PHY 102 (Atoms to Galaxies), HW5, Bergfield (ISU), PHY 102 (Atoms to Galaxies), HW6, Bergfield (ISU), PHY 102 (Atoms to Galaxies), HW3, Bergfield (ISU), PHY 102 (Atoms to Galaxies), HW4, Bergfield (ISU), PHY 102 (Atoms to Galaxies), HW7, Bergfield (I...
According to the special theory of relativity, how much energy in Joules is in 0.004 micrograms (10^-6grams) of dust? Round your answer to the nearest whole number.
359,502 Joules (I used omnicalcdotcom here)
A 7.8 kg mass at the Earth's surface weighs ___ N. Round your answer to one decimal place.
76.5 Newtons
A woman runs up a flight of stairs. The gain in her gravitational potential energy is 100 J. If she runs up the same stairs with twice the speed, what is her gain in potential energy? A. 100 J B. 200 J C. 50 J D. 400 J E. 25 J
A. 100 J
A 75 kg man climbs the stairs to the fifth floor of a building, a total height of 16 m. His potential energy has increased by approximately A. 12000 J B. 59000 J C. 47000 J D. 38000 J E. 5900 J
A. 12000 J
An elevator lifts a person from the 1st floor to the 4th floor in 30s. If the power output of the elevator is 5800W, what is the work done by the elevator? A. 174,000 J B. 12,431 J C. 58,000 J D. 58 J E. none of these
A. 174,000 J
A skipper on a boat notices wave crests passing the anchor chain every 5 seconds. The skipper estimates the distance between crests is 15 m. What is the speed of the water waves? A. 3 m/s B. 5 m/s C. 15 m/s D. 45 m/s
A. 3 m/s
When U-238 emits an alpha particle, the nucleus left behind has A. 90 protons. B. 91 protons. C. 92 protons. D. 93 protons. E. 94 protons.
A. 90 protons.
Which of the following statements is Newton's 2nd law? A. Force equals mass times acceleration. B. Objects in motion will stay in motion and objects at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. C. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. D. There is an attractive force between any 2 objects in the universe.
A. Force equals mass times acceleration.
What is the lowest energy level in an atom called? A. The ground state. B. The floor state. C. The basement state. D. The first state. E. The first excited state.
A. The ground state.
Which of the following is one of the postulates upon which Einstein's theories are based? A. The speed of light is constant. B. Time Dilation C. Length Contraction D. General Theory of Relativity E. Space and Time are one entity.
A. The speed of light is constant.
True or False: The earth has a magnetic field
A. True
The fact that desert sand is very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has A. a low specific heat. B. a high specific heat. C. no specific heat.
A. a low specific heat.
A good heat conductor is A. a poor insulator. B. a good insulator. C. neither a poor nor a good insulator. D. both a good insulator and a poor insulator. E. very dense.
A. a poor insulator.
An electric motor is very similar to A. an electric generator. B. an automobile battery. C. a radio receiver. D. None of the above choices are correct.
A. an electric generator.
An electron and a proton A. attract each other. B. repel each other. C. neither attract nor repel each other.
A. attract each other.
The electrical force between charges is strongest when the charges are A. close together. B. far apart. C. The electric force is constant everywhere. D. opposite signs. E. the same signs.
A. close together.
Aluminum has a specific heat capacity more than twice that of copper. Place equal masses of aluminum and copper wire in a flame and the one to undergo the fastest increase in temperature will be A. copper. B. aluminum. C. both the same.
A. copper.
As a system becomes more disordered, entropy A. increases. B. decreases. C. remains the same. D. goes to zero.
A. increases.
Color depends on what characteristic of light? A. its frequency B. its amplitude C. its speed D. all of these E. none of these
A. its frequency
The Bohr model of the atom is akin to a A. miniature solar system. B. blob of plum pudding, where raisins represent atomic nuclei. C. central heavy ball with lighter balls connected by springs. D. all of these
A. miniature solar system.
The SI unit of force is the A. newton. B. gram. C. pound. D. kilogram. E. meters per second squared.
