Physics 1 Final - Conceptual Questions
Four traveling waves are described by the following equations, where all quantities are measured in SI units and y represents the displacement. I: y = 0.12 cos(3x - 21t) II: y = 0.15 sin(6x + 42t) III: y = 0.13 cos(6x + 21t) IV: y = -0.27 sin(3x - 42t) Which of these waves have the same period? A) I and III, and also II and IV B) I and IV, and also II and III C) I and II, and also III and IV D) All of them have the same period. E) They all have different periods.
A) I and III, and also II and IV
Two blocks of ice, one four times as heavy as the other, are at rest on a frozen lake. A person pushes each block the same distance d. Ignore friction and assume that an equal force 𝐹⃗ is exerted on each block. Which of the following statements is true about the kinetic energy of the heavier block after the push? A) It is equal to the kinetic energy of the lighter block. B) It is larger than the kinetic energy of the lighter block. C) It is smaller than the kinetic energy of the lighter block. D) It cannot be determined without knowing the speed and the mass of each block. E) It cannot be determined without knowing the time the force applied.
A) It is equal to the kinetic energy of the lighter block.
On a smooth horizontal floor, an object slides into a spring which is attached to another mass that is initially stationary. When the spring is most compressed, both objects are moving at the same speed. Ignoring friction, what is conserved during this interaction? A) Momentum and mechanical energy. B) Momentum only. C) Kinetic energy only. D) Momentum and kinetic energy. E) Momentum and potential energy.
A) Momentum and mechanical energy.
A cylinder is rolling without slipping down an inclined plane. The friction at the contact point P is A) Static and points up the inclined plane. B) Static and points down the inclined plane. C) Kinetic and points up the inclined plane. D) Kinetic and points down the inclined plane. E) Zero because it is rolling without slipping.
A) Static and points up the inclined plane.
The moment of inertia of an object depends on which of the following factors? A) The axis about which the object is rotated. B) The torque applied to the object. C) The angular acceleration of the object. D) Where the force is applied. E) The angular velocity of the object.
A) The axis about which the object is rotated.
During volleyball practice a volleyball is tossed over a net, starting from a height of 1.5 meters above the ground. After flying over the net it returns to that height as it falls. What is true about the ball's motion at that moment, if we ignore air resistance? A) The ball's speed is the same as when it was tossed, but its velocity is different. B) The ball's speed and velocity are different than when it was tossed. C) The ball's velocity is the same as when it was tossed, but its speed is different. D) The ball's speed and velocity are the same as when it was tossed. E) None of above
A) The ball's speed is the same as when it was tossed, but its velocity is different.
Objects A and B are near each other in space and isolated from all other influences. Object A has a mass of 3m while object B has a mass of m. How does the magnitude of the net force on each object compare? A) The magnitude of the net force on each object is the same. B) The magnitude of the net force on A is three times as much as on B. C) The magnitude of the net force on A is twice as much as on B. D) The magnitude of the net force on A is half as much as on B. E) The magnitude of the net force on A is one-third as much as on B.
A) The magnitude of the net force on each object is the same.
An object is moving forward with a constant velocity. Which statement about this object MUST be true? A) The net force on the object is zero. B) The net force on the object is in the forward direction. C) No forces are acting on the object. D) The acceleration of the object is in the forward direction. E) The acceleration of the object is in the backward direction.
A) The net force on the object is zero.
A string of length L is rigidly held at both ends. The string is plucked and a standing wave is formed in the string. What is true about the motion of the point on the string located at an anti-node on this standing wave? A) The particles at an anti-node oscillate up and down with maximum amplitude perpendicular to the length of the string. B) The particles at an anti-node move back and forth with maximum amplitude parallel to the length of the string. C) The particles at an anti-node move back and forth with a constant speed parallel to the length of the string. D) The particles at an anti-node move up and down with a constant speed perpendicular to the length of the string. E) The particles at an anti-node do not move at all.
A) The particles at an anti-node oscillate up and down with maximum amplitude perpendicular to the length of the string.
