PHYS001A Exam 3 Online Quizzes
What is the final temperature when 2.50 × 10^5 J are added to 0.950 kg of ice at 0.0 °C? a) 0.0 °C b) 4.2 °C c) 15.7 °C d) 36.3 °C e) 62.8 °C
a) 0.0 °C
Using the ideal gas law, estimate the approximate number of air particles within an otherwise empty room that has a height of 2.5 m, a width of 4.0 m, and a length of 5.0 m. a) 1.2 × 10^27 b) 6.8 × 10^25 c) 3.0 × 10^26 d) 2.5 × 10^28 e) 9.1 × 10^24
a) 1.2 × 10^27
Complete the following statement: A temperature decrease of 30 C° is equal to a temperature decrease of a) 30 K b) 17 F°. c) 30 F°. d) 26 F°. e) 303 K.
a) 30 K
What volume of helium (density = 0.179 kg/m³) has the same mass as 5.0 m³ of nitrogen (density = 1.25 kg/m³ )? a) 35 m³ b) 27 m³ c) 7.0 m³ d) 3.5 m³ e) 0.72 m³
a) 35 m³
Assume that you have a container with 0.25 kg of helium gas at 20 °C. How much energy must be added to the gas to increase its temperature to 70 °C? ( Specific heat of Helium is 5193 J/kg K) a) 6.5 × 10^4 J b) 6.2 × 10^5 J c) 5.0 × 10^6 J d) 9.1 × 10^4 J e) 2.6 × 10^4 J
a) 6.5 × 10^4 J
An ideal gas is enclosed within a container by a moveable piston. If the final temperature is two times the initial temperature and the volume is reduced to one-fourth of its initial value, what will the final pressure of the gas be relative to its initial pressure, P_1? a) 8P_1 b) 4P_1 c) 2P_1 d) P_1 / 2 e) P_1 / 4
a) 8P_1
Which one of the following statements concerning a completely enclosed fluid is true? a) Any change in applied pressure produces an equal change in pressure at all points within the fluid. b) An increase in pressure in one part of the fluid results in an equal decrease in pressure in another part. c) The pressure at all points within the fluid is independent of any pressure applied to it. d) Any change in the applied pressure of the fluid produces a change in pressure that depends on direction. e) The pressure in the fluid is the same at all points within the fluid.
a) Any change in applied pressure produces an equal change in pressure at all points within the fluid.
A fisherman rows his boat out to his favorite spot on a pond, where he decides to drop a heavy anchor from his boat. When he drops the anchor into the pond, what happens to the level of the pond? a) The level of the pond decreases. b) The level of the pond stays the same. c) The level of the pond increases.
a) The level of the pond decreases.
Which of the following statements provides the best definition for the term mean free path? a) The mean free path is the average distance between collisions. b) The mean free path is the average distance a molecule travels within a given time interval. c) The mean free path is the path a molecule follows within a gas. d) The mean free path is the trajectory a molecule follows after a collision. e) The mean free path is the average molecular speed within an ideal gas.
a) The mean free path is the average distance between collisions.
Consider a commercial sightseeing hot air balloon that carries a basket with more than 20 passengers. Assume that balloon contains 1.5 × 10^4 m^3 of air. Estimate the order of magnitude of the number of air molecules inside the balloon. a) 10^23 b) 10^29 c) 10^35 d) 10^18 e) 10^4
b) 10^29
Consider the following substances all at room temperature: (1) aluminum (k=236 W/mK), (2) copper (k=401 W/mK), (3) steel (k=40 W/mK), and (4) wood (k=0.1 W/mK). Which one would feel the coolest if held in your hand (which is at a temperature above room temperature)? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) All would feel the same temperature.
b) 2
There are five sealed containers, each containing the same number of moles of an ideal gas. The pressures and volumes for the five containers are: (1) 2 × 10^5 Pa and 0.25 m^3, (2) 4 × 10^5 Pa and 1.0 m^3, (3) 1 × 10^5 Pa and 2.0 m^3, (4) 6 × 10^5 Pa and 0.25 m^3, and (5) 4 × 10^5 Pa and 0.50 m^3, respectively. Which container is at the highest temperature? a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 4 e) 5
b) 2
A rod of length L is heated so that its temperature increases by ΔT. As a result, the length of the rod increases by ΔL. The rod is then cut into two pieces, one of length L/3 and one of length 2L/3. What is the ratio of the change in length of the rod of length 2L/3 to ΔL of the original rod when its temperature is increased by ΔT? a) 1/3 b) 2/3 c) 1 d) 3/2 e) 3
b) 2/3
A woman stands on a platform with a diameter D1 that acts as a piston. The combined mass of the woman and the piston is 75 kg. The piston pushes downward on a reservoir of oil that supports a second platform with a diameter D2 on which 12 women are standing. The combined mass of the second platform and the 12 women is 780 kg. Both platforms are at the same height during this demonstration; and they are at rest. What is the ratio D2/D1? a) 2.4 b) 3.2 c) 4.8 d) 10 e) 12
b) 3.2
The density of mercury is 1.36 × 10^4 kg/m^3. What is the mass of a 4.00 × 10^(-4) m^3 sample of mercury? a) 6.29 kg b) 5.44 kg c) 2.94 kg d) 0.0343 kg e) 0.002 94 kg
b) 5.44 kg
Which one of the following statements best explains why the pressure in a static fluid increases as the depth increases? a) The density of the fluid increases with depth. b) As the depth increases, the weight of the water above a particular level increases. c) As the depth increases, the density of the fluid decreases. d) As depth increases, the gravitational force of the earth on the water increases. e) The temperature of the water decreases with depth.
b) As the depth increases, the weight of the water above a particular level increases.
Two sealed containers are initially at the same temperature and have the same dimensions. The outer surfaces of container A appear to be polished aluminum. The outer surfaces of container B are roughened gray cast iron. A large, bright incandescent light bulb is brought near both containers and shines on them for equal amounts of time from the same distance. Within which container, if either, will the temperature increase at the fastest rate? a) A b) B c) The temperature of both containers will increase at the same rate
b) B
A certain amount of heat Q is added to materials A, B, and C. The masses of these three materials are 0.04 kg, 0.01 kg, and 0.02 kg, respectively. The temperature of material A increases by 4.0 C° while the temperature of the other two materials increases by only 3.0 C°. Rank these three materials from the largest specific heat capacity to the smallest value. a) A > B > C b) B > C > A c) C > B > A d) B = C > A e) A > B = C
b) B > C > A
The volume of a carbon dioxide bubble rising in a glass of beer is observed to nearly double as the bubble rises from the bottom to the top of the glass. Why does the volume nearly double? a) The fluid pressure of the beer is greater at the bottom of the glass than at the top. b) The shape of the glass determines the net force exerted on the bubble. c) The pressure inside the bubble decreases as it rises. d) The temperature at the bottom is cooler than it is at the top. e) The amount of carbon dioxide in the bubble increases.
e) The amount of carbon dioxide in the bubble increases.
