Physiological Psychology (PSY-375)

The primary symptom of Korsakoff's syndrome is? A. Severe memory loss B. Hallucinations C. Over eating D. Massive weight gain E. Falling out of bed

A. Severe memory loss Korsakoff's syndrome is a brain disorder usually associated with heavy alcohol consumption over a long period.

Polygyny is A. The pattern of mate bonding that is most prevalent in mammals, which is an arrangement in which one male forms mating bonds with more than one female. B. A mate-bonding pattern in which enduring bonds are formed between one male and one female. C. A strong affinity that develops in some species between a pair consisting of a male and female D. Both A and B E. None of the above

A. The pattern of mate bonding that is most prevalent in mammals, which is an arrangement in which one male forms mating bonds with more than one female.

Many people overestimate the degree to which the human genome project will immediately contribute to the understanding of human development because they fail to appreciate that A. The first stage o the human genome project is still decades from completion B. It is still necessary to identify the timing of the expression of each gene throughout the lifespan C. Is still necessary to determine how genes interact and are affected by experience D. Both A and C E. Both B and C

Both B and C It is still necessary to identify the timing of the expression of each gene throughout the lifespan and is still necessary to determine how genes interact and are affected by experience

The Birth of biopsychology is said to have started with the publication of "The Organization of Behavior" in 1949 by A. Sigmund Freud B. Carl Jung C. D.O. Hebb D. William James E. Alfred Adler

C. D.O. Hebb

Prefrontal Lobotomy is A. An incision into the scalp and creating a hole in the skull, known as a bone flap. The hole and incision are made near the area of the brain being treated. B. A procedure is used to remove a small amount of brain tissue or a tumor so it can be examined under a microscope. This involves a small incision and hole in the skull. C. a surgical procedure in which the connections between the prefrontal lobes and the rest of the brain are cur as a treatment for mental illness. D. A procedure were boring holes, sometimes using stone tools, through the skull. E. None of the above

C. a surgical procedure in which the connections between the prefrontal lobes and the rest of the brain are cur as a treatment for mental illness.

The following are topics that are the focus of modern genetics research: A. Alternative splicing B. Small RNAs C. Active non-protein coding areas of DNA (pseudogenes) D. All of the above E. Both B and C

D. All of the above Alternative splicing, small RNAs, and active non-protein coding areas of DNA (pseudogenes)

Evolution A. Influences the pool of behavior influencing genes available to the members of each species B. Gradual change in structure and physiology of species toward complexity, via natural selection C. Interaction with environment and results of natural disasters allowed mammals to evolve D. All of the above E. Both A and B

D. All of the above Influences the pool of behavior influencing genes available to the members of each species, gradual change in structure and physiology of species toward complexity, via natural selection and interaction with environment and results of natural disasters allowed mammals to evolve

What are the mechanisms of neural development general point: A. Neurons become active long before they are fully developed B. The subsequent course of their development (e.g., the number of connections they form or whether or not they survive) depends greatly on their activity, much of which is triggered by external experience C. Experience continuously modifies genetic expression D. All of the above E. Both A and C

D. All of the above Neurons become active long before they are fully developed; the subsequent course of their development (e.g., the number of connections they form or whether or not they survive) depends greatly on their activity, much of which is triggered by external experience; and experience continuously modifies genetic expression.

The first prefrontal lobotomy performed on a human was? A. Performed by Lima B. Performed with a leucotome C. Based on the study of Becky D. All of the above E. Both A and C

D. All of the above Performed by Lima, performed with a leuoctome, and based on the study of Becky.

Divisions of Biopsychology are A. Psychopharmacology B. Physiological psychology C. Neuropsychology D. All of the above E. None of the above

D. All of the above Psychopharmacology, Physiological psychology, and Neuropsychology

Experimental evidence suggests that the brain damage commonly observed in people who consume a lot of alcohol is caused by A. The direct toxic effects of alcohol on the brain B. Thianmine deficiency C. Vitamin B1 deficiency D. All of the above E. None of the above

