Plant and Animal Cells Test

Animal cells only

Cilia & flagella, centrioles, and lysosomes

Plant cells only

Large central vacuoles, chloroplasts, cell wall of cellulose, plasmodesmata

Chloroplasts

Make food from sunlight. Hold chlorophyll that give plants their green color. Chloroplasts are found inside the Cytoplasm. They are large green structures. They capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell.

Organelle

One of several bodies with a specialized function that is suspended in the cytoplasm of the cell (mitochondria, nucleus, ribosomes, lysosomes, cytoplasm, cell membrane, chloroplast, vacuole, endoplasmic reticulum, DNA)

How animal and plant cells are different

Plant cells have a cell wall, large vacuole, rectangular in shape, and can make their own food. Animal cells have only a cell membrane, small vacuoles, rounded in shape, and can move (flagella)

Mitochondria

Powerhouse of the cell, organelle that is the site of energy (ATP) production through cellular respiration. Mitochondria are the rod shaped structures. These are power houses" of the cell because they produce most of the energy for the cell to carry out its functions.

Golgi Body (Apparatus)

a complex of vesicles and folded membranes within the cytoplasm of most eukaryotic cells, involved in secretion and intracellular transport. a structure in a cell that receives proteins and other newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulum, packages them, and distributes them to other parts of the cell Golgi Body are flat collections of sacs and tubes. The "mailroom" recieve proteins and newly formed materials from the endoplasmic reticulm, package them and distribute them to other cell parts.

chromosomes

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids DNA and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes. located inside the nucleus Makes you who you are

Centrioles/centrosomes

lie outside nuclear membrane and organize spindle fibers required for cell division. only animal cells have, plants use microtubules instead. 2 centrioles at right angles to each other make 1 centrosome Centrosomes produce spindle fibers during cell division to divide up the DNA equally into the two new cells.

Chloroplast

organelle found in cells of plants and some other organisms that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy; site of photosynthesis; contains chlorophyll (green pigment)

Vacuole Plant vs Animal

plant: central vacuole takes up most of plant cell (stores water), animal: vacuoles are smaller (store waste); floating in the cytoplasm

Cell Membrane

the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell. flexible barrier around a cell; regulates what enters and leaves the cell. Since a animal cell does not have a wall, the Cell Membrane forms a barrier between the cytoplasm and the environment. There is tiny pores that allow harmful waste to leave the cell and food and oxygen to enter.

Vacuole (plant cell)

-single, large vacuole -plays a role in structure -gives cell rigidity -turgor pressure

Plant cells

1) have cell wall 2) have chloroplasts containing chlorophyll 3) large central vacuole 4) square/rectangular shaped

Animal cells

1) no cell wall/cell membrane 2) no chloroplasts 3) no large central vacuole/Small vacuoles 4) can move 5) Round in shape

Eukaryote

A cell that contains a nucleus and membrane bound organelles

Vacuole

A fluid filled organelle that stores enzymes or water "food storage"; stores waste; Store food and water in the cell. Plant cells have large Vacuole and animal cells have small but they are both floating in the cytoplasm. They are round water filled sac that is the storage aera of a cell. They store food, waste , and water.

Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER)

A membrane-enclosed cellular organelle with ribosomes attached to its outer surface; a site of synthesis for proteins destined to be inserted into membrane or to be enclosed by membrane.

Cell wall

A rigid structure made of cellulose that surrounds the cells of plants; It is made of tough, flexible flexible material ( cellulose) It helps protect and support the cell. It gives the cell a box- like shape. A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms.

Lysosomes

An organelle containing digestive enzymes; cell organelle filled with enzymes needed to break down certain materials in the cell

How animal and plant cells are alike

Both have a nucleus, cell membrane, and organelles.

Cell

Building blocks for living things (smallest Unit of life). Are prokaryotic or eukaryotic. Plant and animal cells are eukaryotic.

Ribosomes

Ribosomes are grain like bodies that float in the cytoplasm. they are "factories" to produce protiens. They release some proteins through the wall of the endoplamic reticulum and then transpoted to the Golgi bodies. Site of protein synthesis

Cell Plate

The Cell Plate forms into new cell membranes between the two daughter cells. The new cell walls form around the cell membranes.

Endoplasmic Reticulum

The Endoplasmic Reticulum is passageways that carry proteins and other materials from one part of the cell to another. Rough ER has ribosomes in the folds making it bumpy. Smooth ER is smooth. Transports nutrients to the nucleus

Nuclear Membrane

The Nuclear Membrane protects the nucleus. Itt has pores that allow materials to pass in and out of the nucleus.

Nucleus

The organelle that contains the DNA and controls the processes of the cell; A part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction; The Nucleus is found inside the cytoplasm. It directs all of the cell's activities, including reproduction. "BRAIN"

Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (Smooth ER)

The portion of the endoplasmic reticulum that does not have ribosomes attached to it. Involved in synthesis and secretion of lipids. An endomembrane system where lipids are synthesized, calcium levels are regulated, and toxic substances are broken down.

Cytoplasm

The region of the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus, fluid, chemical reactions occurr here. Part of cell protoplasm excluding the nucleus. Cytosol The Cytoplasm is the area a between the cell membrane and the nucleus. It contains a gel-like fluid and many different organelles are found in it.