PINEAPPLE!!!

Which bases bond together?

A and T G and C

What do we call a change in the nucleotide base sequence?

A mutation

What would be the complimentary strand to the following DNA sequence?

ACTGGGTCG

Name the 4 nitrogenous bases that make up DNA.

Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Guanine (G), Cytosine (C)

A series of 3 base codes for the production of what chemicals?

Ammino Acids

What is a mutagen?

Anything that causes a change in the DNA sequence EX: X- Rays, UV radiation, radioactive substances

What did Watson and Crick do?

Built models using cardboard and wire to understand the structure of DNA using Franklins X-Ray photos and found that C+G bond and A+T bond

What does T-RNA do?

Carries specific amino acids to m-RNA in a ribosome where the amino acids can be assembled into a protein. Groups of 3 nucleotides code for a individual ammino acids.

What nanomolecule in living things sends chemical messages and creates traits?

DNA

What 2 things are chromosomes made of?

DNA and proteins

A chain of nucleotides that code for a trait is called a?

Gene

What molecules allow for DNA to coil into a chromosome?

Histones.

What does mRNA do?

It is a part of a DNA molecule that can leave the nucleus. It passes through the nuclear pores and goes to the ribosomes to give the codes to make proteins.

What other nucleic acid molecule is in cells and helps to copy the DNA code?

M-RNA

Ultimately, each gene codes for the production of a ____________________.

Proteins.

What cell organelle reads the code on the mRNA

Ribosomes.

What did Erwin Chargaff discover?

The percentages of adenine [A] and thymine [T] bases are almost equal in any sample of DNA.

Whats the first step in making a protien?

Transcription, the process of making RNA out of DNA to be used in the ribosome.

Rosalind Frankin found the spiral shape of DNA using what process?

X-Ray Diffraction

How much DNA is in each cell in meters?

about 2 meters

What are the sides of the DNA ladder made of?

alternating sugar and phosphate molecules

What is uncoiled DNA called?

chromatin

What are the three main parts of a nucleotide?

phosphate group, sugar, nitrogenous base

What organelle is the site of protein synthesis.

ribosomes

What happens during DNA replication

the DNA molecule separates into two strands, then produces two new complementary strands following the rules of base pairing. Each strand of the double helix of DNA serves as a template, or model, for the new strand. Helicase splits the double helix and DNA polymirase adds complimentary base pairs. Ligase glues the Okazaki fragments.