Physical Science (Mrs.Thomas) Final Exam

While Robert was helping his father in the garden, he pushed a shovel in the ground to dig a hole in the dirt. He picked up a shrub, carried it to the hole, and held it while he lowered it into the hole. During which parts of this process does Robert NOT do work?

He picked up a shrub He held it while he lowered it into the ground

Jonathan is writing an essay on wind turbines. He understands that a wind turbine is a type of generator that uses wind to produce electricity. Explain how a wind turbine creates electricity that we can use in our homes

It takes mechanical energy & converts it into an electric current

Which types of energy are included in mechanical energy?

Kinetic & Potential

Talia was reading about the differences between the two types of transformers. She learned that _______ transformers have more loops in their primary coils than in their secondary coils. These transformers are typically used in objects like laptop chargers. ________ transformers have fewer loops in their primary coils than in their secondary coils. These transformers assist in transferring electricity between locations

Step-down & Step-up

The magnetic field of earth acts very similarily to a bar magnet. The magnetic field is created by molten iron within earth's core. Humans and animals rely on the magnetic field for navigation. Describe how the magnetic field is used for navigation, and explain how it protects life on earth.

The magnetic field of the earth repels the harmful solor flares & other things that could harm us. They have like charges which makes them repel each other. In a compass, the little needle always points north due to the force in the magnetic field.

Explain how energy is conserved in the roller-coaster ride. Iclude descriptions of at least one energy transfer and at least two energy transformations

The roller-coaster os conserving energy because when it is moving (kinetic), than it is staying still (potential). The energy transfers from the engine to the wheels The chemical energy from the engine transforms into mechanical energy Another transformation is when the chemical turns to therml from the friction of the wheels on the track

In the graph, the ball is still moving down the hill. Explain how the graph would change if it showed the bal reaching the bottom of the hill and stopping. Then, explain how coming to a stop affects the mechanical energy of the ball

When the ball begins to reach the bottom of the hill, the graph would show a decline of kinetic energy and incline of potential energy. The mechanical would change because of the increase of potential energy and the decrease of kinetic energy; Since mechanical energy is kinetic energy plus potential energy

Next, she decides to invesigate their magnetic force. What tests could she perform to determine which magnet has a stronger magnetic force?

a. Put both magnets on a refrigerator door, and test which requires more force to pull it off the door d. poor iron fillings onto both magnets while they are apart and see which fillings arrange into lines that are closer together

Kira is creating a list of possible ways that the strength of an electromagnet can be altered. Which of the following should Kira NOT add to her list

a. adding an insulator to the electromagnet

Chloe is training for her first half-marathon, which requires her to run 21.1km. Before she runs, she carefully chooses the foods that will give her the energy her body requires for the race. She stands still at the starting line, then she starts running, her body warming up as she runs. Which 3 energy transformations take place in this example

a. chemical energy to kinetic energy b. chemical energy to thermal energy d. potential energy to kinetic energy

Marcus is hanging a porch swing on his front porch. The first thing he has to do is attach two springs to the ceiling. Then, he fastens the swing to the springs so that they can stretch and support the weight of the swing. Which two types of potential energy do the springs have?

a. elastic b. gravitational

if she increased the voltage in the circuit and kept the resistance the same, what would happen to the amount of current

a. increase

Bella is designig a model of a longitudinal sound wave for her science classroom. Which of the following pieces of information should Bella include her model

a. sound must travel through a material to transfer energy c. rarefraction and compression are properties of longitudinal waves

Justin was creating a chart comparing the potential energy between charged particles and the potential energy of magnets. Which of the following is true?

a. the potential energy between both like charges and like poles increases as they move closer together

when the energy of a wave is transferred to the material it encounters it is called _______

absorption

_____ is the rate of change of velocity

acceleration

newtons third law states that for every ______ there is an equal and opposite ______

action and reaction

half the vertical distance from the trough to the crest

amplitude

Mia learns that electric forces are _____ between particles like protons and electrons. The electric forces are _______ between particles like two protons. These forces can be experienced over a distance due to _______

attractive repellent electric fields

Maria's class has learned how to drop an egg without breaking it. After 0.2s, the kinetic energy of the falling egg is 0.5 J. If its mechanical energy is 2.3 J, what is its potential energy

b. 1.8 J

According to the graph, what is the mechanical energy of the ball

b. 5 J

Jordan wants to know the difference between using a 60-W and 100-W lightbulb in her lamp. She calculates the energy it would take to use each bulb for 30 days byusing the equation: Power=Energy transferred (J)/time (s) What is the difference in the amount of energy transferred by the two bulbs during this time

b.1200 J

How would this electromagnet work?

