Physical Science Laura Whitlock Final
In the circuit shown below, which bulb, when burned out, will cause all other bulbs to stop glowing? a. A b. B c. C d. F
(depends on the picture presented)
Classify the following as an element, compound, or mixture. justify your classifications. pure salt, butter, aluminum, maple syrup, stainless steel
-Pure salt: is made up of NaCl. These two elements combined together forms a compound. The ratio of Na to Cl must be exact -Butter: is made up of a combination of several ingredients. These ingredients dont have to be in exact proportions, the ratios can vary slightly. Because of this we know it is a mixture. - aluminium: is found on the periodic table and is made up of all the same types of atoms. Therefore, it is an element -Maple Syrup: like butter, it is not formed with exact ratios, it can vary. It is also made up of a variety of substances which makes it a mixture. -stainless steel: can only form if specific elements are combined, but it can vary in the ratios of each element is a mixture.
1 cm
0.01 m
A 300 kg shell is fired from a 2000 kg cannon with a velocity of 400 m/s. What is the resulting backward velocity of the cannon?
1. use conservation of momentum equation (m1v1=m2v2) 2. plug in 300 to m1, 400 to v2, 2000 into m2, solve for v2 3. if it is moving backwards add a negative in front of it 4. Answer= -60
A physics teacher drops a ball from the top of the science building, and the ball is electronically timed to arrive at the ground 4.16 s later. What is the height of the science building?
1. use equation d= 1/2(g)(t^2) 2. use 9.8 for gravity 3. plug in to calculate 4. compare to sig figs 5. 84.797 meters
frequency=
1/period
1 inch
2.54 cm
Besides a plane mirror, what type of mirror is used as a rear view mirror in cars and why?
A convex mirror to magnify your field of vision
Discuss the life cycles of both low mass and high mass stars. Be very specific and be sure to include what is going on inside the star during each phase in terms of energy and force
A low mass star, like our sun, will begin its existence once it starts fusion of hydrogen in the core. This puts it in the main sequence, where it will stay for billions of years. Once it runs out of "fuel" it will shed its outer shell and will expand outward, eating up the 4 rocky inner planets. Only the core will remain which will be much smaller than the original star, and much hotter. This is a white dwarf, which after a very very long time to cool will eventually become a black dwarf. Starts that are high mass also start in the main sequence, fusing hydrogen into helium in the core, but they only stay in the stage for millions of years not billions. Once there is no more hydrogen to fuse in the core, they begin fusing heavier elements like iron. It is no longer at the main sequence anymore. After it runs out of iron for fusion the ..... FINISH LATER
A photon of light is found to have a wavelength of 6x10-10 meters. a. What is the frequency associated with this photon? b. How much energy is possessed by this photon?
A) 1. Use velocity = wavelength(frequency) to find frequency 2. use the speed of light (3 x 10^8) for wavelength because it is referring to a light wave 3. plug in wavelength and frequency 4. calculate 5. compare to sig figs 6. Answer= 5 x 10^17 Hz B) 1. use Energy= h(f) 2. h is planks constant (6.626 x 10^-34) 3. plug in planks constant and frequency 4. compare to sig figs 5. Answer= 3.313 x 10^-16
A marketing claim is that a car goes "from 0 to 60 miles per hour in 5.0 s". If this is true, a.)What is the acceleration of the car in m/s2? b.)If the car has a mass of 1500 kg, what force had to be created to accelerate the car?
A) 1. recognize that you need to use the acceleration formula (final velocity- initial velocity / time) 2. convert miles to meters and then from mph to meters to seconds) 3. plug into equation 4. compare with sig figs 5. Answer= 54 m/s2 B) 1. use formula f=ma 2. plug in 1500kg and acceleration that you found in part A 3. calculate 4. compare with sig figs 5. Answer= 8,100 N
Using the graph below of a cart moving along a linear track, a.Describe the motion of the cart. Be very specific. b.Determine the cart's speed when time = 6.0 seconds.
