Physiology of Exercise Lab 14

33.6%

% of U.S. adults that have hypertension

90

According to the current American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) Guidelines for Exercise Testing and Prescription (i.g. the handout we used), diastolic blood pressure greater than ____is associated with increased CAD risk (no units required)

60

HDL concentration greater than ____is associated with decreased CAD risk (no units required)

40

HDL concentration less than ____is associated with increased CAD risk (no units required)

heart failure

Orthopnea could suggest that the patient has: - syncope - mitral regurgitation - heart failure - anemia - peripheral vascular disease - 3 of these

peripheral vascular disease

Pain in the lower extremities due to low blood flow during exercise would most likely be associated with which of the following: - COPD - arrhythmias - coronary artery disease - peripheral vascular disease - heart failure - 3 of these

arrhythmias

Palpitations would most likely be associated with which of the following: - heart failure - COPD - coronary artery disease - arrhythmias - peripheral vascular disease - 3 of these

heart failure

Sudden shortness of breath at night could suggest that the patient has: - anemia - syncope - mitral regurgitation - heart failure - peripheral vascular disease - 3 of these

quit smoking 4 months ago

Which of the following findings in a patient would be associated with an increased risk of developing a cardiovascular disease? - fasting plasma glucose = 102 mg/dL - mother having a myocardial infarction at the age of 67 - 2 hour plasma glucose during glucose tolerance test = 174 mg/dL - exercising three days per week for thirty to fourty minutes over the past half year - quit smoking 4 months ago

HDL = 74 mg/dL

Which of the following findings in a patient would be associated with reduced risk of developing a cardiovascular disease? - exercising three days per week for fifteen to twenty minutes over the past half year - LDL = 144 mg/dL - father having a myocardial infarction at the age of 54 -HDL = 74 mg/dL - quit smoking almost 100 days ago

ischemia

a temporary lack of adequate blood flow relative to the oxygen demand

stable angina

angina that is predicable; has an onset during increased PA or exertion & is thought to be representative of coronary flow limitations due to atherosclerosis

unstable angina

angina that is unpredictable; may be due to vasospasms or a thrombosis blocking 1 or some of the coronary arteries

epicardial coronary arteries

arteries that can be seen on gross inspection of the heart

intramyocardial coronary arteries

arteries that dive below the surface of the myocardium

subendocardial coronary arteries

arteries that run along the inside of the heart chambers

left main coronary artery (LCA)

artery that angles down & laterally to the left on the anterior aspect of the heart

circumflex artery

artery that provides the blood flow to the lateral & dorsal walls of the left atrium & ventricle

left anterior descending artery (LAD)

artery that supplies arterial blood to the anterior walls of both ventricles, as well as the interventricular septum

right coronary artery (RCA)

artery that supplies blood to the right side of the heart

250 ml/min (5% of cardiac output)

at rest the heart receives approximately ______ ml/min of blood

peripheral vascular disease (PVD)

atherosclerosis in their peripheral circulation

left main coronary artery

blockage of what artery would deprive the entire left ventricular myocardium of oxygen rich blood flow

1000 ml/min

coronary blood flow at max exercise is ~ _____ml/min

70-75%

coronary blood flow is not significantly reduced until the coronary arteries are _____% occluded

coronary artery disease

due to the development of atherosclerotic plaques in the coronary arteries

decreased, decreased

during exercise the duration of diastole is ______ in absolute time & _____ as a percentage of the cardiac cycle

ventricular diastole

during what period does blood flow to the ventricular myocardium primarily occur

6.5

hemoglobin A1c greater than ____is associated with increased CAD risk (no units required

claudication

intermittent pain in the limbs during exercise due to ischemia in the periphery; individuals with peripheral vascular disease experience this

yes

is ischemia temporary & reversible

adults

is the incidence of sudden death greater in children or adults

coronary artery disease

leading cause of death in all industrialized countries

vasospasms

occur when the smooth muscle lining the coronary arteries "clamp down" & often occurs with strong epinephrine-mediated stimulation of alpha-adrenergic receptors in the smooth muscles

coronary arteries

the blood vessels that supply oxygen-rich blood to the myocardium

left anterior descending (LAD), circumflex artery (CxA)

the left main coronary artery (LCA) branches downward into the ______ & laterally into the _____

posterior descending artery (PDA)

the right coronary artery gives rise to this artery

myocardial ischemia

the temporary lack of adequate blood flow to the myocardium relative to the oxygen demand

heart disease, cancer, cerebrovascular disease, chronic lower respiratory diseases

top 4 leading causes of death in the U.S. in 2006

thrombosis

transient blood clot

inactivity

what is one of the major coronary heart disease risk factors

dilate

what must the coronary arteries do during exercise in order to accommodate an increase in coronary blood flow

coronary sinus

where coronary venous blood empties into on the posterior aspect of the heart, which empties the oxygen-depleted blood into the right atrium