c. The wire loops around the nail, which becomes magnetic when the current flows from the battery through the wires

she is using identical materials to create 3 different electromagnets of varying strength. How can the same materials be used to create a stronger electromagnet

c. add more loops of wire around the nail to increase the magnetic field

At what point on the track does the car have the greatest potential energy? The greatest kinetic energy?

c. at the highest point on the track; at the lowest point on the track

Tom and his group were making a poster for their classroom to depict the ways that electricity and magnetism work together. Which of the following should the groupp add to their poster?

c. magnetic fields can induce a current e. a current can include a magnetic field

Which of the following best describes each particle

c. protons are positive, neutrons are neutral, and electrons are negative

Erika visits the Grand Canyon with her family. When she shouts near the edge, she can hear her voice echo throughout the canyon. Which statement describes why Erika hears her echo

c. the sound waves reflected off the canyon walls

Sunlight enables plants to use water and carbon dioxide during photosynthesis to make and store sugar. Any animal that eats the plants can convert the sugar into the energy it needs to move from place to place. Whuc 3 types of energy are involved in this example

chemical electromagnetic kinetic

the surface of a _______ mirror curves inward

concave

a ______ mirroe is like the outside of a bowl because it is a mirror with a surface that curves outward

convex

As the top of each wave passes by Betty, it pushes her up. Which part of the wave does this?

crest

Adrienne measured the voltage in her circuit and found it to be 120 volts. She knew that the resistor she had placed in her circuit had a resistance of 1,500 ohms what was the current in her circuit in amps

d. 0.08 amps

Kamaria explains the difference between alternating and direct currents to her younger brother. What is the primary difference between the 2 currents

d. direct currents always flows in one direction, while alternating currents keep changing direction

Why do some materials allow electricity to flow through while others do not

d. electricity will flow if the electrons are bound loosely to their atoms in the material

which of these staements is true about the behavior of light

d. light behaves as a wave or a particle depending on the situation

Hal researches how rainbows form. He learns that when light traveling through the air moves through water droplets, a rainbow forms. Which process names what happens when light is transmitted from air to water during the formation of a rainbow

d. refraction

Where are the strongest and weakest parts of the magnetic field shown in the diagram?

d. strongest: C, weakest B

Corey pours lemonade into a glass and places a straw in the glass. When he observes the straw through the side of the glass, the straw appears to be broken into two parts. Whic statement explains Corey's observations of the straw

d. the light waves are bending when they travel from one material to another

Betty sees a large speed boat pass in the distance. The boat's motion causes small waves to form and travel outward. What will most likely happen as the larger ocean waves approach the waves created by the boat

d. the waves will momentarily create a new wave with a crest higher than the original wave

the distance and direction an object has moved from its starting point to its ending point is ______

displacement

_______ is how far an object has moved

distance

the complete range of electromagnteic waves placed in order of increasing frequency is called the ________ _______

electromagnetic spectrum

an ________ ________ is made up of vibrating electric and magnetic fields that can move through space at the speed of light

electromagnteic wave

Celia plays center field on the school softball team. She is one of the best hitters on the team. When she swings the bat, she uses _____ to change the _______ of the bat by applying a ________.

energy motion force

newtons first law explains what causes things to move or stop moving. Newtons second law explains the relationship between _____,_____, and ______

force, acceleration, and mas

the number of waves that pass a given point in a certain amount of time

frequency

Juan wants to measure the current traveling through the straight wire in his experiment. He uses a(n) _______ as his tool. He places the wire in between 2 permanent magnets to measure the current created by the magnteic field

galvanometer

electromagnetic waves with the shortest wavelengths and the highest frequencies are ____ ______

gamma rays

______ is the attractive force between any two objects that depends on the masses of the objects and the distance between them

gravity

if a car is traveling at a constant speed, it has no acceleration and on a speed/time graph the line would be ______ and have _____ slope

horizontal & zero

what is an electromagnet

if each has the same number & tightness of loops, this is stronger

Two boys are holding onto the ends of a long piece of string, and they move it up and down to make a wave. They begin to move the string faster and faster. When they move the string, the energy _________ and the frequency _______

increases decreses

an objects tendency to resist a change in motion is

inertia

newtons first law is also known as the law of ______

inertia

The ______ of a sound wave is the amount of energy it carries per second through a unit area

intesity

What causes lighting? Describe each step involved in the forming of lightning. Give another example of a similar process.