A solid sphere is rolling without sliding about its center of axis with moment of inertia 2MR2/5 along a flat, horizontal plane. The center of mass of the sphere is moving toward the south at constant velocity. Which one of the following statements concerning the translational and rotational kinetic energies of the sphere is true? A) The translational kinetic energy is greater than the rotational kinetic energy. B) The translational kinetic energy is less than the rotational kinetic energy. C) The translational kinetic energy is equal to the rotational kinetic energy. D) The sum of the translational and rotational kinetic energies equals the gravitational potential energy of the cylinder. E) The sum of the translational and rotational kinetic energies equals zero joules.
A) The translational kinetic energy is greater than the rotational kinetic energy.
What is true about the work done by a conservative force? A) The work done by a conservative force is always path independent. B) The work done by a conservative force is always path dependent. C) The work done by a conservative force will always increase the total mechanical energy of a system. D) The work done by a conservative force will always decrease the total mechanical energy of a system. E) The work done by a conservative force along any closed path is not zero.
A) The work done by a conservative force is always path independent.
The graph shows the x-component of a force applied to an object versus the position of that object in the x-direction. How is the work done by this force determined from the data in a graph? A) The work done by the force is equal to the area under the force versus position function. B) The work done by the force is equal to the maximum value of the force multiplied by the object's position. C) The work done by the force is equal to the average slope of the force versus position function. D) The work done by the force is equal to the maximum value of the force. E) The work done by the force cannot be calculated because the force is not constant.
A) The work done by the force is equal to the area under the force versus position function.
A wave in which the particles in the medium move perpendicularly to the direction that the wave travels along the medium is called A) a transverse wave. B) a longitudinal wave. C) a sound wave. D) a seismic wave. E) a water wave.
A) a transverse wave.
A pendulum bob of mass m is attached to the ceiling by a thin wire of length L. The bob moves at constant speed, , in a horizontal circle of radius R, with the wire making a constant angle β with the vertical. The tension in the wire A) is greater than mg. B) is equal to mg. C) is less than mg. D) is less than mg if β < 45˚. E) is less than mg if β > 45˚.
A) is greater than mg.
A cylinder is rolling without slipping up an inclined plane and slowing down. The Vcom is the linear velocity of the center of mass of the cylinder. The friction at the contact point P is A) static and points up the inclined plane. B) static and points down the inclined plane. C) kinetic and points up the inclined plane. D) kinetic and points down the inclined plane. E) zero because it is rolling without slipping.
A) static and points up the inclined plane.
In simple harmonic motion, the speed is zero at that point in the cycle when A) the magnitude of the acceleration is a maximum. B) the displacement is zero C) the magnitude of the acceleration is zero. D) the potential energy is zero. E) the kinetic energy is a maximum.
A) the magnitude of the acceleration is a maximum.
A ball on the end of a string is rotating with constant speed in a horizontal plane. When the ball is moving North it is located to the East of the pivot point. At that time the angular velocity of the ball points in what direction? A) up B) down C) East D) West E) North
A) up
Which of the following wave functions describe(s) a wave that moves in the negative x-direction? A) 𝑦(𝑥,𝑡) = 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑘𝑥 + 𝜔𝑡). B) 𝑦(𝑥,𝑡) = 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑘𝑥 − 𝜔𝑡). C) 𝑦(𝑥,𝑡) = 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑘𝑥 − 𝜔𝑡). D) both B and C. E) all of A, B, and C.
A) 𝑦(𝑥,𝑡) = 𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑘𝑥 + 𝜔𝑡).
Which one of the following statements is true? A)If the dot product of two nonzero vectors is zero, the vectors must be perpendicular to each other. B)If two nonzero vectors point in the same direction, their dot product must be zero. C)The value of the dot product of two vectors depends on the particular coordinate system being used. D)If two vectors are perpendicular to each other, their cross product must be zero. E) If two vectors point in opposite directions, their dot product must be zero.
A)If the dot product of two nonzero vectors is zero, the vectors must be perpendicular to each other.
Two stationary tuning forks (350 Hz and 352 Hz) are struck simultaneously. The resulting sound is observed to: A. Beat with a frequency of 2 beats/s. B. Beat with a frequency of 351 beats/s. C. Be loud but not beat. D. Be Doppler shifted by 2 Hz. E. Have a frequency of 702 Hz.
