Physio Exam 1

cell products that are secreted are processed and packaged into vesicles by the?

Golgi complex

functions of epithelial tissue?

-forms of membranes that protect organs from friction. -forms glands the secrete substances. -moves materials over surfaces by ciliary action.

translation is terminated when a stop codon is presented at the?

A site

what is a potential consequence of a deficiency of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in a particular cell?

a decrease in both steroid hormone production and calcium ion storage

the study of which of the following helps us to understand normal human physiology?

anatomy, pathophysiology, and comparative physiology

What is the body's normal response when carbohydrates are ingested?

blood glucose levels increase and insulin is stimulated

calcium phosphate impregnating a matrix which surrounds cells nourished by blood in canaliculi describes?

bone

the function of sucrase is to

break sucrose into glucose and fructose

if a ligand binds to an FAS receptor on a plasma membrane this would result in the activation of (blank) causing (blank) in that cell

caspases; apoptosis

what correctly describes chromatin?

chromatin contains the DNA of the cell bound to histones

What is the three-base group on mRNA called?

codon

tendons

connective tissue

what is blood classified as?

connective tissuse

what is cell division of the cytoplasm called?

cytokinesis

simple squamous

epithelial tissue

which of the following hormones is involved in both positive and negative feedback loops with the hypothalamus and the anterior pituitary?

estrogen

reactions that release energy called (blank) reactions

exergonic

DNA replication occurs in mitosis?

false

an enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction in the cell, but can only be used once

false

if body temperature decreases the brain will signal skeletal muscles to perform brief repeated contractions to help generate heat. in this scenario the brain serves as the effector.

false

in a negative feedback loop, the sensor, the integrating center, and the effector are always found in different areas of the body

false

the codon of tRNA is complementary to the anticodon of mRNA?

false

the synthesis of messenger RNA is called translation?

false

which is not or does not contain a type of connective tissue?

glands

blood sugar refers to what molecule circulating in blood?

glucose

where is the intracellular compartment found?

inside cells

what areas of bases pairs in the genetic code do not code for proteins?

introns

slightly different forms of an enzyme found in different organs are called?

isoenzymes

Glucagon is an antagonist of insulin. What would be glucagon's effect on blood glucose levels?

it increases blood glucose levels

what makes a hypothesis scientific?

it is testable

which of the following hormones is released by anterior pituitary as a part of a positive feedback loop between it and the ovary prior to ovulation?

luteinizing hormone

how often can a sucrase molecule be used to hydrolyze sucrose?

many times

cardiac

muscular tissue

neuroglia

nervous tissue

where is sucrase found in the human body?

on the microvilli of the small intestine

which following hormones released by the corpus lute after ovulation creates a negative feedback effect on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary?

progesterone

correct order of the phases of mitosis?

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

translation is the synthesis of?

protein from mRNA

which type of epithelium primarily lines the respiratory passageways?

pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

the direction of reversible reactions depends on the (blank) concentrations of the reactants and products.

relative

a change from a set point is (blank) in a negative feedback loop

reversed

which organelle is responsible for protein synthesis and exocrine secretion?

rough endoplasmic reticulum

what role(s) do the pancreatic islets play in the negative feedback control of blood glucose levels?

sensor, integrating center and effector

the gastrointestinal tract is lined by which type of epithelium?

simple columnar

which of the following substance would most easily pass through the plasma membrane of the cell?

steroid hormones

how does sucrose change the configuration of sucrase?

sucrose binds to its active site on sucrase, changing the shape of sucrase enzyme

what is required before a protein can be degraded by the proteasome?

tagging with ubiquitin

which is a result of a positive feedback mechanism?

the activation of blood clotting factors

a true feedback?

the change sensed by the sensor is amplified

after ovulation progesterone is produced by?

the corpus luteum

low levels of estrogen stimulate the release of GnRH from?

the hypothalamus

what is true of the nuclear envelope?

the outer portion of the membrane is continuous with the endoplasmic reticulum

before ovulation gradually increasing amounts of estrogen are released by?

the ovaries

what occurs as the ribosome shifts down the mRNA by a distance of one codon?

the tRNA that was in the A site moves into the P site

what occurs at the ribosome shifts down the mRNA by a distance of three nucleotides?

the tRNA that was in the P site moves into the E site

false statement regarding collagen fibers?

they are intracellular proteins

Coenzymes NAD and FAD are found in vitamins niacin and riboflavin. why is it that excess amounts of these vitamins are removed from the body in the urine?

they are water-soluble vitamins and therefore not stored in the body

a negative feedback loop is a process in which the body senses a change and activates mechanisms to reverse that change

true

a positive feedback loop causes a self-amplifying cycle in which a physiological change leads to even greater change in the same direction

true

estrogen has a positive feedback effect on GnRH and LH during the first part of the ovarian cycle

true

lingual lipase is an enzyme with a pH optimum near 5. the pH optimum of an enzyme usually reflects the pH of the body in which the enzyme is found. thus, this enzyme's pH optimum is lower most enzyme in the body?

true

mitosis and cytoplasmic division result in the formation of two genetically identical cells

true

progesterone has a negative feedback effect on GnRH and LH

true