Physical science Sandoy semester 1 final

6

A common isotope of Nitrogen has an atomic number of 7 and a mass number of 13. How many neutrons are in an atom of this isotope?

neither definite shape nor definite volume.

A gas has

glue gun melts a glue stick.

A physical change occurs when a

proton.

A positively charged particle that accounts for nearly half the mass of an atom is the:

It is a high energy electron.

According to Figure 14-1B, which of the following statements is true of beta radiation?

a nucleus

According to Rutherford, what was in the center of an atom?

1

Alkali metals, highly reactive with oxygen, are found on the periodic table in group:

neutral, with the number of protons equaling the number of electrons

All atoms are ____.

brittle.

All of the following are characteristics of metals EXCEPT:

one

An alkaline earth metal has two valence electron, while an alkali metal has

noble gases.

Argon, krypton, and xenon are

one or seven valence electrons.

Atoms of the most reactive elements tend to have

isotopes

Atoms of the same element that have different masses are called

semiconductors

Based on their location in the periodic table, boron and antimony might be good elements to use as

reshaped.

Because ions in metals can be easily arranged without breaking the metallic bonds, metals tend to be easily

higher than melting points of molecular compounds.

Because the particles in ionic compounds like sodium iodide are more strongly attracted than in molecular compounds like H2O, the melting points of ionic compounds are 35% 2223

malleability

Besides being valuable, gold is special because it can be hammered into a very thin foil. This property is called

Cl I Cl - C - Cl I C

CCl4 What is the line structure?

S = C = S

CS2 What is the line structure?

Physical change

Causes a change in size, shape, or state of matter. Does not change the identity of the matter.

a gas changes to a liquid.

Condensation occurs when:

element

Copper is an example of a(an):

carbon and nitrogen.

Covalent bonds would most likely form between:

two non metals.

Covalent bonds would most likely form between:

an oxidation number of 1+

Elements in the first column of the periodic table are known as alkali metals. These elements, when ionized, have in common:

atomic number.

Evidence gathered since Mendeleev's time indicates that a better arrangement than atomic mass for elements in the periodic table is an arrangement by

2

Explain how many more valence electrons this atom needs to have a filled outer energy level.

the size of their particles.

Filtration can be used to separate mixtures based on

a photon must be absorbed.

For an electron in an atom to change from the ground or lowest state to an excited or higher energy state,

metallic.

Groups of atoms held together by a sea of electrons have ________ bonds: 30% 2223

H - S - H

H2S What is the line structure?

H - F

HF What is the line structure?

2

How many electrons does barium have to give up to achieve a noble-gas electron configuration?

8

How many electrons fill the outermost energy level of an atom?

4

How many energy levels are filled in a krypton atom?

tiny, dense, positively charged

How would you describe the nucleus?

like planets orbiting the sun.

In Niels Bohr's model of the atom, electrons move

anions.

In a crystal of an ionic compound, each cation is surrounded by

Solid-Liquid-Gas

List the phases of water in order, from the phase with the slowest molecular movement to the phase with the fastest molecular movement.

the amount of matter that makes up something, not the space it takes up.

Mass is a measurement of:

electrical conductors.

Materials that allow electricity to flow through easily are known as:

covalent

Molecules, like H2O and CO2, are held together by shared electrons have ________ bonds:

valence electrons

Most atoms form bonds using which of the following? 35% test err 1819

Cl I Cl - N - Cl

NCl3 What is the line structure?

nickel chlorate

Name the compound Ni(ClO3)2.

Power and bombs; Killing cells and contaminating objects; Tracking & dating objects

Nuclear fission energy release can be used for

Stars making elements; Hydrogen bombs; Powering stars

Nuclear fusion is used for

reactivity.

One chemical property of matter is

P (3 lines) N

PN What is the line structure?

condensation

Phase Changes Between States of Matter - Gas to liquid

melting

Phase Changes Between States of Matter - Solid to liquid

depostition

Phase Changes Between States of Matter - gas to solid

vaporization

Phase Changes Between States of Matter - liquid to gas

freezing

Phase Changes Between States of Matter - liquid to solid

sublimation

Phase Changes Between States of Matter - solid to gas

Ionic

Potassium and iodine combine to form a compound called potassium iodide. Potassium (K) has an oxidation number of +1 and iodine (I) has an oxidation number of -1.What type of compound is potassium iodide?

