Photosynthesis

25. What are the two phases of photosynthesis? a. Chemiosmosis and photochemical reactions b. Carbon reduction reactions and oxidation reactions c. Light-dependent reactions and carbon fixation reactions d. Carbon fixation reactions and oxygen fixation reactions e. Light-independent reactions and carbon fixation reactions

Light-dependent reactions and carbon fixation reaction

18. By definition, substances that absorb visible light are called a. photons. b. pigments. c. porphyrins. d. nucleotides. e. hydrocarbons.

Pigments

34. How many electrons are needed to reduce one molecule of NADP+ to NADPH? a. One b. Two c. Three d. Four e. Five

Two

6. Which part of the chlorophyll molecule is responsible for absorbing light? a. Methyl group b. Porphyrin ring c. Magnesium ion d. Phosphate group e. Long hydrocarbon side chain

Porphyrin ring

46. In C3 plants, the ____ are typically closed at night and open during the daytime to allow for gas exchange. a. grana b. stomata c. cuticles d. epidermis e. spongy mesophyll

Stomata

20. What is the fluid-filled sac within the inner membrane of a chloroplast called? a. Grana b. Lumen c. Stroma d. Thylakoid e. Electron acceptor

Stroma

30. In which part of the chloroplast do the carbon fixation reactions take place? a. Lumen b. Stroma c. Granum d. Mesophyll e. Thylakoids

Stroma

29. Which best summarizes the overall reactions of photosynthesis? a. 6CO2 + 12H2O → C6H12O6 + 12O2. b. C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O → 6CO2 + 12H2O c. 6CO2 + 12H2O → C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O d. 12CO2 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + 12O2 + 6H2O e. 6H2CO3 + 6H2O → C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 + 6H2O + 6O2

C.

44. Which is the energy source that drives the Calvin cycle? a. ATP only b. ADP only c. G3P only d. ADP and G3P e. ATP and NADPH

ATP and NADPH

42. How many carbon fixation reactions make up the Calvin cycle? a. 2 b. 3 c. 5 d. 10 e. 13

13

21. Thylakoid membranes are involved in ____ synthesis. a. glucose b. NADP+ c. ATP d. RuBP e. PEP

ATP

12. What happens in the second phase of the Calvin cycle? a. A molecule of CO2 reacts with a phosphorylated five-carbon compound, ribulose bisphosphate. b. Two G3P molecules are removed from the cycle. c. ATP and NADPH are used to convert the PGA molecules to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. d. Thirty carbons and their associated atoms become rearranged into six molecules of ribulose phosphate. e. RuBP molecules begin the process of CO2 fixation.

ATP and NADPH are used to convert the PGA molecules to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

23. During photosynthesis, ____ is reduced and ____ is oxidized. a. O2; H2O b. CO2; H2O c. O2; C6H12O6 d. H2O; C6H12O6 e. CO2; C6H12O6

B. CO2; H2O

22. How are chlorophyll molecules attached to thylakoid membranes? a. By a magnesium ion b. With a porphyrin ring c. With a methyl group d. By a hydroxide group e. By a long hydrocarbon side chain

By a long hydrocarbon chain

41. What is the first step in the Calvin cycle? a. O2 attaches to CO2. b. O2 attaches to G3P. c. CO2 attaches to RuBP. d. CO2 attaches to Rubisco. e. CO2 attaches to phosphoglycerate.

CO2 attaches to RuBP

13. Which of the following are accessory photosynthetic pigments that expand the spectrum of light to provide energy for photosynthesis? a. Carotenoids only b. Chlorophyll a only c. Chlorophyll b only d. Carotenoids and chlorophyll a e. Carotenoids and chlorophyll b

Carotenoids and chlorophyll b

11. Which of these absorbs light primarily in the blue and red regions of the visible spectrum and is the main pigment of photosynthesis? a. Chloroadenosine b. Chlorohydrate c. Chlorpromazine d. Chloroquine e. Chlorophyll

Chlorophyll

16. The action spectrum of photosynthesis best matches the absorption spectrum of a. ATP. b. NADPH. c. carotenoids. d. carbohydrates. e. chlorophylls a and b.

Chlorophylls a and b

2. Which type of electromagnetic waves has the shortest wavelength? a. Ultraviolet b. Radio waves c. Microwaves d. Gamma waves e. Visible green light

Gamma waves

7. A group of thylakoid discs make up what part of the chloroplast? a. Lumen b. Stroma c. Granum d. Vacuole e. Mesophyll layer

Granum

8. What color does chlorophyll reflect? a. Red b. Blue c. Green d. Violet e. Yellow

Green

37. ATP is formed when ____ the thylakoid lumen. a. hydrogen ions enter b. hydrogen ions leave c. electrons enter d. electrons leave e. water is split in

Hydrogen ions leave

28. During which phase of photosynthesis is ATP and NADPH synthesized? a. Glycolysis b. Citric acid cycle c. Light-dependent phase d. Light-independent phase e. Carbon fixation reactions

Light-dependent phase

19. A chlorophyll molecule has a porphyrin ring containing a single atom of a. manganese. b. magnesium. c. phosphorus. d. nitrogen. e. iron.

Magnesium

45. In C4 plants, reactions that fix CO2 into four-carbon compounds occur in what type of cells? a. Guard cells b. Xylem cells c. Epidermal cells d. Mesophyll cells e. Bundle sheath cells

Mesophyll cells

24. Land plants, algae, and certain prokaryotes are known as _______. a. chemoheterotrophs b. photoautotrophs c. universal consumers d. primary producers e. autophotorespirators

Photoautotrophs

1. What is the process by which light energy is converted into the stored chemical energy of organic molecules? a. Diffusion b. Endocytosis c. Respiration d. Fermentation e. Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis

32. Where is the electron transport chain of photosynthesis located? a. Cristae b. Mitochondria c. Chloroplast stroma d. Thylakoid membrane e. Outer chloroplast membrane

Thylakoid membrane

17. Chlorophyll and accessory photosynthetic pigments are associated with which part of the chloroplast? a. Stroma b. Thylakoid lumen c. Thylakoid membranes d. Mesophyll membranes e. Light reaction centers of the stroma lamellae

Thylakoid membranes

35. What is the ultimate source of electrons for noncyclic electron transport, and thus photosynthesis? a. ATP b. Water c. NADP+ d. Oxygen e. Chlorophyll

Water

3. The energy of a(n) ____ is inversely proportional to its wavelength. a. radon b. proton c. photon d. neutron

electron

5. When an electron returns to its ground state, energy will be released as heat or as an emission of light, known as a. fluorescence. b. UV radiation. c. action spectrum. d. photoelectron hydrolysis. e. photoelectron degradation.

fluorescence

4. An electron absorbs a photon of light energy and becomes energized; the electron shifts from a ____ atomic orbital to a __________ atomic orbital. a. fluorescing; ground state b. ground state; lower energy c. lower energy; higher energy d. higher energy; lower energy e. ground state; different ground state

lower energy; higher energy