A. newton.
Carbon dating requires that the object being tested contain A. organic material. B. inorganic material. C. charcoal. D. sugar molecules. E. none of these
A. organic material.
Strip electrons from an atom and the atom becomes a A. positive ion. B. negative ion. C. different element. D. molecule. E. a neutral ion.
A. positive ion.
The atomic number of an element is the same as the number of its A. protons. B. neutrons. C. nucleons. D. neither of these
A. protons.
Your strange friend flies past you in a relativistic spacecraft holding a meterstick and a clock. The meterstick appears too ___ to you, and the clock appears ____ to you. A. short, slow B. long slow C. short, fast D. long, fast E. short, normal
A. short, slow
Compared to clocks in a stationary reference frame, clocks in a moving reference frame run A. slower. B. faster. C. at the same speed.
A. slower.
What makes an element distinct? A. the number of protons B. the number of neutrons C. the number of electrons D. the total mass of all the particles E. none of these
A. the number of protons
Two charged particles attract each other with a force F. If the charges of both particles are doubled, and the distance between them also doubled, then the force of attraction will be A. the same. B. twice as large. C. half as much. D. 1/4 as much. E. none of these
A. the same.
A hockey puck is set in motion across a frozen pond. If friction and air resistance are neglected, the force required to keep the puck sliding at constant velocity is A. zero. B. equal to its weight. C. equal to its weight divided by its mass. D. equal to the product of its mass times its weight. E. equal to its mass.
A. zero.
The freezing point of water in the Celsius scale is A. ? 273 degrees C. B. 0 degrees C. C. 32 degrees C. D. 100 degrees C. E. 212 degrees C.
B. 0 degrees C.
An 80 kg man on ice skates pushes a 40 kg boy, also on skates, with a force of 100 N. The force exerted by the boy on the man is A. 200 N B. 100 N C. 50 N D. 40 N E. zero unless the boy pushes back.
B. 100 N
A force accelerates an object of mass M. A second object requires twice the force to produce the same acceleration. What is the mass of the second body? A. M B. 2M C. M/2 D. 4M E. M/4
B. 2M
Entropy is closely related to the A. 1st law of thermodynamics. B. 2nd law of thermodynamics. C. 0th law of thermodynamics D. both of these E. neither of these
B. 2nd law of thermodynamics.
A 60-vibration-per-second wave travels 30 meters in 1 second. Its frequency is A. 30 hertz and it travels at 60 m/s. B. 60 hertz and it travels at 30 m/s. C. 1800 hertz and it travels at 2 m/s. D. 30 hertz and it travels at 30 m/s E. 60 hertz and it travels at 60 m/s
B. 60 hertz and it travels at 30 m/s.
In your house, most heat is lost through the process of A. Heat B. Conduction C. Convection D. Radiation E. Temperature
B. Conduction
True or False: Einstein won the Nobel prize for his theories of relativity. A. True B. False
B. False
True or False: If you cut a bar magnet in half, you will get a magnet that is only a north pole and a magnet that is only a south pole.
B. False
A temperature difference of 10 degrees Celsius is also equal to a temperature difference of 10 on the A. Fahrenheit scale. B. Kelvin scale. C. Joule scale. D. all of these. E. none of these
B. Kelvin scale.
Which of the following statements is Newton's 1st law? A. Force equals mass times acceleration. B. Objects in motion will stay in motion and objects at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. C. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. D. There is an attractive force between any 2 objects in the universe.
B. Objects in motion will stay in motion and objects at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an outside force
A satellite is sent out in space. Which of the following is true of the satellite as it moves away from the earth? A. The satellite's mass and weight remain equal. B. The satellite's mass remains constant and its weight decreases. C. The satellite's mass decreases and its weight remains constant. D. The satellite's mass and weight decrease. E. The satellite's mass decreases and its weight increases.