Complete the following statement: Bernoulli's principle is a statement of a) momentum conservation in dynamic fluids. b) energy conservation in dynamic fluids. c) mechanical equilibrium in fluids. d) thermal equilibrium in fluids. e) hydrostatic equilibrium.
b) energy conservation in dynamic fluids.
The absolute temperature of an ideal gas is directly proportional to which one of the following quantities? a) the number of molecules in the sample b) the average translational kinetic energy of the gas c) the relative increase in volume of the gas for a temperature increase of 1 C° d) the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of the gas by 1 C° e) the average momentum of a molecule of the gas
b) the average translational kinetic energy of the gas
The pressure at a point in a fluid in static equilibrium depends on which of the following? a) the total depth of the fluid b) the depth of the given point c) the total volume of fluid d) both choices a) and b) e) both choices a) and c)
b) the depth of the given point
Complete the following statement: Pressure is a measure of a) the force exerted by a fluid. b) the force per unit area that a fluid exerts. c) the force per unit time that a fluid exerts. d) the impulse of a fluid. e) the energy in a fluid.1
b) the force per unit area that a fluid exerts.
What is the branch of physics called that involves the study and application of the thermal energy of systems? a) adiabatics b) thermodynamics c) theronucleonics d) isentropics e) kelvinomics
b) thermodynamics
A swimming pool with a width of 15.0 m and a length of 20.0 m is filled with water. If the total force, which is directed downward, on the bottom of the pool is 54.0 × 10⁷ N, what is the pressure on the bottom of the bottom of the pool? a) 0.79 × 10⁵ Pa b) 1.01 × 10⁵ Pa c) 1.80 × 10⁶ Pa d) 1.97 × 10⁶ Pa e) 2.09 × 10⁶ Pa
c) 1.80 × 10⁶ Pa
An above ground water pump is used to extract water from a well. A pipe extends from the pump to the bottom of the well. What is the maximum depth from which water can be pumped? a) 19.6 m b) 39.2 m c) 10.3 m d) 101 m e) With a big enough pump, you can extract it from any depth.
c) 10.3 m
A swimming pool has a width of 9.0 m and a length of 12.0 m. The depth of the water is 1.83 m. One morning, the temperature of the pool water was 15.0 °C. The water then absorbed 2.00 × 10^9 J of heat from the Sun. What is the final temperature of the water? Assume no heat loss to the surroundings a) 16.9 °C b) 18.1 °C c) 17.4 °C d) 19.6 °C e) 20.2 °C
c) 17.4 °C
Which one of the following situations is described by the zeroth law of thermodynamics? a) An air conditioner transfers heat from the inside of a house to the outside of the house. b) A monatomic gas is held within a container that has a moveable piston. The gas absorbs heat from the surroundings and expands at constant pressure and temperature. c) A container with adiabatic walls holds boiling water. A thermometer is calibrated by inserting it into the boiling water and allowing it to reach thermal equilibrium with the water. d) A pot contains oil at 175 °C. When frozen sliced potatoes are dropped into the oil, heat is transferred from the oil to the potatoes. e) A physicist removes energy from a system in her laboratory until it reaches a temperature of 3 × 10^(−10) K, a temperature very close to (but still greater than) absolute zero.
c) A container with adiabatic walls holds boiling water. A thermometer is calibrated by inserting it into the boiling water and allowing it to reach thermal equilibrium with the water.
Which one of the following statements best describes the pressure in a static, homogeneous liquid? a) The pressure is the same at all points in the fluid. b) The pressure is not dependent on the atmospheric pressure exerted at the surface of the liquid. c) At a given depth in the liquid, the pressure is the same at all points at that depth. d) The pressure depends on the type of liquid. The denser the liquid is, the smaller the pressure will be. e) The pressure decreases as the depth increases.
c) At a given depth in the liquid, the pressure is the same at all points at that depth.
A curtain hangs straight down in front of an open window. A sudden gust of wind blows past the window; and the curtain is pulled out of the window. Which law, principle, or equation can be used to explain this movement of the curtain? a) the equation of continuity b) Pascal's principle c) Bernoulli's equation d) Archimedes' principle e) Poiseuille's law
c) Bernoulli's equation
By adding 25 kJ to solid material A, 4.0 kg will melt. By adding 50 kJ to solid material B, 6.0 kg will melt. Solid material C requires 30 kJ to melt 3.0 kg. Which of these materials, if any, has the largest value for the heat of fusion? a) A b) B c) C d) A = B
c) C
Which one of the following statements concerning emissivity is false? a) Emissivity depends on the condition of the surface. b) Emissivity is a dimensionless quantity. c) Emissivity depends on the surface area of the object. d) The emissivity is 1.0 for a perfect absorber. e) The emissivity is 1.0 for a perfect radiator.
c) Emissivity depends on the surface area of the object.
What is unique about the Kelvin temperature scale? a) It is the most widely used temperature scale around the world. b) It is divided into temperature units called degrees. c) It is based on the fact that there is a lower limit to temperature called absolute zero. d) It is named after a person. e) It is based on multiples of 10.
c) It is based on the fact that there is a lower limit to temperature called absolute zero.
A coin is dropped into a lake. As the coin sinks, how does the buoyant force on the coin change? a) The buoyant force decreases as the depth increases. b) The buoyant force increases as the depth increases. c) The buoyant force decreases as the speed increases. d) The buoyant force decreases as the depth decreases. e) The buoyant force has a constant value.
e) The buoyant force has a constant value.
Complete the following statement: The internal energy of an ideal monatomic gas is a) dependent on both the pressure and the temperature of the gas. b) independent of the number of moles of the gas. c) proportional to the Kelvin temperature of the gas. d) a constant that is independent of pressure, volume or temperature. e) proportional to the pressure and inversely proportional to the volume of the gas.
c) proportional to the Kelvin temperature of the gas.
Which one of the following variables is the best indicator of thermal equilibrium between to systems in thermal contact? a) pressure b) volume c) temperature d) mass e) time
c) temperature
What is the force that causes liquid to move upward in a drinking straw as a person takes a drink? ) that due to a low pressure region caused by sucking b) that due to the pressure within the liquid c) that due to atmospheric pressure d) that due to the person sucking on the straw e) that due to friction forces within the straw
c) that due to atmospheric pressure
Complete the following statement: When an object is placed in a fluid, a buoyant force is exerted on it that is directed upward with a magnitude a) that is greater than the force of gravity on the object. b) that is greater than the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. c) that is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. d) that is less than the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. e) that is equal to the force of gravity on the object.
c) that is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
A circular hole is drilled through a penny. Complete the following statement: When the penny is heated, a) the hole decreases in diameter. b) the metal part of the penny expands outward, but the size of the hole does not change. c) the area of the hole increases by the same amount as a similar area of the metal does. d) linear expansion causes the shape of the hole to become slightly oval-shaped. e) the area of the hole increases more than a similar area of the metal does
c) the area of the hole increases by the same amount as a similar area of the metal does.
