Plant Systems Chapter 2

chloroplast

an organelle in plant cells in which photosynthesis takes place

Stomata

small openings in the bottom of a leaf through which gases move

Transpiration

the evaporation of water through a plant's leaves

chlorophyll

the pigment in a chloroplast that absorbs light

photosynthesis

the process by which plants transform energy from sunlight into chemical energy

Non Vascular plant factors affecting growth.

1. Nutrients, water, and sunlight. 2. No trees no water.

Vascular Plants and Non Vascular Plants Similarites

Both use photosynthesis to make glucose (sugar)

Explain the carbon dioxide and oxygen cycle on earth?

Carbon dioxide and oxygen continuously cycle though the atmosphere. Plants take in carbon dioxide and release oxygen. Humans and animals take in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. Both plants, humans and animals use oxygen to break down sugar. This way plants and animals recycle the gases they both need.

Function of phloem

Phloem brings sugar (glucose) that is made in the leaves down to the rest of the plant.

Explain the process of photosynthesis.

Photosynthesis takes place in organelles called chloroplasts. Inside the chloroplasts are stacks of membranes called grana. Grana contain chlorophyll. 1. Chlorophyll absorbs light, splitting water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen. 2. Glucose (sugar food for the plant) is formed by hydrogen joining with carbon which releases oxygen into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxid sunlight and glucos

Function of roots, stems and leaves

Roots keep plants in the ground, soak up water and minerals from the soil, may store food. Stems, hold plants upright, holds leaves up in the air so they can get sunlight, it is a way for materials to move between the roots and the leaves.

How do plants transport water up from the roots to the leaves?

Water is transported up plants from roots to leaves through root pressure, cohesion, and transpiration, xylem.

The vascular tissues found in roots, stems and leaves that transport sugar and water in plants are called

Xyelm and phloem

Function of xylem

Xylem brings water and minerals from the roots to the stem and the leaves.

phloem

a cascular tissue that conducs food that is made in the leaves downword tot he rest of the plant

Vascular plant

a plant that has specialized structures for transporting food, water, and other materials between plant parts

cohesion

water and minerals cling to each other and to the xylem walls. This forms a column under tension that rises up the stem.

root pressure

water enters the roots because roots are saltier than the soil, outer walls of roots have cells that keep the water from leaking back out. pressure pushes water and minerals up.

Non Vascular Plant Differences

1. No specialized tissues to transport materials. 2. Do not have true roots, stems, and leaves 3. Remain small

Vascular plant factors affecting growth.

1. Nutrients, water and sunlight. 2. Environmental conditions wind, bad soil, too little water, too much water.

Vascular Plant Differences

1. Specialized tissues (xylem and phloem) to transport materials throughout the plant. 2. True roots, stems, and leaves 3. Grow large

Vascular Plants and Non Vascular Plants Difference

1. Vascular plants have xylem and phloem to transport water and minerals and therefore can grow very big. Non Vascular plants do not have a way to move water and minerals so therefore remain small. 2. Vascular plants can live in environments with limited water. Non vascular plants have to live in moist environments. 3. Vascular plants have true roots, stems and leaves. Non Vascular plants do not.

How do plants produce food? Main Idea

Plants use energy from the Sun to make food. They combine carbon dioxide and water to make glucose, and release oxygen in the process. This is called photosynthesis.

nonvascular plant

a plant that locks true leaves, stems, and roots

Xylem

a vascular tissue that conducts water and minerals through a plant

transpiration

evaporation of water through the leaves creates a pull that draws the water up through the stem.

How do plants move materials? Main Idea

plants have specialized tissues and use natural forces to transport water, minerals, and nutients.

Parts of vascular plant

roots, stems and leaves

grana

stacks of membranes inside a chloroplast that contain chlorophyll