PHYS 1320 CH. 33

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Suppose the half-life of a material is 10 days. You have one 1 kg of the material today. How much of the material would you have after 10 days and 20 days, respectively?

0.5 kg after 10 days, and 0.25 kg after 20 days

The half-life of carbon 14 is 5730 years. If a 1-gram sample of old carbon is 1/8 as radioactive as 1-gram of a current sample, then the age of the old sample is about

17,200 years.

A material has a half-life of 1 day. If 2 kg of this material is available today, how much of it was available yesterday, and how much the day before?

4kg yesterday, and 8 kg the day before

When radium (A = 88) emits an alpha particle, the resulting nucleus has atomic number

86

Which of the following isotopes is radioactive?

Carbon-14

Suppose 2 kg of a material has a half-life of 1 day. After how long will NONE of the material remain?

Never

It's impossible for a hydrogen atom to emit an alpha particle.

True

The discovery of radioactivity closely followed the discovery of _______.

X-rays

An element that undergoes radioactive decay becomes _______.

an entirely different element

An atom with an imbalance of electrons to protons is

an ion.

If an alpha particle and a beta particle have the same energy, which particle will penetrate farther into an object?

beta particle

When an alpha particle is ejected from a nucleus, the nucleus then has less

both of these; charge & mass.

When a nucleus emits a beta particle, its atomic number

changes, but its mass number remains constant.

Which of these ejects the greatest amount of dangerous radiation into the atmosphere?

coal-fired power plants

The sources of X-rays and gamma rays, respectively, are

electron clouds and the atomic nucleus.

When a gamma ray is emitted by a nucleus, the nucleus then has less

energy.

Which type of radiation - alpha, beta, or gamma - predominates within an enclosed elevator descending into a uranium mine?

gamma

Which of these is electromagnetic radiation?

gamma radiation

Which radiation has no electric charge associated with it?

gamma rays

X-rays are most similar to which of the following - alpha, beta, or gamma rays?

gamma rays

X-rays are similar to

gamma rays.

X-rays may be regarded as

high frequency radio waves.

Generally speaking, the larger a nucleus is, the greater its

instability.

All the uranium in today's deposits in the future will become _______.

lead

The fate of the world's uranium supply is to eventually become

lead.

Different isotopes of an element have different numbers of

neutrons

There is a greater proportion of carbon 14 in

new bones.

Carbon-14 in the atmosphere is transformed from _______.

nitrogen

When thorium (A = 90) emits a beta particle, the resulting nucleus has atomic number

none of these

Which of these makes up the least radiation in the everyday environment?

nuclear power plants

The atomic mass number of an element is the same as the number of its

nucleons.

If a certain isotope has a radioactive half-life of 10 years, how much of the isotope will remain at the end of 20 years?

one quarter

The half-life on an isotope is one day. At the end of three days, how much of the isotope remains?

one-eighth

The strong force is one of the four fundamental forces in nature, and exists _______.

only between particles in the nucleus

Carbon dating requires that the object being tested contain

organic material.

The atomic number of an element is the same as the number of its

protons.

Electric forces within an atomic nucleus tend to

push it apart.

When a beta particle is ejected from a nucleus, the nucleus then has slightly

smaller mass and significantly greater charge.

The mass of an atomic nucleon is nearly

two thousand times the mass of an electron.


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