A rod with an initial length 3.000 cm is heated so that its temperature increases by 89° C. When the length is measured again, the length has increased by 0.006 cm. This behavior is an example of which one of the following material properties? a) specific heat capacity b) thermal stress c) thermal expansion d) thermometry e) thermal diffusion
c) thermal expansion
During a certain thermal process a solid object's temperature changes. Which of the following quantities is not related to the amount of the temperature change? a) mass b) the amount of heat added or removed c) volume d) the material of which the object is composed e) the specific heat capacity
c) volume
Unsatisfied with the Celsius and Kelvin temperature scales, you decide to create your own. On your temperature scale, the ice point is 0.0 °M and the steam point is at 366.1 °M, where "M" stands for "my scale." What temperature on your scale corresponds to 0 K? a) −273.1 °M b) −500.0 °M c) −1000.0 °M d) −732.4 °M e) −633.9 °M
c) −1000.0 °M
A monatomic gas is stored in a container with a constant volume. When the temperature of the gas is T, the rms speed of the atoms is v_rms. What is the rms speed when the gas temperature is increased to 3T? a) v_rms / 9 b) 3 v_rms c) √3 v_rms d) 9 v_rms e) v_rms / √3
c) √3 v_rms
Helium gas is confined within a chamber that has a movable piston. The mass of the piston is 8.7 kg; and its radius is 0.013 m. If the system is in equilibrium, what is the pressure exerted on the piston by the gas? a) 1.639 × 10⁴ Pa b) 8.491 × 10⁴ Pa c) 1.013 × 10⁵ Pa d) 1.606 × 10⁵ Pa e) 2.619 × 10⁵ Pa
d) 1.606 × 10⁵ Pa
What thickness of concrete, with a thermal conductivity of 1.1 W/(m▪K) will conduct heat at the same rate as 0.25 m of air, which has a thermal conductivity of 0.0256 W/(m▪K), if all other conditions are the same? a) 8.9 m b) 4.3 m c) 1.4 m d) 11 m e) 0.25 m
d) 11 m
Consider the following conditions: (1) low temperature, (2) low density, (3) temperature near the freezing temperature, (4) temperature above the condensation temperature, and (5) high density. Under which of these conditions does a real gas behave as an ideal gas? a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 5 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 2 and 4 only e) A real gas can never behave as an ideal gas.
d) 2 and 4 only
Which of the following temperatures is equivalent to zero degrees on the Celsius temperature scale? a) 0 K b) 100 K c) 32 K d) 273 K e) 469 K
d) 273 K
Brittany's normal body temperature is 36.5 °C. When she recently became ill, her body temperature increased to 38.0 °C. What was the minimum amount of heat required for this increase in body temperature if her weight is 561 N? a) 2.96 × 10^6 J b) 3.50 × 10^3 J c) 4.98 × 10^4 J d) 3.00 × 10^5 J e) 7.60 × 10^5 J
d) 3.00 × 10^5 J
At an automotive repair shop, a hydraulic lift is used to raise vehicles so that mechanics can work under them. In one lift, compressed air with a maximum gauge pressure of 5.0 × 10^5 Pa is used to raise a piston with a circular cross-section and radius of 0.15 m. What is the maximum vehicular weight that can be raised using this lift? a) 7.5 × 10^4 N b) 6.0 × 10^4 N c) 4.4 × 10^4 N d) 3.5 × 10^4 N e) 1.1 × 10^4 N
d) 3.5 × 10^4 N
A cube of a certain metal has 0.040-m sides and its mass is 0.48 kg. What is the mass density of the cube? a) 12 kg/m^3 b) 300 kg/m^3 c) 1800 kg/m^3 d) 7500 kg/m^3 e) 8700 kg/m^3
d) 7500 kg/m^3
Under what circumstances will an object that is solid throughout float on water? a) A totally solid object can never float on water because it needs to have air in it. b) If the shape of the object is like that of a boat, it will float. c) A totally solid object can float on water if its volume is greater than the volume of water it displaces. d) A totally solid object can float on water if its density is less than the density of water. e) A totally solid object can float on water if its density is greater than the
d) A totally solid object can float on water if its density is less than the density of water.
Which one of the following statements concerning steady flow is true? a) Steady flow is described by Pascal's principle. b) Steady flow is described by Archimedes' principle. c) The velocity vectors are the same for all particles in the fluid. d) At any given point in the fluid, the velocity is constant in time. e) Steady flow occurs when there are sharp obstacles in the path of a fast-moving fluid
d) At any given point in the fluid, the velocity is constant in time.
A device that is to be primarily used in the desert is being designed. The user would like the side facing the sun, the front, to absorb as little heat as possible and to lose as little heat on the opposite side, the back, of the device. Two materials for these sides of the device are being recommended: (1) a dull black material and (2) a shiny, metallic material. Which of these materials should be used for the front and back sides of the device? a) The front should be material 2 and the back should be material 1. b) The front should be material 1 and the back should be material 2. c) Both sides should be material 1. d) Both sides should be material 2. e) Using either of these materials for the front and back will have the same result.
d) Both sides should be material 2.
Under which one of the following circumstances will heat transfer occur via convection? a) Convection occurs within metal objects. b) Convection only occurs in non-metallic solids. c) Convection occurs only within a vacuum. d) Convection occurs in the presence of a liquid or a gas. e) Convection can occur whether matter is present or not.
d) Convection occurs in the presence of a liquid or a gas.
Which one of the following statements best describes fluids? a) Fluids are liquids. b) Fluids are gases. c) Fluids are transparent. d) Fluids are gases or liquids. e) Fluids are opaque.
d) Fluids are gases or liquids.
A container is filled with a large number of gas molecules at a constant temperature. The distribution (or range) of the speeds of those molecules was determined by which one of the following scientists? a) Charles b) Boyle c) Avogadro d) Maxwell e) Einstein
d) Maxwell
Which one of the following properties is not likely to be used as a temperature-sensitive property to construct a thermometer? a) The volume of a liquid increases with increasing temperature. b) A gas held within a constant volume container exhibits pressure changes with corresponding temperature changes. c) The length of a metal rod changes linearly with temperature. d) The mass of a solid decreases with increasing temperature. e) The electrical resistance of a wire increases with increasing temperature.
d) The mass of a solid decreases with increasing temperature.
