Physio Ch. 3
60) Cells that store fat are called A) fibroblasts. B) liposomes. C) adipocytes. D) mast cells. E) melanocytes.
C.
1) When cancer develops in one tissue and spreads to another via the blood or the lymph, the cancer is said to have undergone what process? A) differentiation B) metastasis C) cytokinesis D) mutation
B.
2) The space that is surrounded by the tissue wall of hollow organs is known as A) the peritoneal cavity. B) the lumen. C) the extracellular space. D) the epidural space. E) the tract.
B.
17) Ribosomal RNA is formed by A) the endoplasmic reticulum. B) Golgi complexes. C) lysosomes. D) mitochondria. E) nucleoli.
E.
58) Which type of tissue below has minimal extracellular matrix? A) epithelial only B) connective only C) neural only D) muscle only E) epithelial, neural, and muscle
E.
15) Each of the following is an example of a nonmembranous organelle except one. Identify the exception. A) lysosome B) cilia C) centriole D) ribosome E) cytoskeleton
A.
16) The thickest protein fibers from the following group are A) microtubules. B) neurofilaments. C) microfilaments. D) myosin molecules. E) keratin filaments.
A.
28) Which of the following consists of a network of intracellular membranes with attached ribosomes? A) rough endoplasmic reticulum B) smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) mitochondria D) nucleoli E) Golgi apparatus
A.
33) Peroxisomes A) use an enzyme to destroy H2O2 that is toxic to the cell. B) are a type of lysosome. C) are responsible for the atrophy of unused muscles. D) are sites for synthesis of fatty acids, steroids, and phospholipids. E) All of the answers accurately describe peroxisomes.
A.
34) The number of mitochondria in skeletal muscle cells is ________ adipose (fat) cells. A) greater than B) less than C) equal to
A.
41) Arrange the following events in protein secretion in the proper sequence. 1. The polypeptide chain enters the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum. 2. A secretory vesicle is formed. 3. A transport vesicle is formed. 4. The polypeptide chain enters the lumen of the Golgi complex. A) 1, 2, 3, 4 B) 1, 3, 2, 4 C) 1, 3, 4, 2 D) 4, 3, 1, 2 E) 3, 1, 4, 2
A.
5) Which of the following terms is NOT used to define the structure that separates the contents of a human cell from its surrounding medium? A) a cell wall B) a cell membrane C) plasma membrane D) plasmalemma E) All of the answers are correct.
A.
84) Cells are transformed into specialized units during ________.
Answer: differentiation
23) Centrioles A) function as pipelines to move fluid through the cell. B) direct the movement of DNA during cell division. C) hold the cell's ribosomes in place. D) are white blood cells out of vessels. E) provide shape and stability to a cell.
B.
25) Which does NOT accurately complete the sentence? One of the major functions of both types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the A) synthesis of biomolecules. B) storage of genetic material for the cell. C) transport of biomolecules. D) storage of biomolecules.
B.
36) The beta cells of the pancreas produce insulin, a protein-based hormone. Which of the following organelles would be found in higher levels in the beta cells? A) mitochondria B) ribosomes C) microvilli D) lysosomes
B.
42) Movement of material between cells is known as the ________ pathway. A) transcellular B) paracellular C) metacellular D) transendothelial E) cisendothelial
B.
57) The simple squamous epithelial lining of blood vessels is called A) basolateral epithelium. B) endothelium. C) luteal cells. D) the vasa recta. E) None of the answers are correct.
B.
63) The term meaning programmed cell death is A) necrosis. B) apoptosis. C) oncogenesis. D) diuresis. E) cytocide.
B.
106) A flagellum moves a cell through a fluid medium. What moves the fluid medium across the surface of cells that are not free to move? A) centrioles B) thick filaments C) cilia D) ribosomes E) endoplasmic reticulum
C.
12) An immunoliposome is a liposome that A) suppresses the immune system. B) stimulates the immune system. C) can recognize cancer cells. D) None of the answers are correct.
C.
20) Tay-Sachs is a disease caused by having ineffective A) mitochondria. B) Golgi bodies. C) lysosomes. D) rough endoplasmic reticulum. E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
C.
27) Which of the following is NOT a molecule synthesized in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)? A) fatty acids B) steroids C) proteins D) lipids E) All are synthesized in the SER.
C.