B. The satellite's mass remains constant and its weight decreases.
Electric charges of the opposite sign A. also have the same magnitude. B. attract each other. C. exert no forces on each other. D. repel each other.
B. attract each other.
For light, a red shift indicates that the light source is moving A. toward you. B. away from you. C. actually, all of these D. none of these
B. away from you.
A spaceship that is traveling very fast with respect to your frame of reference, fires a photon beam that travels at speed c with respect to the spaceship. You measure the photon beam's speed to be A. c/2. B. c. C. 2c. D. 4c. E. 16c.
B. c.
What do electrons have that protons always have in equal magnitude? A. mass B. charge C. energy D. all of these E. none of these
B. charge
The stretching out of time due to motion is called time A. stretching. B. dilation. C. contraction. D. warp. E. expansion.
B. dilation.
A person drops one rock from rest and it falls 100 meters down a cliff before hitting the ground. The person then throws an identical rock downward. The amount of kinetic energy gained by the rock dropped from rest is ________ that of the second rock, and the change in potential energy of the rock dropped from rest is _________ that of the second rock. A. equal to, greater than B. equal to, equal to C. less than, less than D. equal to, less than E. less than, equal to
B. equal to, equal to
If you apply the same force to objects with masses M and 4M, the acceleration of mass M is A. the same as mass 4M. B. four times the acceleration of mass 4M. C. one fourth the acceleration of mass 4M. D. twice the acceleration of mass 4M. E. one-half the acceleration of mass 4M.
B. four times the acceleration of mass 4M.
A substance that heats up relatively quickly has a A. high specific heat capacity. B. low specific heat capacity. C. high conductivity. D. low conductivity. E. large thermal energy.
B. low specific heat capacity.
Systems that are left alone, tend to move toward a state of A. less entropy. B. more entropy. C. no entropy. D. peace. E. internal energy.
B. more entropy.
A skydiver falls through the air gaining 20 J of kinetic energy. How much gravitational potential energy did she lose? Include air resistance. A. 20 J B. more than 20 J C. less than 20 J D. One needs to know the mass of the skydiver. E. One needs to know how far she fell.
B. more than 20 J
If you comb your hair and the comb becomes positively charged, then your hair becomes A. positively charged. B. negatively charged. C. uncharged. D. a different color.
B. negatively charged.
Which of the following are electrically neutral? A. proton B. neutron C. electron D. ion E. none of these
B. neutron
During a single period, the distance traveled by a wave is A. one-half wavelength. B. one wavelength. C. two wavelengths. D. four wavelengths.
B. one wavelength.
Two charged particles held close to each other are released. As they move, the force on each particle increases. Therefore, the particles must have A. the same sign. B. opposite signs. C. the same mass. D. the same size. E. impossible to answer without additional information
B. opposite signs.
A main difference between gravitational and electric forces is that electrical forces A. attract. B. repel or attract. C. obey the inverse-square law. D. act over shorter distances. E. are weaker.
B. repel or attract.
Clocks on a spaceship moving very fast relative to the Earth run more slowly when viewed from A. the spaceship. B. the Earth. C. both places. D. neither place.
B. the Earth.
If an object is raised twice as high, its potential energy will be A. half as much B. twice as much. C. four times as much. D. impossible to determine unless the time is given. E. impossible to determine unless the mass is given.
B. twice as much.
The power required to exert 64N of force over a distance of 8m in 32 seconds is A. 128 W B. 32,000 W C. 16 W D. 96 W E. impossible to predict
C. 16 W
Einstein developed his special theory of relativity in A. 1900 B. 1902 C. 1905 D. 1910 E. 1915
C. 1905
Room temperature on the Kelvin scale is about A. 100 K. B. 200 K. C. 300 K. D. 400 K. E. more than 400 K.