Which one of the following statements concerning a collection of gas molecules at a certain temperature is true? a) All molecules possess the same momentum. b) All molecules move with the same velocity. c) If the temperature is increased, the average molecular speed decreases. d) The molecules have a range of kinetic energies. e) Most of the molecules have the same kinetic energy.
d) The molecules have a range of kinetic energies.
Suppose you are sitting next to a fireplace in which there is a fire burning. One end of a metal poker has been left in the fire. Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is true? a) Heat escapes through the chimney primarily through conduction. b) The other end of the poker is warmed through convection. c) You can feel the heat of the fire primarily because of conduction. d) The other end of the poker is warmed through conduction. e) You can feel the heat of the fire primarily because of convection.
d) The other end of the poker is warmed through conduction.
A girl uses a pump to put air into her bicycle tire at constant temperature. A pressure gauge on the pump indicates the pressure inside the tire is increasing each time she pumps. What is the cause of this pressure increase? a) The air molecules repel each other more as more molecules are added and push outward. b) The volume of the tire is constant. c) The pressure increases to keep the temperature constant. d) The pressure increasing because more air molecules are striking the walls of the tire. e) The pressure increases because the air molecules are traveling faster.
d) The pressure increasing because more air molecules are striking the walls of the tire.
Why is water often used as a coolant in automobiles, other than the fact that it is abundant? a) Water expands very little as it is heated. b) The freezing temperature of water has a relatively large value. c) The specific heat of water is relatively small and its temperature can be rapidly decreased. d) The specific heat of water is relatively large and it can store a great deal of thermal energy. e) Water does not easily change into a gas.
d) The specific heat of water is relatively large and it can store a great deal of thermal energy.
Which one of the following is not an example of convection? a) An eagle soars on an updraft of wind. b) Spaghetti is cooked in water. c) Smoke rises above a fire. d) An electric heater warms a room. e) A person gets a suntan on a beach.
e) A person gets a suntan on a beach.
On which of the following parameters does the heat contained within an ideal gas depend? a) temperature b) mean free path c) pressure d) volume e) Gases do not have heat.
e) Gases do not have heat.
A water well is dug to a depth of 15 meters. A pump is used to bring the water upward through a pipe, but the pump can only raise the water about 7.5 meters. By which of the following methods can the water be brought all the way to the surface? a) Connect a second, identical pump in series with the first pump. b) Connect a second, identical pump in parallel with the first pump. c) Replace the pump with a more powerful pump. d) Replace the pipe with a narrower pipe. e) None of these methods will work.
e) None of these methods will work.
A U-shaped tube is connected to a flexible tube that has a membrane-covered funnel on the opposite end as shown in the drawing. Jason finds that no matter which way he orients to membrane, the height of the liquid in the U-shaped tube does not change. Which one of the following choices best describes this behavior? a) Archimedes' principle b) Bernoulli's principle c) irrotational flow d) the continuity equation e) Pascal's principle
e) Pascal's principle
Which one of the following statements best describes laminar flow in fluids. a) At a given point in the moving fluid, the fluid velocity is constant. b) At all points in the moving fluid, the fluid velocity is constant. c) Fluid particles only move along streamlines within the fluid. Particles not on a streamline do not move. d) All particles within the fluid follow straight lines called streamlines and their velocity is constant. e) At a given point on a streamline, the fluid velocity is varying, but the average velocity along the streamline is constant
a) At a given point in the moving fluid, the fluid velocity is constant.
Why does the temperature of an ideal gas increase when the volume of the gas decreases? a) Compressing the volume does work on the gas, so its temperature must increase. b) Compressing the volume forces heat into the gas, so its temperature must increase. c) The temperature cannot change under this circumstance. d) The pressure must increase to compensate for the decreased volume. e) Since the number of moles contained within the system is constant, there will be a greater number of collisions as the volume decreases.
a) Compressing the volume does work on the gas, so its temperature must increase.
Randy has placed 10 thermometers at different depths and radii within a pot of water on an electric stove. He then turns on the heating element under the pot and watches the thermometers. He notices that the temperature of the water at the ten locations is approximately the same as the temperature increases from room temperature to 100 °C. Which one of the flowing statements best describes the nearly uniform temperature throughout the pot? a) Convection currents appear that evenly distribute heat throughout the pot. b) Heat is rapidly conducted from the bottom of the pot to the top because of the temperature gradient that exists between the bottom of the pot and the top. c) The pressure at a given depth in the water must remain constant. d) The water is heated via radiation. The bottom of the pot is hotter than the water and all water molecules are irradiated equally.
a) Convection currents appear that evenly distribute heat throughout the pot.
Which one of the following statements concerning the volume of gases is true? a) Gas volume depends on temperature and pressure. b) Gases have comparatively low densities. c) Gas volume depends on the type of gas. d) Gas volume is negligible. e) Gas volume is difficult to measure.
a) Gas volume depends on temperature and pressure.
Which one of the following expressions gives the correct relationship between pressure and force? a) P = F/A b) P = FA c) P = F d) P = A/F e) There is no relationship between pressure and force.
a) P = F/A
Three thermometers are in the same water bath. After thermal equilibrium is established, it is found that the Celsius thermometer reads 100 °C, the Fahrenheit thermometer reads 212 °F, and the Kelvin thermometer reads 273 K. Which one of the following statements is the most reasonable conclusion? a) The Kelvin thermometer is incorrect. b) The Celsius thermometer is incorrect. c) The Fahrenheit thermometer is incorrect. d) All three thermometers are incorrect. e) The three thermometers are at different temperatures.
a) The Kelvin thermometer is incorrect.
Just before spring arrives, an airplane flies over some mountains and drops black soot on the snow and ice. This procedure is done to prevent flooding of the valley below when the warmer weather arrives with spring. How does this procedure prevent flooding? a) The areas where the soot fails should melt earlier than those without the soot as sunlight will be absorbed. Melting the snow gradually reduces the amount that will melt as temperatures rise in spring. b) The soot increases the temperature at which snow and ice melt causing the areas that have soot to melt later. c) The soot lowers the temperature at which snow and ice melt causing the areas that have soot to melt earlier. d) The soot has a higher thermal conductivity than water and ice and can transmit heat from the air more efficiently to the snow and ice underneath the soot.
a) The areas where the soot fails should melt earlier than those without the soot as sunlight will be absorbed. Melting the snow gradually reduces the amount that will melt as temperatures rise in spring.
Which one of the following statements concerning the Stefan-Boltzmann equation is true? a) The equation can be used to calculate the power absorbed by any surface. b) The equation applies only to perfect absorbers. c) The equation applies only to perfect radiators. d) The equation is valid with any temperature units. e) The equation describes the transport of thermal energy by conduction.
a) The equation can be used to calculate the power absorbed by any surface.