D. All of the above The direct toxic effects of alcohol on the brain, thiamine deficiency, and vitamin B1 deficiency.

The canary song-control neural circuit is remarkable because the A. Left descending motor circuit plays a greater role than the right B. High vocal center is four times larger in males than in females C. Male song-control brain structures grow each spring D. New neurons are added to the male song-control brain structures each spring E. all of the above

E. All of the above Left descending motor circuit plays a greater role than the right, high vocal center is four times larger in males than in females, male song-control brain structures grow each spring, and new neurons are added to the male song-control brain structures each spring

The vagus nerve is A. Part of the parasympathetic nervous system B. The tenth cranial nerve C. The longest cranial nerve D. Both sensory and motor E. All of the above

E. All of the above Part of the parasympathetic nervous system, the tenth cranial nerve, the longest cranial nerve and both sensory and motor

An advantage of biopsychological research on nonhunman animals as opposed to humans is that? A. The brains of nonhumans are simpler B. There are fewer ethical constraints in studying nonhumans C. Research in several species makes it possible to use the comparative approach. D. Both B and C E. All of the above

E. All of the above The brains of nonhumans are simple,There are fewer ethical constraints in studying nonhumans, and Research in several species makes it possible to use the comparative approach.

Which of the following is a major theme of the text? A. Thinking creatively about biopsychology B. Clinical Implications C. The evolutionary perspective D. Neuroplasticity E. All of the above

E. All of the above Thinking creatively about biopsychology, Clinical Implications, The evolutionary perspective, and Neuroplasticity

What are part of todays classes of vertebrates? A. Three classes of fish B. Amphibians and Mammals C. Reptiles D. Birds E. All of the above

E. All of the above Today, there are seven classes of vertebrates 3 classes of fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals.

Which of the following are chordates? A. Humans B. Vertebrates C. Florida walking catfish D. Mammals E. All of the above

E. All of the above Chrodates are animals with dorsal nerve cords (large nerves that run along the center of the back) they are 1 of 20 or so large categories, of phyla, into which zoologists group animal species.

Common participants in the conduct of cognitive neuroscientific research are A. Cognitive psychologists B. Computer experts C. Biopsychologists D. Mathematicians E. All of the above

E. All of the above Cognitive psychologists, computer experts, biopsychologists, and mathematicians.

During the course of human evolution, there has been a general increase in the A. Size of the brain B. Number of cortical convolutions C. Size of the cortex D. Size of the cerebrum E. All of the above

E. All of the above Size of the brain, number of cortical convolutions, size of the cortex, and the size of the cerebrum.

What are the different types of twins? A. Identical B. Monozygotic C. Fraternal D. Dizygotic E. All of the above F. Both A and C

E. All the above Identical (monozygotic) and fraternal (dizygotic)

Which species has a brain larger than the human brain? A. Whale B. Elephant C. Chimpanzee D. All of the above E. Both A and B

E. Both A and B A whale and elephant

The CSF circulates through the A. central canal B. lateral ventricles C. subarachnoid space D. all of the above E. both A and B

E. Both A and B Central canal and lateral ventricles

The sensitive period for PKU is the early period during which A. Identified sufferers are fed phenylalanine-reduced diets B. Excessive phenylalanine has substantial effects on neural development C. Phenylalanine can be converted to phenylalanine hydroxylase D. All of the above E. Both A and B

E. Both A and B Identified sufferers are fed phenylalanine-reduced diets and excessive phenylalanine has substantial effects on neural development.

The somatic nervous system A. Is part of the PNS B. Participates in sensory and motor interactions with the external environment C. Is part of the ANS D. All of the above E. Both A and B

E. Both A and B Is part of the PNS and participates in sensory and motor interactions with the external environment

Mendel A. Studied dichotomous pea-plant traits B. Began his experiments by crossing the offspring of true breeding lines C. Collaborated with Darwin D. All of the above E. Both A and B

E. Both A and B Studied dichotomous pea-plant traits and began his experiments by crossing the offspring of breeding lines

People with PKU lack the enzyme A. That converts phenylalanine to tyrosine B. Phenylpyruvic acid C. Phenylalanine hydroxylase D. Both A and B E. Both A and C