A. Beat with a frequency of 2 beats/s.
When a man on a frictionless rotating stool extends his arms horizontally, his rotational kinetic energy: A. Must decrease. B. Must increase. C. Must remain the same. D. May increase or decrease depending on his initial angular velocity
A. Must decrease.
You perform the calculation: 32.5 × 0.019 on your calculator and its output is 0.6175. What is the answer with correct significant figures? A) 0.6175 B) 0.62 C) 0.618 D) 0.6 E) 1
B) 0.62
What is the difference between 103.5 and 102.24 written with the correct number of significant figures? A) 1 B) 1.3 C) 1.26 D) 1.260 E) 1.2600
B) 1.3
A wave pulse is traveling to the right in a string and the end of the rope is free to move. What will happen when the pulsearrives at the end of the string? A) A reflected pulse will be inverted and travel to the left. B) A reflected pulse will not be inverted and travel to the left. C) A reflected pulse will alternates between positive and negative and travel to the left. D) The support will absorb the wave pulse and nothing will reflect. E) None of above.
B) A reflected pulse will not be inverted and travel to the left.
You are riding your bicycle due east. You slow down your bicycle. What are the directions of angular velocity and angular acceleration of bicycle wheels during slowing down? A) Both angular velocity and angular acceleration point NORTH. B) Angular velocity points NORTH and angular acceleration points SOUTH. C) Angular velocity points EAST and angular acceleration points WEST. D) Both angular velocity and angular acceleration point SOUTH. E) None of the above.
B) Angular velocity points NORTH and angular acceleration points SOUTH.
Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Displacement is a scalar and distance is a vector. B) Displacement is a vector and distance is a scalar. C) Both displacement and distance are vectors. D) Neither displacement nor distance is a vector. E) Displacement and distance are always equal.
B) Displacement is a vector and distance is a scalar.
An object on the end of a spring is oscillating in simple harmonic motion. If the amplitude of oscillation is doubled, how does this affect the oscillation period T and the object's maximum speed vmax? A) T and vmax both double. B) T remains the same and vmax doubles. C) T and vmax both remain the same. D) T doubles and vmax remains the same. E) T remains the same and vmax increases by a factor of √2.
B) T remains the same and vmax doubles.
An object is moving forward with a constant velocity. Which statement about this object MUST be true? A) No forces are acting on the object. B) The net force on the object is zero. C) The net force on the object is in the forward direction. D) The net force on the object is in the backward direction. E) The acceleration of the object is in the forward direction.
B) The net force on the object is zero.
When a rigid body rotates about a fixed axis, all the points in the body have the same A) tangential speed. B) angular displacement. C) tangential acceleration. D) linear displacement. E) centripetal acceleration
B) angular displacement.
When a rigid body rotates about a fixed axis, all the points in the body have the same A) tangential speed. B) angular displacement. C) tangential acceleration. D) linear displacement. E) centripetal acceleration.
B) angular displacement.
An elevator is being lifted at a constant speed by a steel cable attached to an electric motor. There is no air resistance, nor is there any friction between the elevator and the walls of the elevator shaft. The upward force (tension) exerted on the elevator by the cable is A) greater than the downward force of gravity acting on the elevator. B) equal to the force of gravity acting on the elevator. C) less than the force of gravity acting on the elevator. D) any of the above, depending on the speed of the elevator. E) any of the above, depending on the acceleration of the elevator.
B) equal to the force of gravity acting on the elevator.
For general projectile motion, when the projectile is at the highest point of its trajectory, A) its acceleration is zero. B) its velocity is perpendicular to the acceleration. C) its velocity and acceleration are both zero. D) the horizontal component of its velocity is zero. E) the horizontal and vertical components of its velocity are zero.
B) its velocity is perpendicular to the acceleration.
In simple harmonic motion, the speed is zero at that point in the cycle when A) the acceleration is zero. B) the displacement is a maximum. C) the force is zero. D) the potential energy is a minimum. E) the kinetic energy is a maximum
B) the displacement is a maximum.
Two objects, one of mass m and the other of mass 2m, are released from rest from the top of a building. Assume that there's no appreciable air resistance as they fall. When they hit the ground A) both of them will have the same kinetic energy. B) the heavier one will have twice the kinetic energy of the lighter one. C) the heavier one will have four times the kinetic energy of the lighter one. D) the heavier one will have √ times the kinetic energy of the lighter one. E) the lighter one will have √ times the kinetic energy of the heavier one.
B) the heavier one will have twice the kinetic energy of the lighter one.