A) 1. refer to chart in practice problems 2. Answer= In two seconds the cart moved 13 meters in a positive direction, the car then turned around and moved 11 meters in the opposite direction in 8 seconds. B) 1. use speed= distance/time 2. plug in plot in the graph for distance and 6.0 for time 3. Answer= 1.63 m/s
A 3000.0 kg logging truck is momentarily at rest at the top of a 25.0 meter high hill. a.)How much work was done to get it to the top of the hill from ground level? b.)The truck now moves without friction down the hill. How fast will it be going when it is 10.0 m above the ground?
A) 1. multiply 3000kg times 9.8 (gravity) to change from mass to weight, which makes it a force 2. use work formula (work = force x distance) 3. calculate 4. compare for sig figs 5. Answer = 750,000 B) 1. Use velocity free fall equation (velocity = SQUAREROOT of 2(gravity)(height) 2. when plugging in make sure to subtract 10 from 25 to find height (15.0 m) 3. calculate 4. compare for sig figs 5. Answer = 17.1 m/s
A 441N student is sitting at rest on a lake of frictionless ice. How he got there, no one knows. But to get himself back to shore, he throws his 0.75 kg boot to the right at 34.2 m/s. a. How fast will the student move and in what direction? b. Presume he moves at a constant speed. If the shore is 10.0 m away, how long will it take to reach it?
A) 1. use conservation of momentum formula (m1v1=m2v2) 2. divide 441 N by 9.8 to take it from a force to a mass 3. plug in 45 to m1, solve for v1, plug in 0.75 for m2, and 34.2 into v2 4. pay attention to direction 5. Answer: 0.57 m/s to the left B) 1. use the velocity formula (v= d/t) but transition it to (t= d/v) to solve for time 2. plug in 10.0 for distance, and 0.57 into time 3. solve, compare to sig figs 4. Answer= 18 seconds
George has a bar magnet and a coil connected to a battery. To preform an experiment, he needs to use different values of current through the wire. How can he generate different values of electric current through the wire without connecting any other device in the circuit?
He can move the magnet in and out of the coil at different speeds.
V =
I x R
p =
I x V
Why does a piece of iron behave like a temporary magnet when placed in a magnetic field?
Iron is composed of tiny atoms with two poles due to the spin of the electrons. When the magnet is rubbed agains the iron, the "domains" (negative and positive) are aligned. Previously they were trapped into their domains, but they can now align with the external magnetic field.
The big bang theory is supported by many, many observations. Discuss at least TWO of the supporting observations. What are they and how do they support the theory?
One of the supporting observations for the big bang theory is the expansion of our universe. When observing the universe we can see that distant objects are red shifted, meaning that they are moving away from us. With those more distant moving away faster than those closer. Because it is expanding now, we can theorize what it would be like in reverse. If it is getting bigger not, it used to be getting smaller, ad we have calculated that if we took the expansion observations to go backwards, to time = 0 we would be left with an unimaginably small dense and hot point which would be the big bang./ Another supporting observation is the cosmic background radiation that was discovered almost by accident through radio waves. It was predicted that if the big bang had happened, something of this magnitude would leave evidence in the form of an afterglow. This cosmic background is radiation that was discovered years later and confirmed the after glow idea. It can be observed throughout the known universe.
