Physics- Matter & energy
What is the definition of mass?
The quantity of matter contained in an object
Whats newtons 2nd law?
the force acted on an object with acceleration is equal to the mass multiplied by the acceleration f= m x a
What is weight?
the force that an object exerts under the influence of gravity
What is a valance electron?
the outer most shell of an electron that determines the chemical combining of the element
What is the law of conservation?
Sum total of all matter and energy in the universe is constant (energy can neither be created or destroyed but can be converted from one form to another)
What are types of ionizing radiation?
alpha and beta, x-ray and gamma
What is binding energy?
amount of energy the electron needs to stay in the electron shell. The energy increases the close to the nucleus of the atoms*
What is the unit of measure for mass?
kilogram (kg)
What is the average wavelength of an x-ray?
0.01-0.05 angstrum
What is a molecule?
2 or more atoms chemically united to form a molecule
What is a complex substance?
2 or more elements that are chemically united
What is a mixture?
2 or more substances combined (oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen)
What is the maximum number of electrons in a shell?
2n*2
What is plankstons constant?
4.15 x 10 ^-15
How many periods and groups are there?
7 or 8
What is an electrons mass, charge, and shell situation?
9.109 x 10*-31, negatively charged, electrons shells k-q with numbers of 1-7
What is the AMU? Whaat is atomic mass number?
AMU is the mass of the particles of an atom= includes all mass neutron=1.00867 proton=1.00728 electron-0.000548 AMN is the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus(A)
What is the theory of relativity?
E=mc*2 energy, mass, constance(speed of light)(3 x 10*8m/s)
What is the octet rule?
Electrons may begin to appear in the next shell before the shell gains the maximum # of electrons because the # of electrons in the last shell never exceeds 8
What is newtons 1st law?
a body at rest will continue to move with a constant velocity in a straight line unless acted on by an external force(gravity)
What is a substance?
a definite and constant composition either simple or complex
What is the definition of energy?
ability to do work
What is a simple substance?
cant be broken down to anything smaller or simpler
What occurs if an atom loses or gains a proton
changes the atoms makeup
What is the relationship of photon energy and frequency?
directly proportional
What is the wave theory?
electromagnetic energy moves through space in form of waves
What is the unit of measure for an electrons binding energy?
electron volt (eV) 1 kiloevolt=1000 evolts
What is the law of conservation of energy?
energy may be transformed from one form to another but cannot be created or destroyed, the energy is constant
What is newtons 3rd law?
for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
What are the neutrons mass, charge, and what do they become?
mass is 1.675 x 10 *-27, charge is none, and an isotope meaning they have the same number of protons, and different number of neutrons because of a gain or loss=
What is particle theory?
high-frequency electromagnetic radiation interacts with matter it behaves more like a particle than a wave
What is the relationship of wavelength and frequency?
inversely proportional
What occurs if an atom loses or gains an electron?
ionization
What occurs if an atom loses or gains a neutron?
isotope
How does binding energy change is it gets further from the nucleus?
it decreases further away
How does the binding energy change as the number of protons increases?
it increases as the protons increase
What is the structure of matter?
mixture- substance- element/compound- atom/molecule
What are the protons, what is their mass, what kind of charge to they have and where are they located?
nucleus, mass of 1.673 x 10*-27, have a positive charge, protons are the atomic number
What are the 3 types of atoms?
protons, neutrons, electrons
How many protons and electrons are in a neutron?
same # as protons and electrons
What is an electrically neutral atom?
same # of electrons and protons
What is energy?
the ability to do work
What is mechanical energy? Potential? Kinetic? Chemical? Heat? Electrical? Nuclear? Electromagnetic
the result of the action of a machine or physical movement ball on top of a hill movement energy released for chemical reaction motion of atoms and molecules movement of electrons nucleus of atom holding nuclear particle tight energy disturbances through space
What is an atom?
the smallest part of an element that still has all the chemical properties of that element
What is the definition of matter?
the substance that comprises all physical objects, it has a shape, form, and occupies space
Formula for velocity?
velocity= force x work
What is the formula for energy?
work= force x distance joule=newton x matter