A 20 ton truck collides with a 1500 kg car and causes a lot of damage to the car. During the collision: A) the magnitude of the force on the truck due to the collision is slightly greater than that of the force on the car. B) the magnitude of the force of on the truck due to the collision is exactly equal to that of the force on the car. C) the magnitude of the force on the car due to the collision is much greater than that of the force on the truck. D) the car and the truck have the same magnitude acceleration. E) the direction of the force of on the truck due to the collision is exactly same as the direction of the force on the car.
B) the magnitude of the force of on the truck due to the collision is exactly equal to that of the force on the car.
The change in an object's momentum during a certain time interval is equal to A) the change in the speed of the object times the mass of the object. B) the net force exerted on the object times the duration of the time interval. C) the net force exerted on the object times the distance the object travels in that time. D) the change in the object's kinetic energy. E) work done by a friction force.
B) the net force exerted on the object times the duration of the time interval.
Two objects with different masses collide with and stick to each other. Compared to before the collision, the system of two objects after the collision has A) the same amount of total momentum and the same total kinetic energy. B) the same amount of total momentum but less total kinetic energy. C) less total momentum but the same amount of total kinetic energy. D) less total momentum and less total kinetic energy. E) Not enough information is given to decide.
B) the same amount of total momentum but less total kinetic energy.
The center of mass of a system of particles has a constant velocity if: A. The forces exerted by the particles on each other sum to zero. B. The external forces acting on particles of the system sum to zero. C. The velocity of the center is initially zero. D. The particles are distributed symmetrically around the center of mass. E. The center of mass is at the geometric center of the system.
B. The external forces acting on particles of the system sum to zero.
Two cylinders of the same size but different masses roll down an incline, starting from rest at the same height. Cylinder A has a greater mass. Which reaches the bottom first? A) Cylinder A. B) Cylinder B. C) Both at the same time. D) Cannot be determined unless we know the angular accelerations of both cylinders. E) Cannot be determined unless we know the angular velocities of both cylinders.
C) Both at the same time.
Consider a uniform hoop of radius R and mass M rolling without slipping. The rotational inertial of the hoop is I=MR^2. Which one of the following statements concerning the translational and rotational kinetic energies of the hoop is true? A) Its translational kinetic energy is larger than its rotational kinetic energy. B) Its rotational kinetic energy is larger than its translational kinetic energy. C) Both forms of energy are equal. D) The sum of the translational and rotational kinetic energies equals zero joules. E) You need to know the speed of the hoop to tell.
C) Both forms of energy are equal.
In a collision between two objects having unequal masses, how does magnitude of the impulse imparted to the lighter object by the heavier one compare with the magnitude of the impulse imparted to the heavier object by the lighter one? A) The lighter object receives a larger impulse. B) The heavier object receives a larger impulse. C) Both objects receive the same impulse. D) The answer depends on the ratio of the masses. E) The answer depends on the ratio of the speeds.
C) Both objects receive the same impulse.
In a collision between two objects having unequal masses, how does the magnitude of the impulse imparted to the lighter object by the heavier one compare with the magnitude of the impulse imparted to the heavier object by the lighter one? A) The lighter object receives a larger impulse. B) The heavier object receives a larger impulse. C) Both objects receive the same impulse. D) The answer depends on the ratio of the masses. E) The answer depends on the ratio of the speeds.
C) Both objects receive the same impulse.
An object moves in a circle of radius R at constant speed with a period T. If you want to change only the period in order to increase the object's acceleration twice, the new period should be A) T/4 B) T/2 C) T/√2 D) √2 T E) 4T
C) T/√2
A horse is pulling a wagon. Which statement is correct? A) The force that the horse exerts on the wagon is greater than the force that the wagon exerts on the horse. B) The force that the horse exerts on the wagon is less than the force that the wagon exerts on the horse. C) The force that the horse exerts on the wagon is just as strong as the force that the wagon exerts on the horse. D) The answer depends on the velocity of the horse and wagon. E) The answer depends on the acceleration of the horse and wagon.
C) The force that the horse exerts on the wagon is just as strong as the force that the wagon exerts on the horse.
