PHYL 142 CH 24
Which of the following is NOT a function of hydrochloric acid in the stomach? -Facilitating protein digestion -Activating pepsin -Killing microorganisms -Breaking down disaccharides into monosaccharides
Breaking down disaccharides into monosaccharides.
Which of the following produces, on a daily basis, the least number of the peristaltic contractions that force food through the digestive tract? -Small intestine -Stomach -Large intestine -Esophagus
Large intestine
Which of the following is NOT produced by the gastric glands in the stomach of an adult? -Intrinsic factor -Pepsinogen -Rennin -HCl
Rennin
Which two factors play important parts in moving the chime from the stomach into the small intestine? -Sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulation. -Stomach distension and gastrin release. -Release of HCl and gastric juices. -CNS and ANS regulation.
Stomach distension and gastrin release.
What type of epithelium makes up the oral mucosa?
Stratified squamous
How does the mucosa of the rectum compare with that of the colon and the cecum?
The colon and the cecum are lined with a simple columnar epithelium for absorption, whereas the rectum is lined with a stratified squamous epithelium because the rectum is next to the opening t the exterior of the body.
What is the function of bile?
To emulsify lipids.
Which oral structure(s) is/ are responsible for manipulating food to assist in chewing and in the production of the enzyme lipase?
Tongue
What is perhaps the most important function of the large intestine?
Water reabsorption
In the oral cavity, the digestive enzyme __________ is found in saliva and begins the digestion of __________.
amylase; starch
The small, slender structure that is attached to the large intestine and is suffused with lymphoid nodules is the __________.
appendix
The reflex that occurs in the large intestine and promotes the movement of feces toward the anus is the __________.
defecation reflex
When two fluids are separated by a selectively permeable membrane, water tends to flow into the fluid that has the __________.
higher concentration of solutes
The muscular sphincter that guards the entrance between the ileum and the cecum is the ______.
ileocecal valve.
The primary effect of secretin is to ______?
increase the secretion of bile and buffers by the liver and the pancreas.
The pilcae of the intestinal mucosa, which bears the intestinal villa, are structural features that __________.
increase the total surface area for absorption.
The hormone gastrin_____.
increases the activity of the parietal and chief cells.
The active process that occurs when food enters the digestive tract via the mouth is __________.
ingestion.
The lowest portion of the stomach, which forms the sharp curve of the J-shaped stomach, is the __________.
pylorus.
The enzyme lactase, which breaks down lactose into glucose and galactose, is secreted by ___________.
the brush border of the small intestine.
The Primary functins of intestinal juices include which of the following? -All of the listed responses are correct. -to dissolve digestive enzymes and the products of digestion. -to assist in buffering acids. -to moisten the chime.
-all of the listed responses are correct.
What is the correct sequence of events in moving a bolus of food to the stomach?
Bolus is moved to oropharynx; epiglottis folds over glottis; esophageal peristalsis; opening of lower esophageal sphincter.
Which process is NOT involved in the secretion of hydrochloric acid by the parietal cells of the stomach? -CO2 reacts with H2O -All of the listed choices occur in secretion of HCL -Countertransport of Cl- and HCO3- -Active transport of H+ and diffusion of Cl-
All of the listed choices occur in secretion of HCL.
The primary functions of intestinal juices include which of the following? -All of the listed responses are correct. -To assist in buffering acids. -To moisten the chime. -To dissolve digestive enzymes and the products of digestion.
All of the listed responses are correct.
Why would you NOT be able to swallow a completely dry food bolus? -Friction with the walls of the esophagus would make peristalsis ineffective. -The dry food would stimulate sympathetic activity, inhibiting peristalsis. -The dry food would inhibit parasympathetic activity in the esophagus. -All of the listed responses are correct.
All of the listed responses are correct.
Which of the following are NOT absorbed in the large intestine? -Water -all of the listed substances are absorbed in the large intestine. -Certain vitamins, such as vitamin K -Organic wastes, such as urobilinogens.
All of the listed substances are absorbed in the large intestine.
What is the importance of the mesenteries? -All the listed choices are correct. -A route for blood vessels to and from the digestive tract . -Preventing the intestines from becoming entangled -Stabilizing the attached organs.
All the listed choices are correct.
What is the benefit of the stomach having rugae?
Allowing the expansion of the lumen.
The absorption of which vitamin would be impaired if the stomach were removed?
B12
Which mineral requires calcitriol and PTH for its absorption by the digestive tract?
Ca2+
Which of the following is NOT a region of the small intestine? -Ileum -Jejunum -Duodenum -Cecum
Cecum
What is the correct sequence of parts in the colon moving from the small intestine to anus?
Cecum; ascending colon; transverse colon; descending colon; sigmoid colon; rectum.
Which of the following phases of gastric activity is brought on by the sight, smell, or thought of food? -Cephalic phase -Pharyngeal phase -Intestinal phase -Gastric phase
Cephalic phase
The enteroendocrine cells of the intestinal crypts are responsible for producing which intestinal hormones?
Cholecystokinin and secretin.
Why are older people sometimes subjected to recurring episodes of constipation?
Decreased smooth muscles tone.
Which of the following is the term for swallowing? -Digestion -Deglutition -Absorption -Mastication
Deglutition
The chemical breakdown of food into small organic fragments that can be absorbed by the digestive epithelium is __________.
Digestion
What is the main stimulus that triggers the defecation reflex?
Distension of the rectum?
Which of the following produces, on a daily basis, the least number of peristaltic contractions that force food through the digestive tract? -Large intestine -Stomach -Esophagus -Small intestine
Large intestine
What is the benefit of the large folds of the lining of the esophagus?
Expansion for swallowing.
What component of the food would increase the number of chylomicrons in the lacteals?
Fats
Gastric glands, which produce most of the gastric juices, are abundant in which of the following regions of stomach? -Pylorus -Body -Fundus -Fundus and body
Fundus and body.
Why is diarrhea potentially life threatening?
Loss of water and electrolytes?
What type of tooth can have two or three roots and is best suited for helping in mastication by grinding and crushing food?
Molars
What is the order of the layers of the gastrointestinal tract, starting with the layer in contact with the food?
Mucosa; submucosa; muscularis externa; serosa.
Which layer of the digestive tract is responsible for peristalsis and segmentation?
Muscularis externa
Which of the following does NOT digest proteins? -Trypsin -Enteropeptidase -Nuclease -Pepsin
Nuclease
Which regions of the pharynx serve as passageways for food on its way to the esophagus?
Oropharynx and laryngopharynx
Which of the following does NOT digest carbohydrates? -Lactase -Pancreatic alpha-amylase -Sucrase -Pancreatic lipase
Pancreatic lipase
What is the cell type that secretes intrinsic factor?
Parietal cells
Which of the following digestive region is responsible for the propulsion of material into the esophagus -Salivary glands -Stomach -Gallbladder -Pharynx
Pharynx
The "doorway to the liver" (porta hepatis) includes the ______?
bile duct, hepatic portal vein, and hepatic artery.
The pancreas produces enzymes that digest __________.
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Triglycerides coated with proteins create complexes know as __________.
chylomicrons