it is made up of fast moving electrons; made by a build up of negative energy. There begins to be a build up of negative charge; so to balance it, it shoots energy to another object. Another example is static electricity

what is a solenoid

its created from a stacked loop of wires

a _____ ______, such as sound, travels in the same direction as the vibrations that cause it

longitudinal wave

What types of material are magnetic

materials that contain iron

a __________ ________ must move through matter, called a medium, and cannot travel through a vacuum such as space

mechanical wave

When something has changed position, ______ must have occurred

motion

if a car is slowing down, it has _______ acceleration

negative

is it possible for the displacement to be greater than the distance traveled

no

The areas on a wave where the amplitude is zero is called _______, and the areas on the wave where the amplitude is the greatest are known as ________

nodes antinodes

a material that reflects or absorbs all of the light that strikes it is called ______

opaque

the _______ of a sound refers to how high or low the sound seems

pitch

There are many stories that exist of opera singers breaking glasses with theor voices. The vocalist must match the _______ of their voice to the neutral _______ of the glass. The louder the singer can go , the more ______ the vibrations have, and the better the chance of shattering the glass

pitch frequency intensity

if a car is speeding up, it has _____ acceleration

positive

electromagnetic waves with the longest wavelengths and the lowest frequencies are _____ _____

radio waves

which of these staements describes visible light?

red light has a longer distance between wave vrests than blue light Blue light has a shorter distance between wave crests than orange light

a wave bounces off and heads in a different direction in a _______

reflection

the bending of light waves as they transmit from one medium to another is due to _________ which is bending of waves due to change in speed

refraction

____ means 'as it relates to'

relative

newtons first law of motion states that an object at _____ tends to stay at ______ unless acted upon by an outside force. And an object in _______ tends to stay in _______ unless acted upon by an outside ______.

rest rest force motion motion force

describe how light and sound waves are affected when they move from from air to water

sound waves travel faster in water than in air and light waves travel faster in air than in water

the distance a wave travels in a certain amount of time

speed

Sydney was organizing a box of resistors by resistance range. She knows that there are several factors that go into determining the resistance. Which of the following factors is resistance dependent on?

temperature diameter material

Jaime has a 20-N bird feeder on a 2-m pole in his yard. The gravitaional potential energy (GPE) of the bird feeder is the result of ______. The GPE of this full bird feeder is ________.

the gravitaional puul of earth & 40 N*m

Awhina also wants to make a chart to show which direction the magnetic field is flowing for each of her elctromagnets. Describe how she would determine the direction of the magnetic field for the electromagnets. Include a description of how the magnetic field appears around looped wire.

the magnetic field is stronger the closer the wires. it rotates around the wire. she could determine the flow by telling if it is repelling or attracting objects that contain iron

speed is the distance an object travels per unit of ______

time

why would you need to know the velocity of a hurricane rather than its speed

to know which way it is going in order to prepare

Michael loves to play the piano. When he hits a key, energy from the key starts a _______ of energy to _______, to ____________ to ___________, so that you hear the music he plays

transfer a string in the piano your eardrum the air

a material that transmits most of the light that strikes it is called _______

transparent

a _________ _______ is a mechanical wave that travels perpendicular to the direction of the source's motion

transverse wave

_______ tells us both the speed and direction an object is moving

velocity

electromagnteic waves that you can see are called ______ ______

visible light

Ronnie was building a circuit connecting a battery to a lightbulb to a battery. The current flows due to a difference in potential energy called ______. The light bulb is a(n) ______, which slows the flow of current in the circuit.

voltage & resistor

a _____ is any disturbance that transfers energy from one place to another

wave

the distance a wave travels before repeating

wavelength

is it possible for distance to be greater than the displacement

yes