physics

8000 Joules of heat are added to 1 kilogram of water when its temperature is 40 degrees Celsius. The resulting temperature of the water is ____.

42 degrees

A Joule is a common unit of force.

false

____________ is a form of energy transfer.

heat

The ideal efficiency for a heat engine operating between temperatures of 2050 K and 310 K is _____

85%

Which temperature scale labels the freezing point of water at 0 degrees?

Celsius

It is possible to wholly convert a given amount of heat energy into mechanical energy.

false

Entropy measures ______.

messiness

Systems that are left alone tend to move toward a state of _____.

more entropy

Specific heat capacity is related to the amount of internal energy ______.

needed to change the temperature of one kilogram of a substance one degree

Systems left alone tend to move to a state of greater entropy

true

A recycling plant manager needs to melt 1500 kg of scrap copper to sell to a wire manufacturer. The copper is at 15°C and its melting point is 1083°C. The copper has a specific heat of 385 J/kgK• . How much heat is required to raise the temperature of the copper to its melting point?

6.2e8J

A 2kg sample of liquid water is heated from 21 to 22 degrees Celsius. The specific heat capacity of water is 4200J/kg*C. How much heat is transferred?

8400 J

A student hypothesizes that the mass of a substance affects how the temperature of the substance changes when it is heated. The student uses the following procedure to test the hypothesis. • Each sample is initially at room temperature before heating. • Each sample is heated for the same amount of time with the same heat source. • The final temperature is measured for each sample. Which of the following would be the best way to select the samples for testing the student's hypothesis?

Obtain samples of one substance, each with a different mass

Ceramic automobile engines that can operate at higher temperatures will be ______

more efficient

The lowest possible temperature is ____.

-273 degrees Celsius

A change in temperature of 10 degrees Celsius is equal to a change of ____

10 K

80 joules of heat are added to a system that performs 55 Joules of work. The internal energy change of the system is _____.

25 J

Mix a liter of 60 degree Celsius water with 2 liters of 40 degree Celsius water and you'll have 3 liters of water at _____.

47 degrees Celsiu

A temperature scale that has 100 degrees between the boiling point and the freezing point of water is the Fahrenheit scale.

False

A heated rock is placed in a container of water that is cooler than room temperature. Which of the following statements best describes what happens?

The heated rock loses heat to the container of water until the rock, the container, and the water all reach the same final temperature.

Heat is measured in _____.

all of these

Temperature is related mostly to the _____.

average molecular kinetic energy in a substance

When mechanical work is done ON A SYSTEM, there can be an increase in its _____

both of the above

The energy content in a piece of food is normally determined by ______.

burning the food

The first law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the _____

conservation of energy

When work is done BY A SYSTEM and no heat is added to it, the temperature of the system ______.

decreases

Heat is the _____.

energy transferred between objects because of a temperature difference

If all the friction could be eliminated in a heat engine, its efficiency would be 100%

false

The total of all energies in a substance is its temperature.

false

The greater the difference in temperature between the input reservoir for a heat engine, the ______.

greater the efficiency

Some molecules are able to absorb large amounts of energy in the form of internal vibrations and rotations. Materials composed of such molecules would have ______.

high specific heat capacities

The largest extremes in temperature are usually experienced _____.

in the middle of a continent

When a volume of air is compressed and no heat enters or leaves, the air temperature will _____

increase

As a system becomes more disordered, entropy ______

increases

Suppose the temperature of the input resevoir in a heat engine doesn't change, and as the sink temperature is lowered, the efficiency of the engine ______.

increases

Heat flows when there

is a temperature difference

If the specific heat capacity of water were higher than it is, lakes would be ______.

less likely to freeze

The fact that desert sand is very hot in the day and very cold at night is evidence that sand has a ______.

low specific heat capacity

Heat naturally flows from a _________ region to a _________ region

low temperature/high temperature hot/cold

Entropy is closely related to the _____

second law of thermodynamics

Two identical blocks of iron, one at 10 degrees C and the other at 20 degrees C, are put in contact. Suppose the cooler block cools to 5 degrees C and the warm block warms to 25 degrees C. This would violate the ______.

second law of thermodynamics

Measurements inside a sealed container show that the pressure exerted by a gas increases as the thermal energy of the gas increases. Which of the following best explains this pressure increase?

the gas molecules move faster and strike the container walls more frequently.

Which is denser: Ice at 0 degrees Celsius or water at 4 degrees Celsius?

the water

Internal energy is the _____

total amount of energy contained in an object

Efficiency in a heat engine is increased when there is a greater difference in input and output temperatures

true

Heat is the energy that moves from one object to another because of a temperature difference.

true

It is possible to totally convert a given amount of mechanical energy into heat.

true

Liquids usually expand when heated

true

The amount of heat required to change the temperature of a unit mass of a substance by 1 degree is its specific heat capacity.

true

The average kinetic energy of molecules in a substance is related to temperature.

true

When work is done BY A SYSTEM on something else, the temperature of the system decreases.

true

Cool a sample of air from zero on the Celsius scale to near zero on the absolute scale and the air loses ______.

volume and pressure

Running a refrigerator with its door open in a hot room makes the room _____

warmer

Which has the higher specific heat capacity, water or sand?

water

During a very cold winter, water pipes sometimes burst. The reason for this is _____.

water expands when freezing

The reason an ocean's temperature doesn't vary much from one season to the next is that _____.

water has a high specific heat capacity