S = O

SO What is the line structure? Correct answer:

loses, gains

Sodium forms an ionic bond with chlorine when sodium ____ an electron and chlorine ____ an electron.

loses 2 electrons.

The Ca atom becomes the ion, Ca2+, when it:

lithium, atomic number 3

The atom of the element most likely to ionically bond with a single atom of chlorine, atomic number 17, is:

3

The atomic number of Lithium

most reactive metals

The column on the far left of the periodic table contains the

D

The diagram that best represents the Lewis dot diagram of a chlorine atom is:

IV

The diagram that best represents the Lewis dot diagram of a potassium atom is:

0.0518 g/cm3.

The mass of a 5.00 cm3 sample of gold is 96.5 g. The density of gold is

about the same as that of a proton.

The mass of a neutron is

are largely unreactive.

The most characteristic chemical property of the noble gases is that they

periodic table.

The most useful source of general information about the elements for anyone associated with chemistry is a

4

The number of protons in Be

the electron configuration of a noble gas

The octet rule states that, in chemical compounds, atoms become more stable, have less energy and tend to have ____.

1-

The oxidation number for group 17, halogens, is:

protons and neutrons

The particles that are found in the nucleus of an atom are ____.

melting.

The phase change in which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid is

electron cloud.

The region outside the nucleus where an electron can most probably be found is the

insulators, not conductors, as a solid hard have a high melting point brittle

The rigid crystal structure of ionic compounds like chalk or limestone, both, CaCO3, make them 35% 2223

atom

The smallest particle of an element that retains the identity of the element is a(n):

solid state.

The state of matter in which a material has definite shape and definite volume is the

matter

The term used to describe anything that has mass and takes up space is:

halogens

To which group do fluorine and chlorine belong?

not reactive, so good in jewelry hard and dense, useful in construction good conductors of thermal and electrical energy.

Transition metals are

photons

What are quanta of light called?

lithium ion

What does a lithium atom become when it loses its only valence electron?

A compound can only be separated into its components by chemical means.

What is one difference between a mixture and a compound?

A composition changes, producing new substances.

What is the best way to tell if a chemical change has taken place?

sulfide ion

What is the correct name for the S2- ion?

O2-

What is the formula of the ion formed when Oxygen, a group 6A non metal, achieves a noble-gas electron configuration?

K+

What is the formula of the ion formed when potassium, a group 1A metal, achieves noble-gas electron configuration?

88.5 mL

What is the volume of liquid in the graduated cylinder shown in Figure A?

K2O

What would the chemical formula be for a compound made up of potassium (K1+) and oxygen (O 2-)?

lost, gained, or shared.

When chemical compounds form, valence electrons are those in the highest energy level and may be

their chemical bonds

Which best explains the observation that metals are malleable and ionic crystals are brittle?

fluorine

Which element, when combined with potassium, would most likely form an ionic compound?

sodium, chromium, copper

Which list of elements contains only metals?

magnesium

Which of the following elements is in the same period as phosphorus?

They form after a physical change.

Which of the following is NOT true of compounds?

a jar of mixed nuts

Which of the following is a heterogeneous mixture?

color; mass; freezing point

Which of the following is a physical property?

CaF2

Which of the following is an example of an ionic compound, not a molecular formula? 30% 2223

Energy is absorbed or released A color change occurs An odor change occurs

Which of the following is generally associated with a chemical change?

gold

Which of the following is malleable?

They are formed from a metal and a nonmetal

Which of the following is true about the composition of ionic compounds?

table salt (NaCl)

Which of the following items is a compound?

A

Which of the reactions shown in Figure 14-1A illustrates alpha decay and emis a helium-4 nucleus?

2

Which part of the illustration above shows the particles in a homogeneous mixture?

They have the same number of protons.

Which statement about isotopes is true?

There are fewer nonmetals than metals They have low conductivity.

Which statement is true of nonmetals?

electron

Which subatomic particle is negatively charged particles?

ionization

XC Phase Changes Between States of Matter - gas to plasma

recombination

XC Phase Changes Between States of Matter - plasma to gas