C. 300 K.
You are riding on in the back of a truck that is traveling at 70 mph relative to an observer. You push a pumpkin off the back of the truck at 5 mph. How fast does an observer standing on the ground outside the pumpkin fly by? A. 70 mph B. 75 mph C. 65 mph D. 5 mph E. 350 mph
C. 65 mph
You are riding on a train that is traveling at 90 mph. You throw a pen at your sister in the opposite direction that the train is moving at a speed of 7 mph. How fast does an observer standing on the ground outside the train see the ball travel? A. 90 mph B. 97 mph C. 83 mph D. 7 mph E. 630 mph
C. 83 mph
A spaceship in deep outer space is moving with a constant speed in a straight line. Which of the following is true? A. A single force is acting on the spaceship in the direction of motion. B. A single force is acting on the spaceship opposite the direction of motion. C. A net force of zero is acting on the spaceship. D. A constant net force is acting on the spaceship.
C. A net force of zero is acting on the spaceship.
Which of the following statements is Newton's 3rd law? A. Force equals mass times acceleration. B. Objects in motion will stay in motion and objects at rest will stay at rest unless acted upon by an outside force. C. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. D. There is an attractive force between any 2 objects in the universe.
C. For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.
The SI units of work are A. Calories B. Kilocalories C. Joules D. Watts E. Newtons
C. Joules
A force accelerates an object of mass M. The same force applied to a second object produces 4 times the acceleration. What is the mass of the second object? A. M B. 4M C. M/4 D. 16M E. M/16
C. M/4
Rapid change of a magnetic field induces A. a magnetic field of greater magnitude. B. a magnetic field of the same magnitude. C. an electric field. D. nothing.
C. an electric field.
An atom with an imbalance of electrons to protons is A. a hadron. B. a baryon. C. an ion. D. an isotope. E. none of these
C. an ion.
Compared to standard Earth time, there is a physical slowing of your time when you travel at A. relativistic speeds. B. everyday low speeds. C. both of these D. none of these
C. both of these
Your space vehicle is traveling directly away from the earth with a speed of c/2, where c is the speed of light. A light signal is sent from earth. The speed with which this light passes your vehicle, as measured by the crew, is A. c/4 B. c/2 C. c D. 3c/4 E. 2c/3
C. c
At a concert the oboe is playing a long steady note as you walk away from the stage at an accelerating velocity toward the rest room. The pitch of the sound that you hear is A. steady but higher than normal. B. steady but lower than normal. C. continually decreasing. D. continually increasing. E. None of the above choices are correct.
C. continually decreasing.
A balloon will stick to a wooden wall if the balloon is charged. Hint: Wood is an insulator and doesn't conduct electricity well. A. negatively. B. positively. C. either positively or negatively. D. None of the above choices are correct.
C. either positively or negatively.
A Doppler effect occurs when a source of sound moves A. towards you. B. away from you. C. either towards you or away from you. D. in a circle around you.
C. either towards you or away from you.
Which radiation has no electric charge associated with it? A. alpha rays B. beta rays C. gamma rays D. all of these E. none of these
C. gamma rays
The strength (or magnitude) of the electrical force between charges depends only on the charges' A. magnitude. B. separation distance. C. magnitude and separation distance. D. sign. E. None of the above choices are correct.
C. magnitude and separation distance.
An excited hydrogen atom is capable of emitting radiation of A. a single frequency. B. 3 frequencies. C. many more than 3 frequencies.
C. many more than 3 frequencies.
A wind turbine converts _______________ energy into electrical energy. A. chemical B. gravitational C. mechanical D. thermal E. nuclear
C. mechanical
Suppose the time taken for light to bounce to and fro between the parallel mirrors of a light clock is 1 second, in the frame of reference of the light clock. As seen by another observer moving at high speed at right angles to the to-and-fro motion of the bouncing light, the time taken would be A. also 1 second. B. less than 1 second. C. more than 1 second.
C. more than 1 second.
According to the special theory of relativity, all laws of nature are the same in reference frames that A. accelerate. B. move in circles. C. move at constant velocity. D. oscillate. E. none of these
C. move at constant velocity.
A positive ion has more A. electrons than neutrons. B. electrons than protons. C. protons than electrons. D. protons than neutrons. E. neutrons than protons.