Allison pulls her little brother, Brody, in a sled on a snow-covered path at a constant speed. Which of the following is an action-reaction pair (from Newton's third law)? A) The pulling force that Allison exerts on the sled and the force of friction exerted on the sled by the snow. B) The force of gravity exerted on Brody and the normal force exerted on him by the sled. C) The pulling force that Allison exerts on the sled and the pulling force that the sled exerts on Allison. D) The force of static friction exerted on Brody by the sled and the force of kinetic friction exerted on the sled by the snow. E) The pulling force that Allison exerts on the sled and the force of static friction exerted on Brody by the sled.
C) The pulling force that Allison exerts on the sled and the pulling force that the sled exerts on Allison.
You drop a ball from rest and simultaneously shoot a second, identical ball horizontally from the same height as the first ball. If there is no air resistance, which ball hits the ground first? A) The dropped ball hits first. B) The ball shot horizontally hits first. C) They both hit at the same time. D) Answer depends on the speed with which the second ball is shot. E) Answer depends on the speed with which the second ball is shot and the masses of the balls.
C) They both hit at the same time.
Consider a wave of the form, y(x,t) = 1.0sin(10x)cos(2.0t), where t is the time. A) This wave is traveling in the +x direction. B) This wave is traveling in the -x direction. C) This wave is oscillating but not traveling. D) This wave is traveling but not oscillating.
C) This wave is oscillating but not traveling.
The mass of the Moon is 1/81 of the mass of the Earth. Compared to the gravitational force that the earth exerts on the Moon, the gravitational force that the Moon exerts on the Earth is A) 812 times greater. B) 81 times greater. C) equally strong. D) 1/81 as great. E) (1/81)2 as great.
C) equally strong.
You toss a ball straight upward, in the positive direction. The ball moves under the influence of gravity without air resistance. At the highest point in the ball's motion, A) its velocity is zero and its acceleration is zero. B) its velocity is zero and its acceleration is positive (upward). C) its velocity is zero and its acceleration is negative (downward). D) its velocity is positive (upward) and its acceleration is zero. E) its velocity is negative (downward) and its acceleration is zero.
C) its velocity is zero and its acceleration is negative (downward).
What are the units of the standard deviation of measured acceleration values? A) No units B) m/s C) m/s^2 D) N E) kg
C) m/s^2
A solid sphere rolls down an inclined surface without slipping. Which of the following forces exerts a torque on the sphere about its center? A) the weight of the sphere B) the normal force exerted by the inclined surface C) the friction force exerted by the inclined surface D) more than one of the above E) none of above
C) the friction force exerted by the inclined surface
If a quantity X is conserved for a certain system and during a certain process, that means A) any change in the quantity X for that system during that process is offset by an equal but opposite change for the quantity X of the surroundings. B) the initial value of the quantity X equals its final value, even though the quantity X changes during that process. C) the quantity X for that system does not change in any way during that process. D) the value of the quantity X for each part of the system must change in the same way during that process. E) the quantity X for that system changes during that process
C) the quantity X for that system does not change in any way during that process.
You drive a race car around a circular track of radius R at a constant speed of . If you then drive the same car around a different circular track of radius 2R at a constant speed of 2 , your acceleration will be A) eight times greater B) four times greater C) twice as great D) the same E) half as great
C) twice as great
Let F1 be the magnitude of the gravitational force exerted on the Sun by Earth and F2 be the magnitude of the force exerted on Earth by the Sun. Then: A. F1 is much greater than F2 . B. F1 is slightly greater than F2 . C. F1 is equal to F2 . D. F1 is slightly less than F2 . E. F1 is much less than F2 .
C. F1 is equal to F2 .
You perform the calculation: 32.0 + 6.92 on your calculator and its output is 38.92. What is the answer with correct significant figures? A) 38.90 B) 39.0 C) 38.92 D) 38.9 E) 40.0
D) 38.9
Every object is attracted to every other object in the universe via gravity, why is it that you feel only one force of gravity on a day-to-day basis (the one from Earth)? A) Because gravity can be both attractive and repulsive, most interactions end up cancelling each other out. B) Because the Sun's enormous mass "shields" us from the effects of the other masses in the universe. C) Because the Earth is round, making its gravitational force symmetrical and therefore noticeable. D) Because the Earth is heavy enough and close enough to cause a noticeable effect. E) Because the friction force between you and the Earth cancels most interaction.