v=
SQUAREROOT 2gh
Which of Newtons 3 Laws Applies? A dog dries itself by swinging back and forth a. 1st law b. 2nd law c. 3rd law
a. 1st law
Which of Newtons 3 Laws Applies? a hockey puck glides smoothly down the full length of the rink a. 1st law b. 2nd law c. 3rd law
a. 1st law
When the equation _______Al + _______H2SO4 ==== ______Al2(SO4)3 + _______ H2 is balanced, what is the sum of the coefficients? a. 9 b. 8 c. 6 d. 5
a. 9
One of the main characteristics that defines a liquid is that is: a. Has a defined volume, but not shape b. has both a defined volume and shape c. has a defined shape, but not volume d. has neither a defined shape nor volume
a. Has a defined volume, but not shape
Which device measures the current in a circuit? a. ammeter b. voltmeter c. amplifier d. rheostat
a. ammeter
My weight _______________________. a. changes as i move from place to place in the universe b. is solely determined by how much matter is in me c. is measured in kilograms d. all of the above
a. changes as i move from place to place in the universe
The transfer of heat that occurs when energy moves from molecule to molecule due to collision is called a. conduction b. convection c. radiation d. phase change
a. conduction
Our universe is homogeneous and isotropic. What does that mean? a. it looks the same in all directions no matter where you are located b. it looks the same in all directions when observing it from earth only c. everything is moving away from all of us in all directions d. the universe has no center e. none of the above
a. it looks the same in all directions no matter where you are located
The number of current paths in a series circuit is: a. one b. two c. three d. more than one
a. one
You are a specific element based on the number of ____________ you have. a. protons b. protones and neutrons c. protons and electrons d. particles in your atom
a. protons
The big bang is best described as: a. the event that formed all matter and space from an infinitely small dot of energy b. the event that formed all matter and scattered it into space c. the event that scattered all matter and energy throughout space d. the event that organized the current arrangement of planetary systems.
a. the event that formed all matter and space from an infinitely small dot of energy
how did the system of planets orbiting the sun form? a. the planets formed from the same materials as the sun b. the planets and sun formed at the time of the big bang c. the planets were captured by the suns gravity d. the planets formed from the fusion of hydrogen in their cores
a. the planets formed from the same materials as the sun
A ball rolling across the floor slows to a stop because: a. there is an unbalanced force acting on it b. the applied force that started it rolling is no longer being applied c. all forces are balanced d. the net force is zero
a. there is an unbalanced force acting on it
what is special about the top row in the periodic table? a. unlike other elements, the elements found there need only two electrons to fill a shell b. the elements found there do not have chemical properties similar to any other elements c. they were the first elements discovered d. there is nothing special about them
a. unlike other elements, the elements found there need only two electrons to fill a shell
the unit of electric potential difference is the ___________________. a. volt b. ampere c. ohm d. watt
a. volt
What phase of the moon is this? (test 3, #1) a. waning crescent b. waxing crescent c. first quarter d. third quarter e. waxing gibbous
a. waning crescent
Imagine that Earth was upright with no tilt. How would this affect the seasons? a. we would no longer experience seasons b. we would still experience seasons, but the difference would be less noticeable c. we would still experience seasons, but the difference would be more noticeable d. we would continue to experience seasons in essentially the same way that we do now
a. we would no longer experience seasons
which of the following materials is the best conductor of electricity? a. wet skin b. glass c. dry air d. rubber
a. wet skin
What coefficients balance this equation? _______P4 + _______H2 ==== ________PH3 a. 4, 2, 3 b. 1, 6, 4 c. 1, 4, 4 d. 2, 10, 8
b. 1, 6, 4
Which of Newtons 3 Laws Applies? a kicker propels the football down the field a. 1st law b. 2nd law c. 3rd law
b. 2nd law
Which of Newtons 3 Laws Applies? an apple falls to earth from its tree a. 1st law b. 2nd law c. 3rd law
b. 2nd law
An electromagnetic wave has a wavelength of 6.2 x 10^14 m. What is the frequency of the wave? a. 2.0 x 10^6 b. 4.8 x 10^-7 c. 1.8 x 10^24 d. 5.3 x 10^-22
b. 4.8 x 10^-7
Which element would Ca prefer bonding with? a. Na b. O c.Mg d. Br
b. O
you know a physical change has taken place when: a. products are different substances than reactants b. a change of state occurs c. mass is not conserved d. new elements are formed e. two of the above are correct
b. a change of state occurs
Loudness is determined by the __________________ of the sound wave. a. wavelength b. amplitude c. period d. all of the above
b. amplitude
why arent the atomic masses listed in the periodic table whole numbers? a. scientists have yet to make precise measurements b. atomic masses are weighted averages across all isotopes of that element c. todays instruments are able to measure to many decimal places, they just arent whole numbers. d. silly! all atomic masses are whole numbers
b. atomic masses are weighted averages across all isotopes of that element
If a substance has a pH of 8, it is considered to be (a/an) ____________. a. acid b. base c. neutral
b. base
the atoms in the plastic of your chair were formed: a. in our sun b. by a star existing prior to the formation of our sun c. at the instant of the big bang d. approximately 100 million years ago e. in a distant galaxy in a different part of the early universe.