There are n moles of an ideal gas contained in a sealed chamber at pressure P. The volume of the container is then reduced to one half of its initial value. In this particular process, the temperature of the gas and n do not change. Which one of the following statements concerning the final pressure in the container is true? a) The final pressure will be 2P. b) The final pressure will be 0.5P. c) The final pressure will be 4P. d) The final pressure will be 0.25P. e) The pressure cannot be determined without knowing the values of n, P, T, and the initial volume.
a) The final pressure will be 2P.
In snowy regions of the world, the local people may wear snow shoes below their normal shoes or boots. These snow shoes have a much larger area than a regular shoe or boot. How does a snow shoe improve a hiker's ability to walk across a snowy region? a) The hiker's weight is distributed over the area of the snow shoes, which reduces the pressure on the snow below and minimizes sinking into the snow. b) The snow shoes increase the normal force of the snow on the hiker. c) The snow shoes increase the upward pressure of the snow on the hiker. d) The snow shoes compact the snow making it harder to sink into it. e) The hiker's weight is reduced by wearing large area snow shoes.
a) The hiker's weight is distributed over the area of the snow shoes, which reduces the pressure on the snow below and minimizes sinking into the snow.
Two dams are identical with the exception that the water reservoir behind dam A extends twice the horizontal distance behind it as that of dam B. The water behind both dams is the same height. Which one of the following statements regarding these dams is correct? a) The horizontal distance of the water behind the two dams does not determine the force on them. b) Dam A is more likely to collapse than dam B if the water level rises. c) Dam B is more likely to collapse than dam A if the water level rises. d) The force exerted by the water on dam A is greater than that on dam B. e) The force exerted by the water on dam B is greater than that on dam A.
a) The horizontal distance of the water behind the two dams does not determine the force on them.
Two balls, one made of copper and one made of gold, have the same mass and temperature. The same amount of heat is added to each sphere, but the final temperature of the two spheres is different. Which one of the following statements best explains the reason for these temperature differences? a) The specific heat capacity of the two spheres is different. b) The density of the two spheres is different. c) The volumes of the two spheres are different. d) The coefficient of volume expansion of the two spheres is different. e) The latent heat of vaporization of the two spheres is different.
a) The specific heat capacity of the two spheres is different.
Which one of the following statements concerning an ideal fluid is false? a) When an ideal fluid flows, the flow is non-laminar. b) When an ideal fluid flows, the fluid does not experience viscous drag. c) An ideal fluid is incompressible. d) When an ideal fluid flows at a steady rate, the velocity at a given point does not change with time. e) An ideal fluid undergoes irrotational flow.
a) When an ideal fluid flows, the flow is non-laminar.
Which one of the following objects will be most efficient in losing heat? Assume that all of the objects are at the same temperature initially. a) a graphite cube with a black, rough surface surrounded by air b) a polished silver cube in an evacuated chamber c) a polished silver cube surrounded by air d) a graphite cube with a black, rough surface in an evacuated chamber e) a polished graphite cube surrounded by air
a) a graphite cube with a black, rough surface surrounded by air
Which one of the following factors is directly responsible for the pressure exerted by a confined gas? a) collisions of gas molecules with the sides of the containing vessel b) atomic mass of the gas c) density of the gas d) temperature of the gas e) average translational kinetic energy of the molecules
a) collisions of gas molecules with the sides of the containing vessel
An aquarium has a length L, a width W, and a height H. Glass of thickness d is used for the sides of the aquarium. If you were to design a similar aquarium, except that it has a length 5L and a width 5W, what thickness of glass would you need to use? a) d b) 3d c) 5d d) 10d e) 25d
a) d
Complete the following statement: In a constant volume process, the work done is a) equal to zero joules. b) proportional to the pressure. c) proportional to the temperature. d) proportional to the volume. e) proportional to the energy transferred.
a) equal to zero joules.
Which of the following devices is used to measure gauge pressure? a) manometer b) barometer c) goniometer d) pascalometer e) dynamometer
a) manometer
On which of the following parameters does the internal energy within an ideal gas depend? a) temperature b) mean free path c) pressure d) volume e) Gases do not have internal energy.
a) temperature
What does the heat capacity of an object measure? a) the amount of energy required to change the temperature of an object b) the total amount of energy an object can store c) the thermal potential energy of the object d) the amount of work done by the object e) the amount of energy required to melt a solid object
a) the amount of energy required to change the temperature of an object
Complete the following statement: The term heat most accurately describes a) the flow of energy due to a temperature difference. b) the molecular motion inside of an object. c) the internal energy of an object. d) a measure of how hot an object is. e) the absolute temperature of an object.
a) the flow of energy due to a temperature difference.
One end of an aluminum rod is maintained at 0 °C in an ice water bath. The other end of the rod is maintained at 100 °C in a boiling water bath. The amount of heat the flows through the rod via conduction during a time interval t is not dependent on which one of the following parameters? a) the mass of the rod b) the length of the time interval c) the length of the rod d) the temperatures at the ends of the rod e) the thermal conductivity of aluminum
a) the mass of the rod
Complete the following statement: Bimetallic strips used as adjustable switches in electric appliances consist of metallic strips that must have different a) thermal expansion coefficients. b) specific heat capacities. c) lengths. d) volumes. e) mass.
a) thermal expansion coefficients.
The zeroth law of thermodynamics provides a basis for the use of which one of the following devices? a) thermometer b) barometer c) steam engine d) refrigerator e) furnace
a) thermometer
Which of the following substances would be the most effective in cooling 0.300 kg of water at 98 °C? a) 0.100 kg of lead at 22 °C b) 0.100 kg of water at 22 °C c) 0.100 kg of glass at 22 °C d) 0.100 kg of aluminum at 22 °C e) 0.100 kg of copper at 22 °C
b) 0.100 kg of water at 22 °C
Liquid A has a mass density of 850.0 kg/m³ and Liquid B has a mass density of 1060.0 kg/m³. Seventy-five grams of each liquid is mixed uniformly. What is the specific gravity of the mixture? a) 0.955 b) 0.943 c) 0.878 d) 0.651 e) 0.472
b) 0.943
Under which one of the following circumstances is heat transferred via convection? a) A steel disc is heated to 800 °C within an evacuated furnace chamber. b) Ice cubes dropped into a glass of water at room temperature begin to melt. c) An electrically heated rod is plugged into a metal plate used for cooking. The temperature of the metal plate then increases. d) As a jogger runs, heat generated in her body passes through fat cells under her skin before passing through her skin. e) The temperature of a black cast iron frying pan increases as sunlight shines on it.
b) Ice cubes dropped into a glass of water at room temperature begin to melt.