E. Both A and C That converts phenylalanine to tyrosine and phenylalanine hydroxylase

Asomatognosia is a deficiency in the awareness of parts of one's body A. Affects the left side of the body B. Result from damage to the frontal lobe C. Affects the right side of the body D. Result from damage to the right parietal lobe E. Both A and D

E. Both A and D Affects the left side of the body and is a result from damage to the right parietal lobe.

Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by A. Networks of small blood vessels that protrude into the ventricles B. The superior sagittal sinus C. The arachnoid membrane D. The choroid plexuses E. Both A and D

E. Both A and D Networks of small blood vessels that protrude into the ventricles and the choroid plexuses.

The single most influential theory in the biological sciences is the theory of _________ and________ A. D.O. Hebb B. Charles Darwin C. Evolution D. Both A and C E. Both B and C

E. Both B and C Charles Darwin and Evolution

Birds and reptiles are both A. Amphibians B. Chordates C. Vertebrates D. All of the above E. Both B and C

E. Both B and C Chordates and Vertebrates

A heritability estimate is A. An estimate of the proportion of a trait that is attributable to genetics B. An estimate of the proportion of between-subject variability occurring in a particular trait in a particular study that resulted from genetic differences among the subjects of that study C. Likely to be higher in studies with little environmental variation D. Both A and C E. Both B and C

E. Both B and C An estimate of the proportion of between-subject variability occurring in a particular trait in a particular study that resulted from genetic differences among the subjects of that study and likely to be higher in studies with little environmental variation.

Reptiles were the first animals to A. Have back bones B. Lay shell-covered eggs C. Be covered by dry scales D. Both A and B E. Both B and C

E. Both B and C Lay shell-covered eggs and be covered by dry scales

Mitochondria are A. Located in the nuclei of cells B. Located in the cytoplasm of cells C. Energy-generating structures of cells D. Both A and C E. Both B and C

E. Both B and C Located in the cytoplasm of cells and energy-generating structures of cells

Neurons of the sympathetic nervous system are part of the A. Somatic nervous system B. Basal ganglia C. ANS D. Peripheral nervous system E. Both C and D

E. Both C and D ANS and peripheral nervous system

The research of a biopsychologist working for a drug company would likely be both? A. Largely pure B. Completely pure C. Psychopharmacological D. Applied E. Both C and D

E. Both C and D Completely pure and Applied

In psychophysiology, the usual measure of brain activity is the? A. EKG B. ANS C. EEG D. Electroencephalogram E. Both C and D

E. Both C and D EEG and Electroencephalogram

The major method of cognitive neuroscience is A. Single cell recording B. The electrocardiogram C. The ethological approach D. The electrooculogram E. None of the above

E. None of the above Is the youngest division of biopsychology. Cognitive neuroscientists study the neutral bases of cognition, a term that generally refers to higher intellectual processes such as thought, memory, attention, and complex perceptual processes.

Hydrocephalus results from the A. Production of too much CSF B. Production of excessively watery CSF C. Production of water rather than CSF D. Breakdown of the mechanism that absorbs CSF into the lateral vesicles E. None of the above

E. None of the above The causes of hydrocephalus are still not well understood. Hydrocephalus may result from inherited genetic abnormalities (such as the genetic defect that causes aqueductal stenosis) or developmental disorders (such as those associated with neural tube defects including spina bifida and encephalocele).

Construction of a detailed physical map of human chromosomes A. Began in earnest in 1960 B. Was completed entirely by American scientists C. Was completed in 1990 D. Was an attempt to locate all 3 billion bases that compose human chromosomes E. None of the above

E. None of the above The Human Genome Project a collaboration of major research institutions and individuals research teams in several countries that compiled a map of the sequence of all 3 billion bases that compose human chromosomes.