b. by a star existing prior to the formation of our sun
what is one observation that can confirm a chemical reaction has taken place? a. change of shape b. change of color c. change of texture d. none of the above
b. change of color
When two bodies are charged, the total charge before and after charging remains the same because of: a. quantization of charges b. conservation of charges c. law of induction d. Coulumb's law
b. conservation of charges
all of the soup in the post on the stove gets warm primarily by: a. conduction b. convection c. radiation d. polarization
b. convection
Which of the following objects can set fire to a piece of paper in the presence of sunlight? a. double concave lense b. convex lens c. convex mirror d. concave lens
b. convex lens
You are pushing a rock along level ground and making the rock speed up. How does the size of the force you exert on the rock compare with the size of the force the rock exerts on you? The force you exert, a. is larger than the force the rock exerts on you b. is the same size as the force the rock exerts on you c. is smaller than the force the rock exerts on you d. could by any of the above, it depends on other factors
b. is the same size as the force the rock exerts on you
As an atom fills its electron shells across a row on the Periodic table, it usually becomes _______________. a. larger since there are more electrons to accommodate b. smaller since the energy is being reduced c. unstable d. none of the above
b. smaller since the energy is being reduced
up, down, top, bottom, charm, and __________ are the names of the quarks which make up particles known as hadrons (including protons and neutrons). a. lepton b. strange c. love d. color e. flavor
b. strange
A stars color is determined by its: a. size b. surface temperature c. chemical composition d. mass
b. surface temperature
you pour water, vegetable oil, and maple syrup into a graduated cylinder and let it sit for 10 minutes. In which order will you find the substances when you return (list from bottom to top)? a. oil, water, syrup b. syrup, water, oil c. water, oil, syrup d. syrup, oil, water e. it depends on which order you pour them in
b. syrup, water, oil
The formation of a covalent bond requires: a. the transfer of one or more electrons between atoms b. the sharing of one or more electrons between atoms c. the input of energy d. the creation of a metal
b. the sharing of one or more electrons between atoms
the planet in our solar system with the hottest surface temperature is: a. mercury b. venus c. earth d. mars
b. venus
Three rods of different materials P, Q, and R, are charged by various methods. When the rods are brought near each other, the rods P and Q repel each other, while the rods P and R attract each other. Which of the following could be the signs of the charges on the rods? PQR a. +, +, + b. -, +, - c. -, -, + d. -, -, -
c. -, -, +
Which of the following systems of forces provides the block the highest net force? a. 11 N ------ 71 N b. 405 N ------ 403 N c. 227 N ------ 153 N d. 22.7 N ------ 15.3 N
c. 227 N ------ 153 N
Which of Newtons 3 Laws Applies? a lady stands on the scale in her bathroom and it reads her weight a. 1st law b. 2nd law c. 3rd law
c. 3rd law
How old is our solar system? a. 4.6 million years b. 13.8 million years c. 4.6 billion years d. 13.8 billion years
c. 4.6 billion years
which of the following is the best ranking (smallest to largest) for the size of these objects? A: solar system B: sun C: jupiter D:andromeda galaxy E: galaxy cluster F: Nebula a. C<F<B<A<D<E b. E<D<F<A<B<C c. C<B<A<F<D<E d. F<C<B<A<D<E e. None of the above is correct
c. C<B<A<F<D<E
If heat flows because materials at different temperatures have different densities, this is known as _____________. a. Radiation b. Conduction c. Convection d. Diffraction
c. Convection
Which of the following objects has the largest percentage of ice in it? a. meteoroid b. asteroid c. comet d. meteorite
c. comet
Which of the following statements is true about electric forces? a. electric forces cause objects to only attract each other b. electric forces cause objects to only repel each other c. electric forces cause objects to repel or attract each other d. electric forces have no effect on each other.
