Plant & Animal Cell Organelles & Differences

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough ER is found throughout the cell but the density is higher near the nucleus and the Golgi apparatus. Ribosomes on the rough endoplasmic reticulum are called 'membrane bound' and are responsible for the assembly of many proteins. This process is called translation. The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an organelle found in the cells of eukaryotic organisms. It is an interconnected network of flattened sacs or tubes encased in membranes. These membranes are continuous, joining with the outer membrane of the nuclear membrane. The endoplasmic reticulum serves many general functions, including the folding of protein molecules in sacs called cisternae and the transport of synthesized proteins in vesicles to the Golgi apparatus.

Cell wall

Cell wall is a tough, rigid layer that surrounds some types of cells. Cell wall is a characteristic feature to cells of plants, bacteria, fungi, algae and some archaea. It is located outside the cell membrane. A cell wall is a structural layer surrounding some types of cells, situated outside the cell membrane. It can be tough, flexible, and sometimes rigid. It provides the cell with both structural support and protection, and also acts as a filtering mechanism. ... In bacteria, the cell wall is composed of peptidoglycan. The plant cell wall is composed of cellulose. Cellulose is a structural carbohydrate and is considered a complex sugar because it is used in both protection and structure. The plant cell wall consists of three layers. Each layer has its own unique structure and function.

Golgi body/apparatus

Golgi apparatus is present in eukaryotic cells as one or more groups of flattened, membrane-bounded compartments or sacs. They are located very near the rough endoplasmic reticulum and hence near the nucleus. The Golgi apparatus gathers simple molecules and combines them to make molecules that are more complex. It then takes those big molecules, packages them in vesicles, and either stores them for later use or sends them out of the cell. It is also the organelle that builds lysosomes (cell digestion machines). The Golgi apparatus gathers simple molecules and combines them to make molecules that are more complex. It then takes those big molecules, packages them in vesicles, and either stores them for later use or sends them out of the cell. It is also the organelle that builds lysosomes

Cytoplasm

In eukaryotic cells, the cytoplasm includes all of the material inside the cell and outside of the nucleus. All of the organelles in eukaryotic cells, such as the nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria, are located in the cytoplasm. Cytoplasm consists of all of the contents outside of the nucleus and enclosed within the cell membrane of a cell. It is clear in color and has a gel-like appearance.Cytoplasm is composed mainly of water but also contains enzymes, salts, organelles, and various organic molecules. The jelly-like fluid that fills a cell is called cytoplasm. It is made up of mostly water and salt. Cytoplasm is present within the cell membrane of all cell types and contains all organelles and cell parts.

. Vacuole

Location: Vacuoles are distributed throughout the cell's cytoplasm. Most are spaced equidistantly between the cell membrane, the nucleus, and the cell's other large organelles. Description: The central vacuole is a cellular organelle found in plant cells. It is often the largest organelle in the cell. It is surrounded by a membrane and functions to hold materials and wastes. It also functions to maintain the proper pressure within the plant cells to provide structure and support for the growing plant. Function: A vacuole is usually found in all plant and fungal cells, as well as some cells of protests, animals, and bacteria. These membrane-bound structures are basically just enclosed compartments that are filled with both inorganic and organic molecules, along with water to support the organelle.

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are found in all body cells, with the exception of a few. There are usually multiple mitochondria found in one cell, depending upon the function of that type of cell.Mitochondria are located in the cytoplasm of cells along with other organelles of the cell. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouses of the cell. They are organelles that act like a digestive system which takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and creates energy rich molecules for the cell. The biochemical processes of the cell are known as cellular respiration. The most prominent roles of mitochondria are to produce the energy currency of the cell, ATP (i.e., phosphorylation of ADP), through respiration, and to regulate cellular metabolism. The central set of reactions involved in ATP production are collectively known as the citric acid cycle, or the Krebs cycle.

Ribosomes

Ribosomes are found 'free' in the cytoplasm or bound to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to form rough ER. In a mammalian cell there can be as many as 10 million ribosomes. Several ribosomes can be attached to the same mRNA strand, this structure is called a polysome. If the protein has a signal directing it to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), then the ribosome will locate itself to the ER and become membrane bound. ... In fact, the presence of ribosomes gives the ER its signature "rough" appearance in electron micrographs Ribosomes are a cell structure that makes protein. Protein is needed for many cell functions such as repairing damage or directing chemical processes. Ribosomes can be found floating within the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. ... Proteins are an essential part of all cells.

Differences between the two types of Eukaryotic cells

Structurally, plant and animal cells are very similar because they are both Eukaryotic cells. Beyond size, the main structural differences between plant and animal cells lie in a few additional structures found in plant cells. These structures include: chloroplasts and cell wall. Chloroplasts work to convert light energy of the Sun into sugars that can be used by cells. Which is something that animal cells don't need because they get their energy from plants and other animals. Plant cells also have a cell wall which keeps the structurally supported and is not something animal cells need because they would lose their flexibility.

Cell membrane

The cell membrane is found in both plant and animal cells. It is the outermost layer in the animal cell and is found just inside the cell wall in the plant cell. It consists of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins. The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of cells and organelles. In this way, it is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules. It consists of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins. The basic function of the cell membrane is to protect the cell from its surroundings. The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of cells and organelles. In this way, it is selectively permeable to ions and organic molecules.

Chloroplast

The chloroplast is located throughout the cytoplasm of the cells of plant leaves and other parts depending on the type of plant. Actually, you can see where in a plant the chloroplasts are because chloroplasts are what make the plant appear green. Therefore wherever there is green on a plant there are chloroplasts. Animal cells do not have chloroplasts. Chloroplasts Work to convert light energy of the Sun into sugars that can be used by cells. The entire process is called photosynthesis and it all depends on the little green chlorophyll molecules in each chloroplast. Plants are the basis of all life on Earth The organelles are only found in plant cells and some protists such as algae. ... Chloroplasts work to convert light energy of the Sun into sugars that can be used by cells. The entire process is called photosynthesis and it all depends on the little green chlorophyll molecules in each chloroplast

Nucleus

The location of the nucleus can vary, depending on the type of the cell. The usual location of the nucleus is at the centre (animal cells), but it can also be at the periphery (plant cells). The reason for that is the vacuole that takes the central position in the plant cell. The nucleus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Inside its fully-enclosed nuclear membrane, it contains the majority of the cell's genetic material. This material is organized as DNA molecules, along with a variety of proteins, to form chromosomes. The nucleus is an organelle found in eukaryotic cells. Inside its fully-enclosed nuclear membrane, it contains the majority of the cell's genetic material. This material is organized as DNA molecules, along with a variety of proteins, to form chromosomes

Lysosomes

You will find organelles called lysosomes in nearly every animal-like eukaryotic cell. Lysosomes hold enzymes that were created by the cell. The purpose of the lysosome is to digest things. They might be used to digest food or break down the cell when it dies. Inside a cell, numerous organelles function to remove wastes. One of the key organelles involved in digestion and waste removal is the lysosome. Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They digest excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria. Inside a cell, numerous organelles function to remove wastes. One of the key organelles involved in digestion and waste removal is the lysosome. Lysosomes are organelles that contain digestive enzymes. They digest excess or worn out organelles, food particles, and engulfed viruses or bacteria.