31) If a cell lacked lysosomes, it would not be able to A) synthesize lipids. B) produce enzymes. C) digest cellular wastes and bacteria. D) destroy H2O2. E) transport water-soluble molecules.
C.
32) Which substance is responsible for activating the digestive enzymes inside lysosomes? A) air B) water C) acid D) enzymes E) base
C.
4) The watery medium that surrounds a cell is known as A) cytosol. B) protoplasm. C) extracellular fluid. D) cytoplasm. E) plasma.
C.
48) Each of the following is a primary tissue type except one. Identify the exception. A) muscle tissue B) neural tissue C) osseous tissue D) connective tissue E) epithelial tissue
C.
10) Which cellular organelle is a lipid bilayer that controls which objects can leave or enter the cell? A) endoplasmic reticulum B) Golgi apparatus C) nucleus D) plasma membrane E) ribosome
D.
105) Which of the following cytoskeleton components are responsible for the movement of chromosomes during cell division? A) microfilaments B) intermediate filaments C) thick filaments D) microtubules E) All of the answers are correct.
D.
18) Each of the following statements concerning mitochondria is TRUE except one. Identify the exception. A) The mitochondrial cristae increase the inner surface area of the organelle. B) The matrix of the mitochondria contains metabolic enzymes involved in energy production. C) Respiratory enzymes are attached to the surface of the cristae. D) The mitochondria contain no DNA or RNA. E) The mitochondria produce most of a cell's ATP.
D.
21) Microvilli are found A) mostly in muscle cells. B) on the inside of cell membranes. C) in large numbers on cells that secrete hormones. D) in cells that are actively engaged in absorption. E) only on cells lining the reproductive tract.
D.
26) All of the following are synthesized along various sites of the endoplasmic reticulum except one. Identify the exception. A) proteins B) fatty acids C) steroids D) RNA E) phospholipids
D.
43) All but one of the structures listed below are a type of cell junction. Identify the exception. A) desmosomes B) tight junctions C) gap junctions D) loose junctions E) adherens junctions
D.
44) The esophagus is a tube that carries food from the mouth to the stomach. It does not secrete any enzymes or absorb any nutrients, but it does need to stand up to significant friction and stress. The type of epithelium most likely lining the esophagus would be: A) cuboidal epithelium. B) simple squamous epithelium. C) simple columnar epithelium. D) stratified squamous epithelium. E) transitional epithelium.
D.
45) The type of protein found in gap junctions is the A) claudin. B) occludin. C) cadherin. D) connexin. E) integrin.
D.
49) Functions of epithelia include all of the following EXCEPT A) providing physical protection. B) controlling permeability. C) producing specialized secretions. D) storing energy reserves. E) movement.
D.
11) A liposome is A) only an additive to creams and lotions. B) only a drug-delivery vehicle. C) only a type of lipid. D) only a structural component of cell membranes. E) an additive to creams and lotions and a drug-delivery vehicle.
E.
13) Intermediate filaments A) provide the cell with strength. B) stabilize the position of organelles. C) transport materials within the cytoplasm. D) form the neurofilaments in nerve cells. E) All of the answers are correct.
E.
14) The cellular organelle(s) responsible for packaging and transporting proteins is/are the A) microtubules. B) mitochondria. C) rough endoplasmic reticulum. D) ribosomes. E) Golgi complex.
E.
22) Microtubules A) are composed of tubulin. B) are hollow, filamentous structures. C) form cilia that aid in cell movement. D) are the largest cytoplasmic fibers. E) All of the answers are correct.
E.
37) If the adrenal cortex produces lipid based hormones such as aldosterone, which organelle would be higher in cells of the adrenal cortex than in the adrenal medulla? A) Golgi apparatus B) mitochondria C) ribosome D) rough endoplasmic reticulum E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
E.
6) Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins? A) bind to ligands B) regulate the passage of ions C) act as transport molecules for various solutes D) anchor or stabilize the cell membrane E) produce energy
E.
8) What is/are the major role(s) of the phospholipid bilayer? A) the absorption of fats only B) the formation of a barrier that is selectively permeable to lipid-soluble molecules only C) to provide a framework for membrane proteins only D) to carry water-soluble molecules through a hydrophobic environment only E) the formation of a barrier that is selectively permeable to lipid-soluble molecules and to provide a framework for membrane proteins
E.