Which of the following describes the energy radiated from an object at Kelvin temperature T? a) Planck distribution b) Stefan-Boltzmann law c) Maxwell blackbody law d) Bose-Einstein equation e) Klein-Gordon equation
b) Stefan-Boltzmann law
Closed containers A and B both contain helium gas at the same temperature. There are N atoms in container A and 2N atoms in container B. At time t = 0 s, all of the helium atoms have the same kinetic energy. The atoms have collisions with each other and with the walls of the container. After a long time has passed, which of the following statements will be true? a) The atoms in both containers have the same kinetic energies they had at time t = 0 s. b) The atoms in both containers have a wide range of speeds, but the distributions of speeds are the same for both A and B. c) The average kinetic energy for atoms in container B is higher than that for container A. d) The average kinetic energy for atoms in container A is higher than that for container B. e) The atoms in both containers have a wide range of speeds, but the distributions of speeds has a greater range for container B than that for container A.
b) The atoms in both containers have a wide range of speeds, but the distributions of speeds are the same for both A and B.
Which one of the following statements concerning the buoyant force on an object submerged in a liquid is true? a) The buoyant force will increase with depth if the liquid is incompressible. b) The buoyant force depends on the volume of the liquid displaced. c) The buoyant force depends on the weight of the object. d) The buoyant force depends on the mass of the object. e) The buoyant force is independent of the density of the liquid.
b) The buoyant force depends on the volume of the liquid displaced.
A and B are two, identical blocks that are floating just below the surface of a pond. Jeremy pushes down on block A to a new position below the surface of the water. How does the buoyant force on block A compare to that on block B? a) The buoyant force on block A is smaller than that on block B. b) The buoyant force on block A is the same as that on block B. c) The buoyant force on block A is larger than that on block B. d) This question cannot be answered without knowing the volumes of the two blocks. e) This question cannot be answered because we do not know if the blocks are solid.
b) The buoyant force on block A is the same as that on block B.
A square piece of metal has a hole drilled through its center. If the metal piece is uniformly heated, what is the effect on the hole? a) The diameter of the hole will decrease, but remain open, as the temperature increases. b) The diameter of the hole will increase as the temperature increases. c) The diameter of the hole will not change, but the area of the square will increase as the temperature increases. d) The diameter of the hole may either increase or decrease depending on the type of metal.
b) The diameter of the hole will increase as the temperature increases.
The fresh seafood was shipped in dry ice. By the time the package arrived at its destination, half of the dry ice had sublimed. Which one of the following statements is another way of expressing what the dry ice did? a) The dry ice had gone from a solid to a liquid state. b) The dry ice had gone from a solid to a gaseous state. c) The dry ice had condensed. d) The dry ice had gone from a liquid into a gaseous state. e) The dry ice had chemically reacted with the seafood and was absorbed by it.
b) The dry ice had gone from a solid to a gaseous state.
Three fourths the volume of a glass is filled with water. Ice is then added until it reaches the top of the glass. The water level at that point is h. Which one of the following statements concerning the level of water after the ice melts is true? a) The final level of water will be lower than h. b) The final level of water will be at h. c) The final level of water will be higher than h. d) This cannot be answered without knowing the mass of ice added. e) This cannot be answered without knowing the volume of ice added.
b) The final level of water will be at h.
Which one of the following statements is the definition of the specific heat capacity of an object? a) The specific heat capacity is the amount of energy per unit mass to raise the temperature of the object from its freezing point to its boiling point. b) The specific heat capacity is the amount of energy per unit mass to raise the temperature of the object by 1 C°. c) The specific heat capacity is the temperature of the object divided by its density. d) Given one gram of the material, the specific heat capacity is the amount of energy to change the material from solid to liquid. e) Given one gram of the material, the specific heat capacity is the amount of energy to change the material from a solid to a gas.
b) The specific heat capacity is the amount of energy per unit mass to raise the temperature of the object by 1 C°.
An ideal gas slowly expands isothermally. Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is true? a) The internal energy of the gas is equal to the amount of heat absorbed by the system. b) The work done by the gas is equal to the amount of heat absorbed by the system. c) The work done on the gas is equal to the amount of heat absorbed by the system. d) The internal energy of the gas increases by the amount of heat absorbed by the system. e) The work done on the gas is equal to the increase in the internal energy of the system
b) The work done by the gas is equal to the amount of heat absorbed by the system.
Three thermometers are used to measure the temperature inside a closed, insulated box. Thermometer A is calibrated in Fahrenheit degrees, thermometer B in Celsius degrees, and thermometer C in kelvins. When the thermometers reach thermal equilibrium with the interior of the box, B reads −40 °C and C reads 233 K. Which one of the following statements is necessarily true? a) Thermometer C should read −233 K. b) Thermometer A must read -40 °F. c) If the temperature of the interior of the box is increased until A reads −20 °F, thermometer B will read −10 °C. d) Thermometer B should read −77 °C. e) If the temperature of the interior of the box is increased until C reads 293 K, thermometer A will read 36 °F.
b) Thermometer A must read -40 °F.
Which of the following devices is used to measure atmospheric pressure? a) manometer b) barometer c) goniometer d) pascalometer e) dynamometer
b) barometer
Many tall buildings have reservoirs of water on the roofs. The surface of these reservoirs are at atmospheric pressure. If all of the water in one tall building were delivered from such a reservoir, would it be a good idea to deliver water to all of the floors of the building from a single pipe connected to the reservoir? a) Yes, that would ensure a steady flow of water at constant pressure on all floors. b) Yes, that would ensure a steady flow of water at a slightly varying pressure on all floors. c) No, the pressure would be too large on the lower floors and exit faucets at dangerous speeds. d) No, the pressure would be too small on the lower floors and would not exit faucets.
c) No, the pressure would be too large on the lower floors and exit faucets at dangerous speeds.
Complete the following sentence: The operation of a hydraulic jack is an application of a) Archimedes' principle. b) Bernoulli's principle. c) Pascal's principle. d) the continuity equation. e) irrotational flow.
c) Pascal's principle.
In the distant future, a base has been constructed on the moon. Inside the base, a ball is dropped into a container of water. Given that the acceleration due to gravity is about one sixth the value on the Earth's surface, which of the following statements correctly describes the buoyant force on the ball? a) The buoyant force is equal to 1/6 the weight of the displaced water. b) The buoyant force is equal to 6 times the weight of the displaced water. c) The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water. d) The buoyant force is equal to 1/6 the weight of the ball. e) The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the ball.
c) The buoyant force is equal to the weight of the displaced water.
Which one of the following statements does not describe a property of fluids in motion? a) The fluid flow can be steady or unsteady. b) The fluid flow can be compressible or incompressible. c) The fluid flow can be steadfast or unreliable. d) The fluid flow can be viscous or nonviscous. e) The fluid flow can be turbulent or streamline.
c) The fluid flow can be steadfast or unreliable.