D) Because the Earth is heavy enough and close enough to cause a noticeable effect.
Which one of the following is true? A) Experimental measurements always fall between (mean value - standard deviation) and (mean value + standard deviation). B) The deviation from mean value is always positive. C) The standard deviation is always negative. D) Crude estimates of measurement uncertainties are better than none at all. E) None of the above.
D) Crude estimates of measurement uncertainties are better than none at all.
Which one of the following statement is true? A) Momentum can be positive or negative but is not a vector. B) Momentum is a vector but can only have a magnitude and not a direction. C) Momentum is a scalar, with a magnitude and direction. D) Momentum is a vector, with a magnitude and a direction. E) The direction of momentum of an object and the direction of a force acting on the object are always in the same direction.
D) Momentum is a vector, with a magnitude and a direction.
Suppose a disk is rotating counter-clockwise (viewed from above) and speeding up. What is the direction of the angular acceleration of the disk? A) To the left. B) To the right C) Into the page. D) Out of the page. E) Need more information.
D) Out of the page.
A block slides on a horizontal frictionless table and is attached to a string that passes through a hole in the table. The block moves in a circular path around the hole with an angular speed. If you pull downward on the string and reduce the radius of the block's circular path, what happens to the block's angular speed? A) The angular speed does not change. B) The angular speed first decreases and then increases. C) The angular speed first increases and then decreases. D) The angular speed increases. E) The angular speed decreases.
D) The angular speed increases.
The fan blade shown in the figure is speeding up. What are the directions of the angular velocity of the fan blade and the torque acting on the blade? A) The angular velocity is out of the page and the torque is out of the page. B) The angular velocity is out of the page and the torque is into the page. C) The angular velocity is into the page and the torque is out of the page. D) The angular velocity is into the page and the torque is into the page. E) Need more information.
D) The angular velocity is into the page and the torque is into the page.
For an object moving with periodic motion, how is the frequency, f, of the object's motion related to the period, T, of its motion? A) The frequency is equal to the period: f = T. B) The frequency is equal to the product of the amplitude, A, and the period: f = AT. C) The frequency is equal to the amplitude, A, divided by the period: f = A/T. D) The frequency is equal to the inverse of the period: f = 1/T. E) They can't be related.
D) The frequency is equal to the inverse of the period: f = 1/T.
You throw a ball upward. When the ball is moving up, what can you conclude about the gravitational force exerted on the ball? A) The gravitational force does positive work on the ball and decreases its kinetic energy. B) The gravitational force does negative work on the ball and increases its kinetic energy. C) The gravitational force does positive work on the ball and increases its kinetic energy. D) The gravitational force does negative work on the ball and decreases its kinetic energy. E) The gravitational force does no work on the ball and decreases its kinetic energy.
D) The gravitational force does negative work on the ball and decreases its kinetic energy.
A person with mass M stands on a ladder of mass m that leans against a frictionless vertical wall and makes an angle of 53° measured from the horizontal. The ladder does not slip on the horizontal surface due to a static frictional force between the ladder and the ground. For this ladder, which of the statements is true? A) The ladder is in rotational equilibrium but not translational equilibrium. B) The ladder is in translational equilibrium but not rotational equilibrium. C) The ladder is in dynamic equilibrium. D) The ladder is in static equilibrium. E) None of above.
D) The ladder is in static equilibrium.
An object rests on a ramp that is angled at 20º above the horizontal. What direction (relative to the vertical) will the normal force from the ramp point? A) The normal force will be directed 70º to the right of vertical. B) The normal force will be directed exactly upward, along the vertical. C) The normal force will be directed horizontally, 90º to the right of vertical. D) The normal force will be directed 20º to the right of vertical. E) The normal force will be directed 70º to the left of vertical.
D) The normal force will be directed 20º to the right of vertical
A string of length L is rigidly held at both fixed ends. The string is plucked—like you might strum a guitar string—and a standing wave is formed in the string. What is true about the motion of the particles located at an antinode on this standing wave? A) The particles at an antinode do not move at all. B) The particles at an antinode move with maximum amplitude parallel to the length of the string. C) The particles at an antinode move with a constant speed in the direction of the wave. D) The particles at an antinode oscillate with maximum amplitude perpendicular to the length of the string. E) The particles at an antinode move with a constant speed perpendicular to the direction of the wave.