In 1949, Egas Moniz was awarded the Nobel Prize for A. Demonstrating that the two cerebral hemispheres have different functions B. Writing "The Organization of Behavior" C. Research on the visual system D. Studies of hormone production by the brain E. None of the above

E. None of the above Egas Moniz won the Nobel Prize for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses"

Morgan's Canon is? A. A weapon used by Morgan B. A surgical instrument used by Moniz C. A method used to tame bulls D. A brain operation E. None of the above

E. None of the above Morgan's Cannon- when there are several possible interpretations for a behavior observational observation, the rule is to give precedence to the simplest one.

Ontogeny A. Is in the cytoplasm B. Occurs in the cytoplasm C. Refers to evolutionary development D. Refers to hominin migration E. None of the above

E. None of the above Ontogeny is the development of individuals over their life span

The ANS is part of the A. Sympathetic nervous system B. Parasympathetic nervous system C. Brain D. CNS E. None of the above

E. None of the above The ANS is the part of the peripheral nervous system that acts as a control system that functions largely below the level of consciousness to control visceral functions

The CNS is composed of two major divisions: the A. Sympathetic nervous system B. Parasympathetic nervous system C. Brain D. CNS E. None of the above

E. None of the above The CNS is responsible for integrating sensory information and responding accordingly. It consists of two main components: The spinal cord and the brain.

In the Minnesota study, the heritability estimate for IQ was 70%. This means that IQ is A. 70% genetic B. about 30% environmental C. about 70% genetic D. both B and C E. none of the above

E. None of the above The Minnesota Twin Family Study (or MTFS) is a longitudinal study of twins conducted by researchers at the University of Minnesota - Twin Cities. It seeks to identify the genetic and environmental influences on the development of psychological traits.

The blood brain barrier is A. A spongy bone B. The arachnoid space and pia mater C. An electrochemical organ D. Absent in cases of hydrocephalus E. None of the above

E. None of the above The blood-brain barrier (BBB) protects the neural tissue from variations in blood composition and toxins. Elsewhere in the body the extracellular concentrations of hormones, amino acids and potassium undergo frequent fluctuations, especially after meals, exercise or stressful times.

The sensitive period is a period of A. Heat B. Sexual Receptivity C. Fertility D. All of the above E. None of the above

E. None of the above The sensitive period is the period during the development of a particular traits, usually early in life, when a particular experience is likely to change the course of that development.

The Coolidge effect is A. A psychological phenomenon that relates to persuasion. It is a delayed increase of the effect of a message that is accompanied by a discounting cue. B. A copulating male who becomes incapable of continuing to copulate with one sex partner can often recommence copulating with a new sex partner. C. the process by which a psychiatrist, psychologist, or other mental health clinician mistakes the patient's perception of real events as delusional and misdiagnoses accordingly. D. is a temporal perceptual illusion that can arise when observers judge the elapsed time between sensory stimuli applied sequentially at different locations. E. refers to the tendency to more easily recognize members of one's own race.

B. A copulating male who becomes incapable of continuing to copulate with one sex partner can often recommence copulating with a new sex partner.

Which of the following is not A. All mammals are chordates B. All chordates are vertebrates C. All reptiles are vertebrates D. All mammals are vertebrates E. All vertebrates are chordates

B. All chordates are vertebrates

Which of the following is a short segment of DNA that determines the rate at which a protein will be synthesized by a particular structural gene? A. Ribosome B. Enhancer C. Codon D. Nucleotide E. Condon Segment

B. Enhancer

Neurons are A. Basic structural unit for all organisms B. Cells that receive and transmit electrochemical signals C. The fundamental units of life D. Organisms that are composed of and depend on cells E. None of the above

B.Cells that receive and transmit electrochemical signals

Meiosis A. The process of cell division that produces gametes (egg cells and sperm cells) with half the chromosomes of the parent cell. B. Chromosomes divide, and one chromosome of each pair foes to each of the two gametes that results from the cell division. C. As a result, each gamete has only half the usual number of chromosomes (23 in humans); when a sperm cell and an egg cell combine during fertilization D. All of the above E. Both B and C

D. All of the above The process of cell division that produces gametes (egg cells and sperm cells) with half the chromosomes of the parent cell. In meiosis chromosomes divide, and one chromosome of each pair foes to each of the two gametes that results from the cell division. As a result, each gamete has only half the usual number of chromosomes (23 in humans); when a sperm cell and an egg cell combine during fertilization

