. d. Violating the law is always immoral. To a significant extent, law codifies a society's customs, norms, and moral values.

b. can be distinguished from the person's morality in a broader sense that includes his or her values, ideals, and aspirations.

The code or principles of conduct that a person accepts a. constitute the whole of his or her morality. b. can be distinguished from the person's morality in a broader sense that includes his or her values, ideals, and aspirations. c. rarely guide his or her conduct in practice. d. is the same as the standards of etiquette that a person accepts

True

There are four basic kinds of law: statutes, regulations, common law, and constitutional law.

moral standards take priority over other standards, including self-interest

Which of the following characteristics distinguishes moral standards from other sorts of standards? a. moral standards are purely b. moral standards take priority over other standards, including self-interest c. moral standards cannot be justified by reasons d. moral standards must be set or validated by some authoritative body

d. Morality serves to restrain our purely self-interested desires so that we can all live together

Which statement is true concerning moral principles and self interests? a. Statutes are laws applied in the English-speaking world before there were any common laws. b. Philosophers agree that morality is based on the commands of God. c. "Groupthink" is a positive and necessary characteristic of all groups. d. Morality serves to restrain our purely self-interested desires so that we can all live together