Phylum Euglenozoa, Phylum Chlorophyta
two diseases caused by Trypanosoma
1.) sleeping sickness 2.) Chagas disease (transmitted by the "kissing bug")
life cycle of Volvox
Reproduces both sexually and asexually; daughter colonies eventually escape by rupture of the mother colony. In fall, the asexual colonies develop sex cells. Some cells enlarge to form macrogametes (eggs). Other cells form microgametes (sperm). The sperm escapes to fertilize the eggs, which become zygotes. In spring, the zygotes break out of the cysts (formed to protect the zygotes during winter) to give rise, by cell division, to new asexual colonies.
paramylon (Euglena)
a carbohydrate similar to starch.
reservoir (Euglena)
a clear, flask-shaped space in the anterior end; from which the flagellum emerges.
sleeping sickness (Trypanosoma)
a disease caused by certain trypanosomes, transmitted by tsetse flies.
chlorophyll (Euglena)
a green pigment found in cyanobacteria and the chloroplasts of algae and plants.
daughter colonies (Volvox)
a miniature colony created asexually by repeated division of the cells.
contractile vacuole (Euglena)
a sub-cellular structure, involved in osmoregulation.
locomotion in Euglena
by flagellum
reproduction in Euglena
by longitudinal fission
cell differentiation (Volvox)
cells become more specialized, resulting in the division of labor among cells.
reproductive cells (Volvox)
cells in charge of reproduction for the colony. (Gonodia)
protoplasmic strands (Volvox)
fine strands that connectthe zooids together, on the surface of a gelatinous ball.
longitudinal fission (Euglena)
fission begins at the anterior end and proceeds posteriorly. (front to back)
pellicle (Euglena)
flexible, protective covering over the body of the Euglena; secreted by the clear ectoplasm that surrounds the endoplasm.
endoplasm (Euglena)
generally refers to the inner part of a cell's cytoplasm.
holophytic (Euglena)
gets nutrition from photosynthesis.
feeding in Euglena
holophytic (photosynthesis)
sex cells (macrogametes & microgametes) (Volvox)
in the fall, the asexual colonies develop sex cells. macrogametes (eggs) and microgametes (sperm).
obligate heterotrophs (Trypanosoma)
lack chlorophyll and obtain their organic and inorganic requirements from the environment.
osmotrophic (Trypanosoma)
meaning the organism absorbs it's nutrients directly from the surrounding blood or other body fluids.
Phylum Euglenozoa
movement by flagella; cortical microtubules.
heterotrophic
obtain their nutrients by absorbing them through the plasma membrane or by engulfing prey in food vacuoles.
zooids (Vovox)
one-celled individuals that comprise the spherical colonies of volvox.
autotrophic
possess chlorophyll and can synthesize carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water.
somatic cells (Volvox)
quite similar to other flagellated animals; make up most of the colony; they handle nutrition, locomotion, and response to stimuli for the entire colony. (contain chloroplast)
encystment (Euglena)
rounds up and forms a gelatinous wall around itself.
chlorophlasts (Euglena)
specialized organelles; their main role is to conduct photosynthesis.
flagella (Volvox)
tail-like extension, used for locomotion.
flagellum (Euglena)
tail-like structure, used for locomotion.
life cycle of Trypanosoma
takes place in host (human)
stigma (Euglena)
the "eyespot" is a reddish pigment spot that shades a swollen basal area (thought to light-sensitive) of the flagellum.
zooflagellates
the animal-like flagellate. (heterotrophic)
ectoplasm (Euglena)
the outer layer of the cytoplasm.
phytoflagellates
the plantlike flagellate (having one or more flagella). (autotrophic)
zygotes (Volvox)
the sperm escape and fertilize the eggs; which beome zygotes. (earliest developmental stage of the embryo)
Phylum Chlorophyta
unicellular and multi-cellular algae; photosynthetic chlorophyll pigments; flagella of equal length and smooth; mostly free-living photoautotrophs.