c. electric forces cause objects to repel or attract each other
when the sun reaches the end of its life, what will happen to it? a. it will turn into a black hole b. it will explode, destroying earth c. it will lose its outer layers, leaving its core behind d. it will not die due to its mass
c. it will lose its outer layers, leaving its core behind
How do we know most of what we know about the universe? a. we send spacecraft out to scoop up samples and return material to earth for analysis b. we think about it and come up with logical conclusions c. light from objects in the universe brings the information to us on earth d. none of the above
c. light from objects in the universe brings the information to us on earth
energy is released from atoms in the form of light when electrons: a. are emitted by the atom b. move from low energy levels to high energy levels c. move from high energy levels to low energy levels d. move in their orbit around the nucleus.
c. move from high energy levels to low energy levels
which electromagnetic wave in the visible range of the spectrum has the most energy? a. one we see as red b. one we see as yellow c. one we see as violet d. one we see as black
c. one we see as violet
temperature is a measure of what? a. the amount of heat in the body b. the average potential energy of the particles in the body c. the average kinetic energy of the particles in the body d. more than one of the above
c. the average kinetic energy of the particles in the body
Complete the action-reation pair for a crate pushes on the floor. a. gravity pushes on the crate b. the crate pushes on the air c. the floor pushes on the crate d. could be any of the above; it depends on other factors.
c. the floor pushes on the crate
A person walking on a level surface moves forward because of the force of __________________. a. his feet pushing forward on the floor b. his feet pushing backward on the floor c. the floor pushing forward on his feet d. the floor pushing backward on his feet
c. the floor pushing forward on his feet
The 13 constellations of the zodiac are singled out because: a. they govern our lives b. they are always above the horizon as viewed from the northern hemisphere c. the sun appears to move through them over the course of the year d. they are circumpolar e. they are above the north pole as it precesses through its 26,000 year cycle
c. the sun appears to move through them over the course of the year
current evidence about the future of the universe tells us that a. the universe will one day collapse b. the universe will expand to a certain size and stop there c. the universe will expand forever d. we have no clue about the future of the universe
c. the universe will expand forever
How old is our universe? a. 4.6 million years b. 13.8 million years c. 4.6 billion years d. 13.8 billion years
d. 13.8 billion years
identify the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom of Uranium (92 is atomic number, 235 atomic mass) a. 92 protons, 92 neutrons, 51 electrons b. 143 protons, 92 neutrons, 143 electrons c. 92 protons, 235 neutrons, 92 electrons d. 92 protons, 143 neutrons, 92 electrons e. 92 protons, 143 neutrons, 235 electrons
d. 92 protons, 143 neutrons, 92 electrons
There are four coils of wire being used as electromagnets. They all have the same size and are made up of the same material but have a different number of loops. Which coil will produce a magnetic field with the maximum strength when the same amount of current passes through all coils? a. a coil having 10 loops b. a coil having 25 loops c. a coil having 30 loops d. a coil having 45 loops
d. a coil having 45 loops
What is a star? a. a ball of gas that reflects light from another energy source b. a bright point of light visible in in Earth's atmosphere c. a hot ball of gas that produces energy by burning gases d. a hot ball of gas that produces energy by combining atoms into heavier atoms e. a hot ball of gas that produces energy by breaking apart atoms into lighter atoms
d. a hot ball of gas that produces energy by combining atoms into heavier atoms
Which of the following is an example of a physical property? a. density b. odor c. solubility d. all of the above
d. all of the above
a red apple is illuminated by a green light, what color would the apple appear? a. red b. green c. yellow d. black
d. black
which of the following elements is NOT magnetized temporarily in the presence of a permanent magnet? a. iron b. cobalt c. nickel d. carbon
d. carbon
what type of reaction has to occur for you to get energy out of the gasoline in the tank of your car? a. decomposition b. synthesis c. single replacement d. combustion
d. combustion
Which of the following is an example of a chemical change? a. water freezes into ice crystals b. perfume on your skin generates a smell c. a piece of metal expands when heated d. gasoline burns in a car engine, producing exhaust
d. gasoline burns in a car engine, producing exhaust
How does the Sun produce the energy that heats our planet? a. the gases inside the sun are burning and producing large amounts of energy. b. gas inside the sun heats up when compressed, giving off large amounts of energy c. heat trapped by magnetic fields in the sun is released as energy d. hydrogen is combined into helium, giving off large amounts of energy. e. the core of the sun has radioactive atoms that give off energy as they decay.
