PHYS 103/Astronomy 001-006 Test 2
23 The number of moons of mercury is
0
47 The number of moons venus is
0
42 An ion rocket engine produces 1 Newton of thrust. What acceleration can it give to a space probe with a mass of 1000kg?
0.001m/s2
31 The density of water is 1000kg/m3, the density of rock is about 3000kg/m3, and the density of iron is 7800kg/m3. Which of the following densities is closest to the average density of Jupiter
1200kg/m2
41 the first human landing on the moon was Apollo 11 in
1969
28 Which of the following time periods is closest to the time from a New Moon to the next Waning Quarter Moon?
22.5 days
15 The length of a sidereal month is 27 days. The time from one full Moon to the next is closest to
29.5 days
6a If the planets are numbered from 1 to 8, going outward from the Sun, the planet Mars is number
4
26 What total force will cause an object with a mass of 0.5kg to gain 100 meters per second every second
50 newton
24 Which of the following temperatures would be most likely at noon on the hottest day of the year in the warmest part of Mars
50F
37 The density of water is 1000kg/m3, the density of rock is about 3000kg/m3, and the density of iron is 7800kg/m3. Which of the following densities is closest to the average density of the Earth?
5200kg/m2
5. If the planets are numbered from 1 to 8, going outward from the Sun, the planet Neptune is number
8
1. Once its rockets have cease firing, an Intercontinental Ballistic Missile will follow a path that is best described as
An ellipse with the center of the earth at one focus
15 Galileo predicted that dropping a wooden ball and an iron ball at exactly the same time would result in them hitting the ground at the same time, so long as air friction was negligible. When he actually did the experiment, the balls hit the ground very close together, but sometimes the wooden ball hit rst and sometimes the iron one hit rst. If we repeat his experiment today, we nd exactly the same thing. Which of the following conclusions is appropriate?
Galileo's theory was not disproven because the slight differences can be explained by defects in the experiment
16 The force that acts on a rocket because its engine is ring is exerted by
The exhaust from the rocket
2a The first space probe to land on venus was
Venera 7
14 Which of the following three systems is regarded as the most normal for a terrestrial planet
Venus, with no moon at all
14 Which of the following three systems is regarded as the most normal for a terrestrial planet?
Venus, with no moons at all
34 a lunar crater is best described as
a circulear ring wall surrounding a flat area
25 Just after sunset, you might find
a waxing cresent moon setting in the west
49 You see a waning Gibbous Moon directly south. What time might it be?
about 3 am
11 In comparison to Keplers Laws of Planetary Motion, Newtons theory of Universal Gravitation predicted
almost the same motions but with corrections
1a Venus has
an atmosphere of carbon dioxide with about 90 times the surface pressure of Earth's
28 The rst human landing on the Moon was
apollo 11 in 1969
39 Our Sun sends out intense streams of charged particle radiation. Most of these charged particles
are trapped by the earth's magnetic field for a while and then strike the atmosphere over the poles
37 When Galileo dropped a wooden ball and a heavier iron ball at the same time, he was expecting that
both balls would hit exactly the same time
4. Most Kuiper Belt Objects are similar in composition to
comets
25 A sidereal month, is dened to be the time it takes for the Moon to
complete a full circle on the celestial sphere
41 Relative to the distant stars, mercury
completes 1.5 rotations each time it orbits the sun
18 Relative to the distant stars, Venus
completes less than one full rotation each time it orbits the sun
2. If you are looking down over the north pole of the Earth, you will see the Earth rotate
counterclockwise
5a If you are looking down over the north pole of the Earth, you will see the Earth rotate
counterclockwise
12 Marsorbit is currently (within the last few hundred years)
elliptical enough to make the intensity of sunlight vary by 40 percdent
17 Marsorbit is currently (within the last few hundred years)
elliptical enough to make the intensity of sunlight vary by 40 percent
45 Earths orbit is currently elliptical enough to make the intensity of sunlight vary by 6 percent. The largest Earth-Sun distance (and lowest intensity sunlight) occurs
every july
13 Temperatures on the surface of Mercury are
extremely varied because it has no atmosphere to spread the heat
19 The International Space Station (ISS) is in a roughly circular orbit near the surface of the Earth, moving at around 5 miles per second. Suppose that a rocket pushes it and quickly increases its speed to 6 miles per second. The ISS will then
follow an ellipse that rises and then descends again
36 Mars
has a solar day that is very close to an Earth day in length
12 Newtons Universal Law of Gravity explains all but one of the following things
how the sun shines
40 The statement that lunar material is much dryerthan Earth material refers to the absence of
hydrated minerals
8 The statement that lunar material is much dryerthan Earth material refers to the absence of
hydrated minerals
21 Comets are usually made of
ice and possibly frozen gas
35 When Newton calculated the magnitude and direction of the acceleration for a planet that was following Keplers Laws, he found that the magnitude of the planets acceleration was
inversely proportional to the square of the planets distance from the sun
9.The Earth's moon
is 1/4 the size of the earth, which is usually large for a moon
40 Galileo said that a moving object with nothing pushing or pulling on it will always
keep moving at the same speed
17 The Russian Venera 9 space probe was sent to Venus, where it
landed on the surface and took pictures
3.The Russian Venera 9 space probe was sent to Venus, where it
landed on the surface and took pictures
9 Aristarchus measured the angle between the Sun and the Moon when exactly half of the Moon was illuminated. He found this angle to be
less than 90 degrees by an amount too small for him to measure
20 Ancient lava ows on the Moon are called Lunar
maria
36 Which of these planets has a solar day that is very close to an Earth day in length?
mars
4a Which of the following planets has a magnetic eld whose intensity is about 1% of the intensity of the Earths magnetic eld?