D) The particles at an antinode oscillate with maximum amplitude perpendicular to the length of the string.
In the figure, a basketball is moving in projectile motion. What can you say about the ball's velocity at the top of its trajectory? A) The velocity at the top is equal to the y-component of the initial velocity. B) The velocity at the top is equal to the initial velocity. C) The velocity at the top is equal to zero. D) The velocity at the top is equal to the x-component of the initial velocity. E) Need more information about accelerations to say.
D) The velocity at the top is equal to the x-component of the initial velocity.
Which of the following is an important difference between an object's mass and its weight? A) Mass is a type of force, weight is not. B) The direction of an object's mass can vary, but the object's weight always points downward. C) Weight is a direct measure of how much inertia an object has. Mass is not related to inertia. D) Weight is determined by the environment of an object, while mass is a fixed property of the object. E) Both mass and weight are forces.
D) Weight is determined by the environment of an object, while mass is a fixed property of the object.
Is it possible for a system to have negative potential energy? A) Yes, as long as the kinetic energy is negative. B) Yes, as long as the total energy is positive. C) Yes, because the kinetic energy of a system must equal its potential energy D) Yes, since the choice of the zero of potential energy is arbitrary. E) No, because this would have no physical meaning.
D) Yes, since the choice of the zero of potential energy is arbitrary.
If a cyclist is going around a curve at constant speed, is the cyclist accelerating? If so, what is the direction of her acceleration? A) No, the cyclist is not accelerating. B) Yes, the cyclist is accelerating in the direction of her motion. C) Yes, the cyclist is accelerating in the opposite direction of her motion. D) Yes, the cyclist is accelerating toward the inside of the curve. E) Yes, the cyclist is accelerating toward the outside of the curve.
D) Yes, the cyclist is accelerating toward the inside of the curve.
The angular momentum of a system is conserved during a certain process only if A) the angular momentum of each object in the system stays the same during that process. B) no internal torques between objects in the system are exerted at all during that process. C) no internal forces between objects in the system are exerted at all during that process. D) no net external torque is exerted on the system during that process. E) The rotational inertia of each object in the system stays the same during the process.
D) no net external torque is exerted on the system during that process.
A projectile is launched at a 30° angle above the horizontal. Ignore air resistance. The projectile's acceleration is greatest A) at a point between the launch point and the high point of the trajectory. B) at the high point of the trajectory. C) at a point between the high point of the trajectory and where it hits the ground. D) the acceleration is the same (but nonzero) at all points along the trajectory. E) the acceleration is zero at all points along the trajectory.
D) the acceleration is the same (but nonzero) at all points along the trajectory.
The momentum of an object is defined as A) the object's weight times its speed. B) the object's weight times its velocity. C) the object's mass times its speed. D) the object's mass times its velocity. E) the net force exerted on the object times the duration of the time interval.
D) the object's mass times its velocity.
Shock waves occur when A) the frequency of the waves is the resonant frequency of the system. B) the amplitude of waves exceeds the critical shock value. C) two waves from different sources collide with each other. D) the wave source is traveling at a speed greater than the wave speed. E) the period of the waves matches the lifetime of the waves.
D) the wave source is traveling at a speed greater than the wave speed.
A car is moving due South. What is the direction of the torque on the wheels while it slows down? A. North B. South C. East D. West E. Up F. Down
D. West
Two identical balls are thrown directly upward, ball A at speed v and ball B at speed 2v, and they feel no air resistance. Which statement about these balls is correct? A) The balls will reach the same height because they have the same mass and the same acceleration. B) At its highest point, ball B will have twice as much gravitational potential energy as ball A because it started out moving twice as fast. C) At their highest point, the acceleration of each ball is instantaneously equal to zero because they stop for an instant. D) Ball B will go twice as high as ball A because it had twice the initial speed. E) Ball B will go four times as high as ball A because it had four times the initial kinetic energy.
E) Ball B will go four times as high as ball A because it had four times the initial kinetic energy.
You are on the surface of the moon. Which statements about it are correct? A) The gravitational force on you is independent of your mass. B) The gravitational force on you is independent of the mass of the moon. C) The moon exerts a much greater gravitational force on you than you exert on the moon. D) You exert a greater gravitational force on the moon than the moon exerts on you. E) The magnitude of the gravitational force on you due to the moon is exactly the same as the magnitude of the gravitational force on the moon due to you.