C. protons than electrons.
The earth receives about 1.7 x 10^17 J of energy from the sun each second through a process called A. conduction. B. convection. C. radiation. D. sublimation. E. evaporation.
C. radiation.
Electric charges of the same sign A. also have the same magnitude. B. attract each other. C. repel each other. D. exert no forces on each other.
C. repel each other.
After rolling halfway down an incline after being released from rest, a marble's kinetic energy is A. less than its potential energy. B. greater than its potential energy. C. the same as its potential energy. D. impossible to determine. E. zero.
C. the same as its potential energy.
Particle A has twice the charge of nearby particle B. Compared to the force on Particle A, the force on Particle B is A. four times as much. B. twice as much. C. the same. D. half as much. E. None of the above choices are correct.
C. the same.
An object lifted 10 meters gains 200 J of potential energy. If the same object is lifted 20 meters, its potential energy gain is A. half as much. B. the same. C. twice as much. D. four times as much. E. more than four times as much.
C. twice as much.
Rutherford performed an experiment in which alpha particles were shot at a thin gold foil. About how many of the alpha particles bounced backward from the gold foil? A. 1/10 B. 1/100 C. 1/500 D. 1/1000 E. 1/10,000
D. 1/1000
A diver who weighs 500 N steps off a diving board that is 10 m above the water. The diver hits the water with kinetic energy of A. 10 J. B. 500 J. C. 510 J. D. 5000 J. E. more than 5000 J.
D. 5000 J.
When thorium (atomic number = 90) emits a beta particle, the resulting nucleus has atomic number A. 88. B. 89. C. 90. D. 91. E. 92.
D. 91.
Who was the scientist to first create the periodic table? A. Neils Bohr B. Ernest Rutherford C. J.J. Thomson D. Dmitri Mendeleev E. Erwin Schroedinger
D. Dmitri Mendeleev
A device that is used primarily to detect nuclear radiation is a A. synchrotron. B. linear accelerator. C. cyclotron. D. Geiger counter. E. All of the above choices are correct.
D. Geiger counter.
The direction of an electric field is the direction of the force that the field would exert on A. a neutral charge. B. a negative charge. C. an atom. D. a positive charge. E. a molecule.
D. a positive charge.
Substances absorb heat energy by the process of A. conduction. B. convection. C. radiation. D. all of these
D. all of these
The first law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the A. principle of entropy. B. law of heat addition. C. Carnot cycle. D. conservation of energy. E. none of these
D. conservation of energy.
The net force on a moving object suddenly becomes zero. The object then A. stops abruptly. B. stops during a short time interval. C. changes direction. D. continues at a constant velocity. E. slows down gradually.
D. continues at a constant velocity.
Which of the following does not use a generator to produce electricity? A. coal power plant B. hydroelectric dam C. wind turbine D. solar panel E. nuclear power plant
D. solar panel
A net force of 64 N acts on a mass of 16 kg. What is the acceleration of the object? A. 16 m/s/s B. 0.51 m/s/s C. 64 m/s/s D. 9 m/s/s E. 4 m/s/s
E. 4 m/s/s
Which of the following statements is (are) a consequence of Einstein's postulates? A. Every observer in every reference frame measures the same value for the speed of light. B. Moving clocks appear to run slow. C. Moving objects appear to be contracted along the direction of motion. D. Clocks synchronized in one reference frame are not synchronized in any frame moving relative to that reference frame. E. all of the above
E. all of the above
A light aluminum ball and a heavy lead ball of the same size are allowed to roll down an incline. When they are halfway down the incline, they will have identical A. kinetic energies. B. potential energies. C. momentum. D. inertia. E. none of the above choices
E. none of the above choices
A ball rolling down an incline has its maximum kinetic energy at A. the top. B. a quarter of the way down. C. halfway down. D. three-quarters of the way down. E. the bottom.
E. the bottom.
The north end of one magnet will be attracted to the ___ end of another magnet.
south