Chromosomes A. Threadlike structures in the nucleus of each cell B. Occur in matched pairs, each species has a characteristic number of pairs in each of its body cells, humans have 23 pairs C. The two genes (alleles) that control each trait are situated at the same location, one on each chromosome of a particular pair D. All of the above E. Both A and C

D. All of the above Threadlike structures in the nucleus of each cell. Chromosomes occur in matched pairs, each species has a characteristic number of pairs in each of its body cells, humans have 23 pairs. The two genes (alleles) that control each trait are situated at the same location, one on each chromosome of a particular pair.

Frogs, toads, and salamanders are A. Vertebrates B. Chordates C. Amphibians D. All of the above E. Both A and C

D. All of the above Vertebrates, Chordates, and Amphibians

Bird song is commonly studied in A. White-crowned sparrows B. Zebra finches C. Canaries D. All of the above E. Both A and C

D. All of the above White-crowned sparrows, zebra finches, and canaries.

All Behavior is the product of interactions among A. The organism's genetic endowment, which is a product of its evolution B. Its experience C.Its perception of the current situation D. All of the above E. Both A and C

D. All of the above All behavior is the product of interactions among three factors, the organism's genetic endowment, which is a product of its evolution; its experience; and its perception of the current situation.

The advantage of humans over other primates as subjects in biopsychological research is that they? A. Are often cheaper than animal B. They can report their subjective experiences C. They can follow verbal directions D. All of the above E. Both B and C

D. All of the above Are often cheaper than animal, They can report their subjective experiences, and They can follow verbal directions

Pinel ended his discussion of the genetics of human psychological differences with a description of the study of Turkheimer and colleagues (2003). The important finding of this study was that A. Among the very poor, the heritability estimate of IQ was close to zero B. Among the affluent, the heritability estimate of IQ was close to one C. IQ in adult humans is almost entirely genetic D. Both A and B E. Both B and C

D. Both A and B Among the very poor, the heritability estimate of IQ was close to zero and among the affluent, the heritability estimate of IQ was close to one.

Mitosis A. Is the process of cell division that produces cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. B. Just prior to mitotic division, the number of chromosomes double so that, when the cell divides, both daughter cells end up with the full complement of chromosomes. C. The process by which DNA molecule duplicates itself. D. Both A and B E. None of the above

D. Both A and B Is the process of cell division that produces cells with the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell. Just prior to mitotic division, the number of chromosomes double so that, when the cell divides, both daughter cells end up with the full complement of chromosomes.

Searle (1949) found that, in comparison to maze-dull rats, maze-bright rats were A. Not generally superior in learning ability B. Less emotional C. More emotional D. Both A and B E. Both A and C

D. Both A and B Not generally superior in learning ability and less emotional.

Each codon on a strand of messenger RNA A. Comprises three consecutive bases on the messenger RNA molecule B. Instructs the ribosome to add one amino acid from the cytoplasm to the growing protein chain C. Contains all of the information necessary to synthesize to complete protein D. Both A and B E. Both A and C

D. Both A and C Comprises three consecutive bases on the messenger RNA molecule and contains all of the information necessary to synthesize to complete protein.

Lizards, snakes, and turtles are A. Reptiles B. Amphibians C. Vertebrates D. Both A and C E. Both B and C

D. Both A and C Reptiles and Vertebrates

Biopsychology involves both experiments and nonexperimental studies. Two common types of nonexperimental studies are A. Controlled Experiments and Noncontrolled B. Cross section and longitudinal experiments C. Laboratory experiments and Human studies D. Quasiexperimental and Case studies E. None of the above

D. Quasiexperimental and Case studies

Biopsychology is A. The scientific study of the biology of behavior B. The study of psychobiology C. The study of behavioral biology D. The study of behavioral neuroscience E. All of the above

E. All of the above Is the scientific study of the biology of behavior, the study of psychobiology, the study of behavioral biology and the study of behavioral neuroscience.