E) The magnitude of the gravitational force on you due to the moon is exactly the same as the magnitude of the gravitational force on the moon due to you.
Consider a car speeding up as it drives along a level road. Which of the following is a Newton's third law pair? A) The force of friction exerted on the car by the road and the draft force exerted on the car by the air. B) The force of friction exerted on the car by the road and the normal force exerted on the car by the road. C) The force of gravity exerted on the car by the Earth and the force of the drag exerted on the car by the air. D) The force of gravity exerted on the car by the Earth and the normal force exerted on the car by the road. E) The normal force exerted on the car by the road and the normal force exerted on the road by the car.
E) The normal force exerted on the car by the road and the normal force exerted on the road by the car.
When an object travels in a circular path at constant speed, which one of the following statements is wrong? A) The direction of the object's acceleration is directed toward the center of the circular path. B) The object's velocity and acceleration are perpendicular. C) The object's velocity is changing. D) The object's acceleration is changing. E) The object's acceleration is zero.
E) The object's acceleration is zero.
You throw a stone from a bridge. Consider the following ways you might throw the stone. The speed of the stone as it leaves your hand is the same in each case, and air resistance is negligible. Case A: Thrown straight up. Case B: Thrown straight down. Case C: Thrown out at an angle of 45° above horizontal. Case D: Thrown straight out horizontally. In which case will the speed of the stone be greatest just before it hits the water below? A) Case A B) Case B C) Case C D) Case D E) The speed will be the same in all cases.
E) The speed will be the same in all cases.
A ball is tossed vertically upward. When it reaches its highest point, which one of the following statements is true? A) The velocity is zero, the acceleration is zero, and the force of gravity on the ball is directed downward. B) The velocity is zero, the acceleration is zero, and the force of gravity on the ball is zero. C) The velocity, acceleration, and force of gravity all reverse direction. D) The velocity and acceleration reverse direction, but the force of gravity remains downward. E) The velocity is zero, the acceleration is directed downward, and the force of gravity on the ball is directed downward.
E) The velocity is zero, the acceleration is directed downward, and the force of gravity on the ball is directed downward.
Two pure tones are sounded together and a particular beat frequency is heard. What happens to the beat frequency if the frequency of one of the tones is increased? A) It increases. B) It decreases. C) It does not change. D) It becomes zero. E) We cannot tell from the information given, since we don't know which frequency is increased.
E) We cannot tell from the information given, since we don't know which frequency is increased.
A wave in which the particles in the medium move back and forth parallel to the direction that the wave travels along the medium is called A) a transvers wave. B) a light wave. C) a electromagnetic wave. D) a wave in a string. E) a longitudinal wave.
E) a longitudinal wave.
A shell explodes into two fragments, one fragment 25 times heavier than the other. If any gas from the explosion has negligible mass, then A) the momentum change of the lighter fragment is 25 times as great as the momentum change of the heavier fragment. B) the momentum change of the heavier fragment is 25 times as great as the momentum change of the lighter fragment. C) the momentum change of the lighter fragment is exactly the same as the momentum change of the heavier fragment. D) the kinetic energy change of the heavier fragment is 25 times as great as the kinetic energy change of the lighter fragment. E) the kinetic energy change of the lighter fragment is 25 times as great as the kinetic energy change of the heavier fragment.
E) the kinetic energy change of the lighter fragment is 25 times as great as the kinetic energy change of the heavier fragment.
A sled moves on level, frictionless ice. It is attached by a rope to a vertical post set in the ice. The sled moves around the post at constant speed in a circle of radius R. If the rope breaks, A) the sled will keep moving in a circle. B) the sled will move on a curved path, but not a circle. C) the sled will follow a curved path for a while, then move in a straight line. D) the sled will move in a straight line for a while, then follow a curved path for a while. E) the sled will move in a straight line.
E) the sled will move in a straight line.
A stalled car is being pushed up a hill at constant velocity by three people. The net force on the car is A) up the hill and equal to the weight of the car. B) down the hill and equal to the weight of the car. C) up the hill and greater than the weight of the car. D) down the hill and greater than the weight of the car. E) zero.
E) zero.
