Physiology Exam 2: Name 4 hormones involved in the hormonal control of metabolic fuel and describe what the target cell for these hormones is, the cells that produce the hormones and what function changes in the target cells.

Name 4 different hormones involved in control of metabolic fuel

1) insulin 2) glucagon 2) epinephrine 3) cortisol

Name the target cells, function, and the cells producing Cortisol

Cortisol is created in the adrenal gland, targets GR receptors on lymphocytes, macrophages, hepatocytes, and bone cells, and acts as the primary stress hormone by increasing blood glucose levels, enhancing the brain's ability to use glucose, and promoting tissue repair.

Name the target cells, function, and the cells producing Epinephrine

Epinephrine is created in the adrenal medulla, targets the alpha- and beta- adrenergic receptors primarily on liver, skin, heart, and lung cells, and is responsible for the physiological changes of the fight-or-flight response in the human body.

Name the target cells, function, and the cells producing Glucagon

Glucagon is created in beta cells in the pancreas, targets hepatocyte cells, and assists in regulating blood sugar levels by stimulating the breakdown of glycogen into glucose in the liver to be relased into the blood.

Name the target cells, function, and the cells producing Insulin

Insulin is created in beta cells of the pancreas, targets liver, skeletal muscles, and fat cells, and assists in regulating blood sugar by decreasing glucose levels in the blood