Physics Unit 4

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Periodic Wave

A regular succession of pulses or identical disturbances

Standing Wave

The pattern produced by reflecting a wave back on itself

Wave

A disturbance in a medium that transfers energy without transferring matter

Condensation

A region of compression (high pressure, or density) in a longitudinal wave

Rarefaction

A region of spread (low pressure, or density) in a longitudinal wave

Beats

A series of alternating reinforcements and cancellations produced by the interference of the waves of different frequencies

Torsional Wave

A wave in which the pulse oscillates around the equilibrium position in a rotational motion

Transverse Wave

A wave in which the pulse oscillates perpendicular to the direction of the wavepath

Longitudinal Wave

A wave in which the pulses oscillate parallel to the direction of the wave path

Nonrecurrent Wave

A wave of short duration; a non repetitive pulse

Pulse

Any regular, measured beat; specifically, a nonrecurrent or nonrepetitive wave

Antinode

In a wave pattern, the region of maximum wave motion

Node

In a wave pattern, the region of no motion

Doppler Effect

The apparent change in frequency perceived when the source and observer are approaching or receding from each other

Refraction

The bending of a wave as it passes from one medium into another, or as it passes through a non-uniform medium

Diffraction

The bending of a wave in a homogeneous medium around obstacles or through a narrow opening

Reflection

The bouncing of a wave off a boundary

Shock Wave

The cone-shaped wave made by a particle moving faster than the speed of a wave in that medium

Wavelength

The distance between identical parts of a wave

Total Internal Reflection

The effect produced when a wave incident at or above the critical angle in a low-velocity medium cannot be refracted into a high-velocity medium

Destructive Interference

The effect produced when the crest of one wave and trough of another wave coincide, yielding decreased amplitude

Constructive Interference

The effect produced where the crests or the troughs of two waves cross, yielding increased amplitude

Crest

The highest part of a wave

Amplitude

The maximum displacement from an equilibrium position

Critical Angle

The minimum angle of incidence that produces total internal reflection

Frequency

The number of waves (vibrations, revolutions, or cycles) that pass a given point per unit time

Velocity

The rate at which displacement is covered in a given period of time; ∆d/∆t

Interference

The superposition of two periodic waves producing regions of constructive and destructive interference

Period

The time required for a complete wave to pass a given point; reciprocal of frequency

Resonance

The vibration of an object as its natural frequency caused by a force or wave of the same frequency or multiple therof

Reflected Wave

The wave that bounces off a boundary into the same medium

Refracted Wave

The wave that is bent as it passes into a different medium

Incident Wave

The wave that strikes a boundary; the original wave

Transmitted Wave

The wave that travels from one medium to another

Superposition

The way in which two waves combine

Trough

the lowest part of a wave


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