mercury
16 Aristarchus measured the angle between the Sun and the Moon when exactly half of the Moon was illuminated. He found this angle to be slightly less than 90 degrees. Suppose that he had, instead, found the angle to be more than 90 degrees. In that case, which of the following conclusions would he have been forced to accept?
moonlight is not actually reflected sunlight
49 in the surface environment of Mars, water exists
mostly as ice and water vapor
31 Galileo was the original discoverer of
newton's first law of motion
46 Galileo said that once an object is set in motion, it will keep moving at the same speed so long as
no force
30 When you throw a baseball, the baseball keeps moving because
no force stops it
44 The patent for inventing the telescope was obtained by
nobody because it was too simple an idea to patent
24 Which of the following space probs flew past saturn but not past Jupiter
none of these
7. Galileos observation that Venus goes through a full cycle of phases just like the Moon was signicant mainly because that is
not what the Ptolemaic theory predicted
42 Galileo's observations that venus goes through a full cycle of phases just like the moon was signifcant mainly becuase that is
not what the ptolmaic theory predicted
46 Galileo is generally acknowledged to be the first to
observe the heavens with a telescope
50 When Newtons Laws were applied to predict the exact motion of the planet Uranus, the prediction failed to agree with very precise measurements. This failure led to the discovery
of the planet neptune
45 The Moon rotates on its axis relative to the distant stars
once every sidreal month
22 The distance from the Earth to the sun is
one astronomical unit
26 The key argument against the Moon forming from the Earth alone, by breakup of a single object is that the Moons
orbit is tilted relative to earth's equator
47 The first space probe to test the air bag landing system was
pathfinder
38 The thing that is useful about a scientic model of a physical system is that it
predicts the results of obersvations on real systems
7 The thing that is useful about a scientic model of a physical system is that it
predicts the results of observations on real systems
33 The magnetic eld of Mars is
present only locally, near magentized ore deposits
10. You would expect to see a waxing crescent Moon
setting in the west right after the sun
43 The range of temperatures on Mars is
similar to those in antarctica
48 The ancient greeks connected the force exerted on an object to the objects
speed
21 In the picture that we used in class, with the Sun above the top of the picture and the Earth shown with its North Pole facing you, the part of the Earth that is to the right of the North pole in the picture is experiencing
sunrise
20 An astronomical unit is defined to be
the average distance from the earth to the sun
48 An artificial satellite such as the International space statioin stays up because
the earth curves out from under it as fast as it falls
43 Our Sun sends out intense streams of charged particle radiation. The radiation is prevented from hitting the Earths atmosphere by
the earth's magnetic field
34 A book, weighing 10 Newtons, sits on a table. Which of the following pairs of forces is an action-reaction pair?
the force that the book exerts on the table and the force that the table exerts on the book
22 Suppose that you drop a wooden ball and an iron ball, both the exact same diameter, from the same height at the same time. Aristotle would predict that
the iron ball would hit the ground long before the wooden ball
35 Pluto is now regarded as
the largest dwarf planet in the kuiper belt
32 The ancient Greeks concluded that the Sun is farther from the Earth than the Moon because
the moon's shadow falls on the earth during a solar eclipse
38 The ancient Greeks concluded that the Sun is farther from the Earth than the Moon because
the moon's shadow falls on the earth during a solar eclipse
11 The changing phases of the Moon are caused by
the motion of the moon around the earth
50 Which of the following circumstances would suggest that a rotating planet contains a core liquid iron?
the planet is much denser than rock and has a magnetic field
19 Viking 1 and 2 were sent to explore
the planets mars
10 Suppose that an object with a mass of one kilogram and an object with a mass of two kilograms are both in free fall near the Earths surface. As compared to the one kilogram object, the two kilogram object accelerates a. less because it has more inertia.
the same because gravity pulls on it more strongly and it has more inertia
33 The Moon rotates on its axis so that it always keeps
the same side (its far side) pointed away from the earth
27 In Newtons Theory of planetary motion
the sun and earth move around each other
23 The fact that the International Space Station is above most of the Earths atmosphere is important because it means that
there is no air friction to slow the space station down
30 In the picture that we used in class, with the Sun above the top of the picture and the Earth shown with its North Pole facing you, the part of the Earth that is experiencing sunrise would be
to the right of the north pole in the picture
29 When Newton calculated the magnitude and direction of the acceleration for a planet that was following Keplers Laws, he found that the direction of the acceleration was
toward the sun
32 When Newton calculated the magnitude and direction of the acceleration for a planet that was following Keplers Laws, he found that the direction of the acceleration was
towards the sun
39 Asteriods are
usually found in the asteriod belt, between the orbits of mars and jupiter
6. The first space probe to land on Venus was
venera 7
29 The first soft landing on Mars was by the
viking landers
13 The rst spacecraft to make detailed maps of the Galilean satellites of Jupiter was/were
voyager 1 and 2
8 Which of the following phases of the Moon would be seen high in the south at dawn?
waning quarter
27 You see the Moon almost directly in the south at 3am. What phase is it?
wanning gibbous
44 Which of the following phases of the moon would be see high in the south at sunset
waxing quarter
3a The Law of Inertia says that if an object is not acted on by any outside force, its acceleratio
will always be zero
18 if an object is moving at constant speed in a straight line, its acceleration is
zero