Physics 1137 Self Test

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What is an "ideal" gas

An ideal gas is a gas that precisely follows the ideal gas equation

What is Brownian motion?

Brownian motion is the random motion of a particle in a fluid

The ... is the metric unit for temperature

Celsius degree

Define conduction

Conduction is the transfer of heat by direct contact

Define convection

Convection is the transfer of heat by currents

What is diffusion?

Diffusion is the gradual mixing of molecules of two or more gases

Write the first law of thermodynamics

Energy can neither be created nor destroyed

What is entropy?

Entropy is the measure of how evenly heat is distributed in the universe

State the three main assumptions of the kinetic theory of gases

Gas molecules are widely separated Gas molecules move rapidly and freely in all directions Gas molecules frequently collide with one another and with the walls of their container

What law of physics did Mr. Fahrenheit discover while using his thermometer?

He discovered that each liquid has its own fixed freezing and boiling temperatures

Write the second law of thermodynamics

Heat always travels of its own accord from a region of high temperature to a region of low temperature

What is heat capacity?

Heat capacity is the amount of heat needed to raise a substance's temperature one degree Celsius

What is heat?

Heat is the total kinetic energy of all the molecules of an object

How does a bimetallic strip help to heat and cool a home?

It bends with temperature changes, and thus opens and closes a circuit in a thermostat

Why is the second law of thermodynamics a powerful argument for Creation?

It says that all spontaneous change tends toward disorder, showing that life had to begin with a high degree of order

The ... temperature scale is based on the absolute zero temperature

Kelvin

What is latent heat of fusion?

Latent heat of fusion is the amount of heat needed to convert one gram of a solid at its normal melting temperature into a liquid at the same temperature

What is latent heat of vaporization?

Latent heat of vaporization is the amount of heat needed to change one gram of a substance at its normal boiling temperature into a gas at the same temperature

Define radiation

Radiation is the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves

How can some evaporation occur when a liquid has a temperature below its boiling point?

Some molecules of the liquid travel faster than average and possess enough kinetic energy to escape from the surface

What is specific heat?

Specific heat is the measure of the heat capacity of a substance

What is temperature?

Temperature is the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance

Contrast temperature and heat

Temperature is the average kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance; heat is the total kinetic energy of the molecules of a substance

State the law of heat exchange

The amount of heat given off by a hot substance equals the heat received by a cold substance

Give another name for the law of conservation of energy

The law of conservation of energy is also known as the first law of thermodynamics

What is thermodynamics?

Thermodynamics is the study of the movement of heat

List three ways to improve efficiency of heat engines

remove friction remove heat losses increase the temperature different between the heat source and the heat sink

List three factors that determine the total heat content of a body

specific heat temperature mass

The coefficient of linear expansion is ...

the fractional change in length of a solid for each degree Celsius change in temperature

We use a ... to measure temperature

thermometer

Under what two conditions may a gas behave differently than the "ideal" gas law predicts?

when the pressure is above a certain level when the temperature falls below a certain point

Write the third law of thermodynamics

A body cannot have zero entropy

What is a calorie?

A calorie is a metric unit of heat that will raise the temperature of one gram of water one degree Celsius

The ... is the unit of heat in the metric system

calorie

List three causes of ocean currents

convection prevailing winds spin of Earth

... solids readily transfer hear while ... solids transfer heat poorly

crystalline, amorphous

Refrigerators and air conditioners use ... and ... to produce cooler temperatures

evaporation, condesation

State the formula of the ideal gas law

k= PxV/T

Engineers must allow for ... in the construction of large bridges

linear expansion


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