A swimmer is swimming underwater in a large pool. The force on the back of the swimmer's hand is about one thousand newtons. The swimmer doesn't notice this force. Why not? a) This force is actually smaller than the force exerted by the atmosphere. b) The force is large, but the pressure on the back of the hand is small. c) The force is exerted on all sides equally. d) The swimmer is pushing on the water with the same force. e) I do not know, but I'm sure I would feel that kind of force.
c) The force is exerted on all sides equally.
Under which of the following circumstances does a real gas behave like an ideal gas? a) The gas particles move very slowly. b) The gas particles do not collide with each other very often. c) The interaction between the gas particles is negligible. d) The interaction between the gas particles and the walls of the container is negligible. e) There are only one kind of particles in the container.
c) The interaction between the gas particles is negligible.
Amanda fills the two tires of her bicycle to the pressure specified on the side wall of the tires. She then gets onto her bicycle and notices that the bottoms of the tires look flatter than before she mounted the bicycle. What happens to the pressure in the tires when she is on the bicycle compared to when she was off the bicycle? a) The pressure inside the tire increases. b) The pressure inside the tire decreases. c) The pressure inside the tire has the same value.
c) The pressure inside the tire has the same value.
A piece of paper is laying flat on a desk near a closed window. When the window is opened, air rushes over the top of the desk and the paper is observed to be lifted upward and then carried away by the wind. Which of the following statements best describes why the paper was lifted from the desk? a) The paper was attracted by the force of the wind. b) The pressure of the moving air above the paper was greater than that of the air between the paper and the desk top. c) The pressure of the moving air above the paper was less than that of the air between the paper and the desk top. d) The weight of the paper was reduced by the wind blowing over it and the normal force of the desk was then greater than the weight. The normal force pushes the paper upward. e) The wind pushed the side of the paper and lifted it upward.
c) The pressure of the moving air above the paper was less than that of the air between the paper and the desk top.
Metal pots used in cooking on top of a stove are usually very shiny on the top and sides. Which one of the following choices indicates why this is a good idea thermally? a) The shiny parts of the pot have greater thermal conductivity. b) The shiny parts of the pot have greatly reduced losses via convection. c) The shiny parts of the pot have greatly reduced losses via radiation. d) The shiny parts of the pot have greatly reduced losses via conduction. e) The shiny parts of the pot do not allow any heat to be lost to the environment.
c) The shiny parts of the pot have greatly reduced losses via radiation.
The rate of heat flow through the wall of a house does not depend on which one of the following quantities? a) The dimensions of the wall. b) The thickness of the wall. c) The specific heat capacity of the wall. d) The temperatures outside and inside the house. e) The thermal conductivity of the wall.
c) The specific heat capacity of the wall.
While using a hydraulic lever, a force F is applied over a distance d. Which of the following is a likely result of this applied force? a) a larger force is attained over the same distance d b) a larger force is attained over a distance greater than d c) a larger force is attained over a distance smaller than d d) a same force F is attained over a distance smaller than d e) a smaller force than F is attained over a distance smaller than d
c) a larger force is attained over a distance smaller than d
Four 1-kg cylinders are heated to 100 °C and placed on top of a block of paraffin wax, which melts at 63 °C. There is one cylinder made from lead, one of copper, one of aluminum, and one of iron. After a few minutes, it is observed that the cylinders have sunk into the paraffin to differing depths. Rank the depths of the cylinders from deepest to shallowest. a) lead > iron > copper > aluminum b) aluminum > copper > lead > iron c) aluminum > iron > copper > lead d) copper > aluminum > iron > lead e) iron > copper > lead > aluminum
c) aluminum > iron > copper > lead
You are looking for a material that is a very good conductor of heat. Select from the following choices the best material for this purpose. a) concrete b) lead c) copper d) air e) steel
c) copper
Which of the following choices is equivalent to the SI unit of pressure, the pascal? a) N/m b) N/m▪s² c) kg/m▪s² d) N/s e) kg▪m/s²
c) kg/m▪s²
A child has left an outdoor faucet open. An adult walks up and notices that the diameter of the stream is 0.25d at the bottom and d at the top as it falls vertically from the faucet. What is the physical explanation for this narrowing of the stream? a) The flow rate at the top of the stream is not sufficient to maintain a constant cross-sectional area. b) Atmospheric pressure is greater than the pressure within the stream of water. c) The water has left the pipe that carried it and no longer maintains the shape of the pipe. d) The water accelerates as it falls and the cross-sectional area must decrease to maintain a constant flow rate. e) The stream of water is experiencing friction with the air as it falls and part of it slows down while part of it falls at a constant speed.
d) The water accelerates as it falls and the cross-sectional area must decrease to maintain a constant flow rate.
Carol hangs a piece of stained glass artwork that she has just completed on her window using a suction cup hanger. Which one of the following statements best explains the force that holds the suction cup to the glass window? a) There is a high amount of pressure between the glass window and the suction cup. b) There is a very low pressure between the glass window and the suction cup. c) There is a smaller pressure on the suction cup due to the atmosphere than the pressure between the suction cup and the glass window. d) There is a greater pressure on the suction cup due to the atmosphere than the pressure between the suction cup and the glass window. e) Pushing the suction cup against the glass window causes a very strong chemical bond to form between the glass window and the suction cup.
d) There is a greater pressure on the suction cup due to the atmosphere than the pressure between the suction cup and the glass window.