d. hydrogen is combined into helium, giving off large amounts of energy.
when a comb is run through your hair and brought near a small piece of paper, the paper is attracted to the comb due to ____________________. a. convection b. conduction c. polarization d. induction
d. induction
Which one property of a star will determine the rest of the characteristics of that star's life? a. brightness b. temperature c. color d. mas e. chemical makeup
d. mass
Which one property of a star will determine the rest of the characteristics of the stars life? a. brightness b. temperature c. color d. mass e. chemical makeup
d. mass
which of the following ranks locations from closest to the earth to farthest from the earth? a. sun, moon, edge of our solar system, the north star, the edge of our galaxy b. sun, north star, moon, edge of galaxy, edge of solar system c. moon, north star, sun, edge of solar system, edge of galaxy d. moon, sun, edge of solar system, north star, edge of galaxy e. north star, moon, sun, edge of galaxy, edge of solar system
d. moon, sun, edge of solar system, north star, edge of galaxy
the planet with the fasts winds in our solar system is a. jupiter b. saturn c. uranus d. neptune e. earth
d. neptune
what factor is primarily responsible for making galaxy classification such a difficult thing to do? a. the classes of galaxies are not defined very well b. the size of galaxies are so widely variable c. the distances to the galaxies are not well known d. the angle at which we observe the galaxy can hide feature we need to see e. all of the above have equal effects on the issue
d. the angle at which we observe the galaxy can hide feature we need to see
Astronauts float and appear to be weightless when they are in orbit around the Earth because a. there is no gravity in orbit b. there is no air holding them down c. NASA has secretly developed anti-gravity boots d. they are in freefall around the earth
d. they are in freefall around the earth
At which location in the moon's orbit would the phase you see in the previous question occur? (test 3, #2) a. 7 b. 6 c. 4 d. 2 e. 8
e. 8
Which scientist discovered the conservation of mass? a. Humphry Davy b. Dmitri Mendeleev c. Joseph Priestley d. Marie Curie e. Antoine Lavoisier
e. Antoine Lavoisier
Which of these elements have chemical properties similar to Chlorine (C)? a. O b. Na c. S d. Ar e. Br
e. Br
True or False? Specular reflection obeys the laws of reflection while diffuse reflection does not.
false
True or False? The lens of the human eye has a fixed focal length
false
work =
force x distance
if you pull a bar magnet in and out of a coil at different speeds....
it will generate different current values
specular and reflection and diffuse reflection both
obey the laws of the reflection
iron becomes a temporary magnet when
spins of electrons are in the same direction, this happens if you put iron in a magnetic field
Discuss the Solar Nebula Theory. What does it say and what specific characteristics of our solar system does it help explain?
the solar nebula theory addresses the formation of stellar systems, such as our solar system. Originally, there is a cloud of dust and gas. A nearby supernova will usually cause this cloud to begin to collapse, spin, then flatten and form an accretion disk. Gravity will cause the spinning gas and dust to come together. This will lead to protostars. and eventually stars, as well as planetesimals; which will later become planets. This theory helps to explain why the orbits of all of the planets around the sun are in the same directions, as they were all formed in the same accretion disk which was rotating in its specific direction. It also explains why the terrestrial planets formed closer to the sun and why the gas planets formed farther away.
True or False? In materials such as metals, the outer shell electrons are loosely bound to the nuclei of their atoms and are free to move from one atom to another. These materials are good electrical conductors.
true
True or False? Sound travels faster in steel than it does in air or water.
true
Convex mirro
upright image for cars
a =
vf-vi / t
