Philosophy 1330 Study Guide

Duke of Zhou

Takes over the throne after King Wu dies, because King Wu's son is too young to take over. This person is known as a "paragon of virtue".

Purusha

Cosmic man sacrificed and split into four to create the caste system, or all of life itself.

Ritual Propriety

Regulative norms for conducting oneselve in every aspect of scial life. Directs activity and emotion toward social harmony and cultural achievement. Also known as "li".

Relational Self (Confucian Model)

Relations are constitutive, internal, and essential

Atomic Self (Aristotelian Model)

Relations of non-constitutive, external, and accidental (non-essential)

Four Virtues

Ren (co-humanity), Yi (appropiate conduct), Li (ritual propriety), Zhi (wisdom).

Caste System

A Hindu social class system that controlled every aspect of daily life. From top to bottom, the castes are Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra, and Dalit.

Atman

A concept from ancient Indian/Hindu philosophy. It is supposed to refer to the true nature of the real self. According to Eliot Deustch, it is pure undifferentiated, self shining consciousness and is also timeless, spacelss, and unthinkable.

Satcitananda

Representing "existence, consciousness, and bliss" or "truth, consciousness, bliss", is an epithet and description for the subjective experience of the ultimate, unchanging reality in Hinduism called Brahman.

Li

Ritual properity, principle or pattern

Shang Dynasty

Second Chinese dynasty (about 1750-1122 B.C.) which was mostly a farming society ruled by an aristocracy mostly concerned with war. They're best remembered for their art of bronze casting.

Exemplary Person

TODO

Farmer-Son-Horse Metaphor

TODO

Harmony

TODO

Huizi's Gourds

TODO

Indus Valley Seals

TODO

Intentionality

TODO

Two monks and a woman

TODO

Warring States

TODO

Wheelwright Bian

TODO

Ishvara

Can mean supreme soul, ruler, lord, king, queen or husband.

Sannyasa

One who has renounced his or her name, title, and social relations in pursuit of spiritual englithenment and liberation.

Soma

A fermented juice drink believed to have been consumed by the Hindu gods and their accient priests, the barhmanas, during rituals. perfonished by the god of the same name who is the god of sacrifices.

Indra

A guardian deity and the king of the highest heaven called Saudharmakalapa in Jainism.

Aryan

A linguistic category, authors of the Sanskrit language.

Jiva

A living being or antity entity imbued with a life force.

Metaphor of Water (Mencius)

A metaphor stating that human nature is naturally good by comparing it to the natural flow of water. The flow of water can be forced another way, like human nature can be forced to be bad. However, it will never be naturally this way.

Zhuangzi

A philsopher who lived during the time of the warring states period. He is the author of the book, the Zhuangzhi. He used his abilities to refute Confucianists and Mohists.

Yoga

A system of exercises practiced as part of the Hindu discipline to promote control of the body and mind.

Ox Mountain (Mencius)

Argued that "bad" human natures were produced just as the bad condition of Ox Mountain had been produced, so the answer to "bad" humans was to protect and nurture them from birth. He also thought that punishment does not do much good. It does not cure the root of the problem.

Qi

Energy, material energy

King Wu

First true king of the Zhou dynasty after his father King Wen. King Wu was the one that conquered the lands.

King Wen

Founder of Zhou dynasty, and crowned as the first king of it after his death.

Gongfu

Hard work and self cultivation

Gaozi (Kao-tzu) on Human nature

Human nature is eating, drinking, and copulating.

Wu

Indeterminacy

Upanishad

Literally means "to sit near". Normally refers to one becoming closer with themself. However, they can also refer to philosophical religious texts which come after the texts known as the "Vedas". They are also writen in Sanskrit.

Vedanta

Meaning "the end of the vedas"

Maya

Meaning magic or illusion, it is a fundamental concept in Hindu philosophy, notably in the Advaita (nondualist) school of Vedanta. Originally denoted the magic power with which a go can make human beings belive in waht turns out to be an illusion.

Avidya

Means "ignorance" in Sanskrit.

Role Ethics

Morality based on the fulfillment of a role, such as that of a parent or child.

Wuwei

Non-action

Brahman (Nirguna, Saguna)

One of the states of being in Indian/Hindu philosophy. It is stated to be a state of being where all of the differences between someone, their world, and God himself are lost and trasncended. It is uspposed to tbe the ultimate sacred reality, the highest state of being one can be.

The Four Vedas

The Rig, Sama, Yajur, and Atharva.

Daodejing

The central text of Daoism; translated as The Way and Its Power.

Agni

The fire god of Hinduism. He is the fire of the sun, lightning, and both the domestic and sacrificial hearth. He is sometimes identified with Rudra, forerunner of the god Shiva.

Tian

The heavens/the sky. Can also refer to a deity.

Sanskrit

The language of the Vedas.

Laozi

The legendary Daoist philosopher that created Daoism. He is the author of the Daodejing. His name also means "old master" in Chinese.

Zhou Dynasty

The longest lasting Chinese dynasty, during which the use of iron was introduced. It lasted from 1050 BCE to 256 BCE. It was ruled by King Wen, King Wu, and the Duke of Zhou.

Four Books

The major Confucian books, which include the sayings of Confucius and Mencius. These books are the Book of Odes, Book of Documents, Book of Changes, Book of Rites, and the SPring and Autumn Annals.

Tianming

The mandate of heaven that the ruler must be moral.

Veda

The original Hindu scriptures. These scriptures were written in the ancient language of Sanskrit. Canonically, they also come before the Upanishads.

Samsara

The process of reincarnation.

Dao

The root (the way) of the world.

Phenomenology

The study of individuals' own unique, first-person, conscious experience.

Trimurti

The triad of the three gods Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva.

Rectification of Names (Zheningming)

Things in actual fact should be made to accord with the implications attached to them by names, the preqrequisites for correct lviing and even efficient government being that all classes of scoeity should accord to waht they ought to be.

Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro

Two cities in the Indus River Valley region. Part of ancient civilization from 2600-1900 BCE.

De

Virtue or excellence

Four Levels of Consciousness (Advaita Vedanta)

Waking consciousness (jagarita-sthana), Dream consciousness (svapna-sthana), deep sleep consciousness (susupti), and transcendatal consciousness (turiya-lit). Waking consciousness is where one is simply awake or self aware. Dream consciousness is the level of self that is inwardly cognitive of the impressions that carried over from the waking state. Deep sleep is supposed to be a bliss that coems from the fact that one does not have to deal with the misery caused through the effor tof one's mind. Transcendental is when one obtains self-realization, which in turn leads to their freedom.