Which law, principle, or equation specifies that the mass flow rate of a fluid at two positions along a tube must be constant? a) Archimedes' principle b) Pascal's principle c) Poiseuille's law d) equation of continuity e) Bernoulli's equation
d) equation of continuity
The specific heat capacity at constant volume of an ideal gas depends on which of the following parameters? a) volume b) temperature c) pressure d) number of moles of gas e) mass of the molecules
d) number of moles of gas
You are vacationing in the Rocky Mountains and decide to ride a ski lift to the top of a mountain. As you go up, your feel your ears make a "pop" sound because of changes in atmospheric pressure. Which way does your ear drum move, if at all, during your ascent up the mountain? a) inward, because the pressure outside the ear is larger than the pressure inside the ear b) inward, because the pressure outside the ear is smaller than the pressure inside the ear c) No movement occurs. This is just the sound of air bubbles bursting inside the ear. d) outward, because the pressure outside the ear is smaller than the pressure inside the ear e) outward, because the pressure outside the ear is larger than the pressure inside the
d) outward, because the pressure outside the ear is smaller than the pressure inside the ear
What does the zeroth law of thermodynamics concern? a) the rate of energy flow from one system to another b) the process by which an object achieves thermal equilibrium c) the amount of work done on or by a system d) the circumstances under which objects are in thermal equilibrium e) the definition of the Kelvin temperature scale
d) the circumstances under which objects are in thermal equilibrium
Consider the following variables: (1) mass, (2) temperature, (3) time, (4) length, (5) pressure, (6) volume, and (7) density. Which three variables does the book state are "all a consequence of the motion of the atoms" within a gas? a) 2, 4, and 7 b) 1, 5, and 6 c) 1, 3, and 4 d) 5, 6, and 7 e) 2, 5, and 6
e) 2, 5, and 6
Which one of the following temperatures is approximately equal to "room temperature?" a) 0 K b) 0 °C c) 100 °C d) 212 °F e) 295 K
e) 295 K
The height of mercury in one barometer is 0.761 m above the reservoir of mercury (13,616 kg/m ³). If a second barometer is brought to the same location that has a liquid with a density of 2650 kg/m³, what is the height of the fluid in the second barometer? a) 0.761 m b) 2.02 m c) 2.87 m d) 5.03 m e) 3.91 m
e) 3.91 m
Which one of the following statements concerning thermal conductors is true? a) A good thermal conductor often exhibits a very low thermal expansion coefficient. b) A good thermal conductor is often a poor electrical conductor. c) A good thermal conductor is often more likely to be a gas rather than a solid. d) A good thermal conductor often exhibits a very low specific heat capacity. e) A good thermal conductor is often also a good electrical conductor.
e) A good thermal conductor is often also a good electrical conductor.
In which one of the following cases is the pressure exerted on the ground by the man the largest? a) A man stands with both feet flat on the ground. b) A man stands with one foot flat on the ground. c) A man lies with his back flat on the ground. d) A man kneels with both knees on the ground. e) A man stands with the toes of one foot on the ground.
e) A man stands with the toes of one foot on the ground.
A pressure change is made to an incompressible fluid enclosed within a container. This pressure change is transmitted to every part of the fluid and the walls. Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is true? a) The pressure change that is transmitted diminishes as a function of distance from the point at which the pressure change occurs. b) The pressure in larger volume regions of the container will decrease, but the pressure in smaller volume regions will increase. c) The pressure will remain unchanged everywhere within the container. d) The pressure in larger volume regions of the container will increase, but the pressure in smaller volume regions will decrease. e) The change in pressure will be the same at all locations in the container.
e) The change in pressure will be the same at all locations in the container.
A closed system contains one mole of an ideal gas. Which one of the following statements is necessarily true if heat is added to the system? a) The gas must do work. b) The gas must expand, so the volume will increase, if it can. c) The gas must change phase, either from gas to liquid or from gas to solid. d) The temperature of the gas must increase. e) The conditions of the gas when the heat is added will determine the type of change that occurs.
e) The conditions of the gas when the heat is added will determine the type of change that occurs.
Two identical, sealed containers have the same volume. Both containers are filled with the same number of moles of gas at the same temperature and pressure. One of the containers is filled with helium gas and the other is filled with neon gas. Which one of the following statements concerning this situation is true? a) The speed of each of the helium atoms is the same value, but this speed is different than that of the neon atoms. b) The average kinetic energy of the neon atoms is greater than that of the helium atoms. c) The pressure within the container of helium is less than the pressure in the container of neon. d) The internal energy of the neon gas is greater than the internal energy of the helium gas. e) The rms speed of the neon atoms is less than that of the helium atoms.
e) The rms speed of the neon atoms is less than that of the helium atoms.
Heat is added to a substance, but its temperature does not increase. Which one of the following statements provides the best explanation for this observation? a) The substance has unusual thermal properties. b) The substance must be cooler than its environment. c) The substance must be a gas. d) The substance must be an imperfect solid. e) The substance undergoes a change of phase.
e) The substance undergoes a change of phase.
Which one of the following statements explains why it is difficult to measure the coefficient of volume expansion for a liquid? a) Liquids are more compact than gases. b) The liquid will lose heat to the containing vessel. c) Liquids tend to expand more slowly than solids. d) Liquids are more compact than solids. e) The volume of the containing vessel will also increase.
e) The volume of the containing vessel will also increase.
The space between the inner walls of a thermos bottle (sometimes called a Dewar flask) is evacuated to remove the air that would otherwise be there. Why is this evacuation done? a) This is done to protect the wall of the bottle that is silvered. b) This is done to minimize heat transfer by conduction and radiation. c) This is done to increase the specific heat capacity of the bottle. e) This is done to minimize heat transfer by conduction and convection.
e) This is done to minimize heat transfer by conduction and convection.
Which one of the following statements is false concerning the derivation or usage of Bernoulli's equation? a) Streamline flow is assumed. b) The fluid must be incompressible. c) The fluid must be non-viscous. d) The work-energy theorem is used to derive Bernoulli's equation. e) Vertical distances are always measured relative to the lowest point within the fluid.
e) Vertical distances are always measured relative to the lowest point within the fluid.
During the summer, sunlight warms the land beside a cool lake. This warming is followed by a breeze blowing from the direction of the lake toward the land. Which of the following provides the best explanation for this summer breeze? a) Air naturally flows from cooler locations to warmer locations. b) The lake must be west of the land because winds typically blow from the west. c) The land is usually cooler near a lake, so this is a case of temperature inversion which causes air to blow from the direction of the lake. d) Warm air rises above the land and cooler air moves downward, appearing to come from the direction of the lake, but it is really from above the land. e) Warm air rises from above the land and is replaced by the air blowing in from the lake.
e) Warm air rises from above the land and is replaced by the air blowing in from the lake.
Which one of the following statements is the best explanation for the fact that metal pipes that carry water often burst during cold winter months? a) Both the metal and the water expand, but the water expands to a greater extent. b) Water contracts upon freezing while the metal expands at lower temperatures. c) The metal contracts to a greater extent than the water. d) The interior of the pipe contracts less than the outside of the pipe. e) Water expands upon freezing while the metal contracts at lower temperatures.
e) Water expands upon freezing while the metal contracts at lower temperatures.
Which one of the following substances is not a fluid? a) mercury b) air c) water d) liquid nitrogen e) all of the above are fluids
e) all of the above are fluids
Which one of the following objects has the largest mass? a) a iron solid cube with each side of length r b) an ice solid sphere of radius r c) an iron solid cylinder of height r and radius r d) an ice solid cube with each side of length r e) an iron solid sphere of radius r
e) an iron solid sphere of radius r
Complete the following statement: The area enclosed on a PV diagram for a given system is a) a constant value. b) equal to the heat flow into or out of the system. c) equal to the temperature change of the system. d) always equal to zero joules. e) equal to the amount of work done on or by the system.
e) equal to the amount of work done on or by the system.
Heat is expressed in the same units as which one of the following quantities? a) temperature b) power c) force/time d) specific heat capacity e) work
e) work
