Physical Science Mid Term (Prologue HW)

Both Ptolemy and Copernicus incorrectly explained the motions and orbital paths of the planets by basing their models on Greek ideologies of perfect form and motion. What were the Greek ideologies for perfect form and motion?

A circle and uniform motion

Ptolemy's geocentric model and Copernicus' heliocentric model both followed the teachings of Aristotle in regards to perfect form and motion. The geocentric model was also influenced by the religious doctrine of the time and situated Earth in a very special place in the universe. What was the common belief about Earth's location in the universe?

Earth is at the center of the universe.

The geocentric and the heliocentric model both conformed to the philosophical belief of perfect form and motion. The geocentric model also conformed to a religious doctrine, while the heliocentric did not. What was this religious doctrine?

Earth is at the center of the universe.

Testable by Science

Earth orbits the sun every 365.25 days Mars once had liquid water on its surface Bacteria acquire resistance to antibiotics through changes in their DNA. There will be a solar eclipse next Tuesday 11 a.m. People born under the sign of Sagittarius are twice as likely to be teachers as anyone else.

Both geocentric and heliocentric

Epicycles and deferents help explain planetary motion. Planets moving in circular orbits and with uniform motion. The brightness of a planet increases when the planet is closest to Earth. Plenetary orbits and motions based on Greek ideologies of perfect form and motion. Predicted planetary positions accorately over relatively short time periods.

Not testable by science

Hurricane Katrina was an act of God Vince Young is the greatest quarterback of all time.

The geocentric model, in all of its complexity, survived scientific scrutiny for almost 1400 years. However, in modern astronomy, scientists seek to explain the natural and physical world we live in as simply as possible. The complexity of Ptolemy's model was an indicator that his theory was inherently flawed. Why, then, was the geocentric model the leading theory for such a long time, even though the heliocentric model more simply explained the observed motions and brightness of the planets?

The complexity of the geocentric model was appealing to most ancient astronomers. (not this one) The geocentric model conformed to both the philosophical and religious doctrines of the time. The heliocentric model did not make noticeably better predictions than the geocentric model. Ancient astronomers did not observe stellar parallax, which would have provided evidence in favor of the heliocentric model. From Earth, all heavenly bodies appeared to circle around Earth, while Earth remained still.

Geocentric

This model is Earth-centered Retrograde motion is explained by epicycles. Rooted in widely accepted religious beliefs regarding Earth's place in the universe.

Heliocentric

This model is Sun-centered Retrograde motion is explained by the orbital speeds of planets. Explained planetary motions and brightness changes most simply.

Which of these is a scientific hypothesis (that could be proved wrong)?

an atom is the smallest bit of matter in a material

Success in science is mainly linked to emphasis on

experiments

When a scientist is dishonest and reports false information, he or she

gets no second chance in the scientific community.

In science, an educated guess is a

hypothesis

The language of science is

mathematics

A truly educated person is knowledgeable about

science. the arts. religion. all of the above(correct)

The synthesis of a large collection of information that contains well-tested and verified hypotheses about certain aspects of the world is known as a scientific

theory