Physiology Chapter 3 & 5
The mitochondria contain no DNA or RNA.
Each of the following statements concerning mitochondria is TRUE except one. Identify the one exception.
Mitochondria
Most of the ATP required to power cellular operations is produced in the
Secretion
Movement from the extracellular fluid into the lumen of an organ
Anchoring
After a sunburn you can peel off your dead skin in relatively large sheets, because of the presence of this type of junction.
Loose junctions.
All but one of the structures listed below are a type of cell junction. Identify the exception.
Paracellular
Movement of material between cells is known as the _________pathway
Secretory vesicles (storage vesicles - lysosomes/peroxisomes never leave the cytoplasm)
All of the structures listed below are involved in storage, EXCEPT
Liposome
An additive to creams & lotions and a drug-delivery vehicle.
Paracellular Transport
Between adjacent cells
Pressure
Bulk flow is a fluid flow as a result of a ______________gradiant.
Tonicity
By which law we predict the movement of solvent through the semi-permeable membrane of the blood cells?
Repel
Cations will ----------each other.
Epithelium
Close examination of an organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells. The layers do not contain any blood vessels, and one surface of the cells faces the internal cavity of the organ. This tissue is probably
Microvilli
Epithelial cells that are adapted for membrane transport of materials, such as ions and nutrients, ususally have ________on their apical surface.
ATP is necessary for active transport, but not for facilitated diffusion.
Facilitated diffusion and active transport differ by
Absorption
From the orgrans lumen to the extracellular fluid
Increase the cell's surface area.
Function of microvilli, often seen on the apical membrane of transporting epithelial is to
A) establishing a structural framework for the body. B) transporting fluids and dissolved materials. C) providing protection for delicate organs. D) storing energy reserves. All of the above
Functions of connective tissue include
Storing Energy Reserves
Functions of epithelial include all of the following EXCEPT
Endocrine Glands
Glands that secrete hormones into the blood via tissue fluids are
Hyposmotic solutions
Have lower concentrations of solutes than hyperosmotic solutions.
Digest cellular wastes and bacteria
If a cell lacked lysosomes, it would not be able to
Undergo nuclear division
If an animal cell lacked centrioles, it would not be able to
Mucosal
In an epithelium, the apical membrane is also know as the ________________membrane.
Intracellular Transport
In one side of the cell and out the other
in cells that are actively engaged in absorption
Microvilli are found
Golgi Apparatus
Modifies proteins and packages them into secretory vesicles for export from the cell.
Saturation
Occurs when a group of carrier proteins is opertating at its maximum rate.
No cellular energy
Passive transport refers to a process that requires
Membranes
Permeability is a property of
Endocytosis
Pinocytosis and potocytgosis are types of
Cytosol
Plasma is to blood as __________is to cytoplasm.
Golgi complex
Renewal or modification of the cell membrane is the function of the
Hycrophilic and lipophobic
Substances that readily dissolve in water and do not readily dissolve in lipids are
Lysosomes - enzyme to breakdown the lipids is absent or really reduced allowing build up in the neurons
Tay-Sachs is a disease caused by having ineffective
Movement of substances from the apical side to the basolateral membrane
The absorption in the epithelia
The cell
The basic structural and functional unit of the human body is
Lysosomes
The digestive system of a cell, degrading and/or recycling bacterial or organic components.
The presence of extracelluar matrix containing widely scattered cells.
The distinguishing characteristics of connective tissue is
Cell Shape Internal Organzation Intracellular Transport Movement (All of the above)
The function(s) of cytoskeleton
Electrical stimuli Chemical stimuli Mechanical stimuli Vibrating stimuli
The gated channels in the cell membrane of nerves open under which influence?
Skin
The heaviest organ in the body
Electrical Disequillibrium
The inside of a resting cell is slightly relative to the outside. This is an example of
External
The lumen of a hollow organ such as the stomach is considered to be part of the ______________environment.
The inside lysosome is highly acidic.
The lysosomes besides secreting powerful enzymes they have also this particularity.
Exocytosis
The means by which a cell transports large molecules out of the cell is called
Mitochondria
The powerhouse of the cell. ATP is produced here.
The term Secretion refers to
The process by which a cell releases a substance into an extracellular space
Lumen
The space that is surrounded by the tissue wall of hollow organs is known as the
Apoptosis
The term meaning programmed cell death is
Muscle tissue and neural tissue
The tissue (s) that is/are considered excitable because of the ability to generate electrical signals is/are called
CAMs
The type of junction protein important in growth and development are
Extra cellular Fluid (ECF)
The watery medium that surrounds a cell is known as
Peroxisomes
These degrade long chain fatty acids and toxic foreign materials.
Peroxisomes
Use an exnzyme to destroy H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) that is toxic to the cell
Simple Diffusion
Water is a polar molecule, yet it easily moves through the non-polar pportions of a cell membranes. Which transport process is responsible?
Hyposmotic, hyperosmotic
Water will always move from ----------areas to ----------areas if there are no impermeable barriers.
Sphingolipids that stick up above the phospholipids of the membrane, typical for placental tissues.
What are lipid rafts?
Plasma &and Interstitial
What are the two extracellular fluid compartments in the body?
Intracellular fluid
What body fluid compartment contains high levels of K+, anions, and proteins.
B. The formation of a barrier that is selectively permeable to lipid-soluble molecules C. To provide a framework for membrane proteins
What is/are the major roles of the phospholipid bilateral?
Normal saline NaCl .9%
What the perfusion do you prefer to infuse a patient who just lost more than 1 liter of blood?
Plasma & Interstitual fluid
Which bodily fluids contain higher levels of Na+, Cl- and HCO3-?
Does not store genetic material for the cell.
Which does NOT accurately complete the sentence. One of the major functions of both types of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the
Organic ions
Which ions render more negative inside the cell membrane?
Produce Energy (functions: bind to ligands, regulate the passage of ions, act as transport moledcules for salutes, anchor or stabilize the cell membrane)
Which of the following is NOT a function of membrane proteins
Proteins
Which of the following is NOT a molecule synthesized in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
Facilitated Diffusion
Which of the following is a way for salutes in an aqueous solution to move from an area of high solute concentration to an area of low solute concentration?
Lipids Steroids Water
Which of the following molecules can move across the phospholipid bilayer by simple diffusion?
Results in part, from concentration gradients for Na+ and K+
Which of the following statements about the resting potential is TRUE?
Mitochondria can replicate themselves only when directed by the cells' nuclear DNA.
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding mitochondria?
Cell Wall (plant, fungi, bacteria)
Which of the following terms is NOT used to define the structure that separates the contents of a human cell from its surrounding medium
Autophage lysosome
Which type of organelle that can digest the dead and worn out parts of the cell?
Multi potent
Which type of stem cells do we find in differentiated adult tissues like in the bone marrow?
Sky port
With help of a channel the sodium diffuses inside through the cell membrane accompanied by glucose. This is an example of
