PLS final exam questions

Interest group examples

- Business and Agriculture - Labor Union Groups (AFL-CIO, pilots, teachers) - Professional Groups (American Medical Association, American Bar Association) - Public Interest Groups (Consumer and Environmental Protection, Consumer Reports) - Ideological Groups (Religious, Libertarian, Conservative, Liberal) - Public Sector (Universities, think tanks, research lobbies) - Financing (AARP)

The winner of the electoral college vote has not won the popular vote _______ time(s) in American history.

4

The Fifteenth Amendment

African Americans can vote

Texas vs. Johnson

Ruled that a person has a constitutional right to burn the american flag.

Obergefell v. Hodges

States obligated to recognize same-sex marriage from other states.

Strict scrutiny refers to

a test used by the Supreme Court that places the burden of proof on the government rather than on the challengers to show that the law in question is constitutional

Thirteenth Amendment

abolished slavery

In Brutus II, the author argues for the inclusion of a Bill of Rights in the Constitution because governments are made up of human beings who share a common nature, including potential impulses of __________ and __________.

ambition and greed

Maubury v. Madison

established the Supreme Court's power of judicial review

The Supreme Court's decision in Buckley v. Valeo (1976), was significant because it

introduced the idea that money counts as "speech" under the Constitution.

stare decisis

let the decision stand

The difference between a political value and a political attitude is that values are

liberal, while attitudes are conservative.

________ generally support abortion rights and oppose state involvement with religious institutions.

liberals

Most cases reach the Supreme Court through

writ of certiorari

The fact that survey respondents overreport voting in elections and the frequency of their church attendance is an example of the ________ effect.

social desirability

Lawrence v. Texas

state law may not ban sexual relations between same-sex partners

________ prevent(s) people from being tried twice for the same crime.

Double jeopardy

What is the most important factor in predicting whether an individual votes?

Educational level

The Supreme Court ruled that the government could not restrict independent expenditures by corporations or unions to political campaigns in

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (2010).

________ occurs when one party controls the presidency while another party controls one or both houses of Congress.

Divided government

Which of the following statements is true about the forces that shape public opinion?

Presidents often attempt to influence public support for the policies they are promoting.

Which of the following statements best describes the effect of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 on voter registration in southern states?

The gap between the percentage of whites registering to vote and the percentage of African Americans registering to vote declined significantly after passage of the Voting Rights Act.

Which of the following statements about the ideological preferences of Americans is true?

The percentage of Americans who consider themselves moderates, liberals, or conservatives has remained relatively constant for the past 15 years.

selective incorporation

The process by which provisions of the Bill of Rights are brought within the scope of the Fourteenth Amendment and so applied to state and local governments.

Amendment XXIII extends the right to vote for President and Vice President to

citizens of DC

type of law that the government always the plaintiff

criminal

DC vs Heller

dc cannot take away the right of an individual to own a gun

The Administrative Procedure Act is important in civil law because it

governs agency rule making

Amendment XVII changed how US Senators are chosen by

making Senators popularly elected by the citizens of their respective states

Research into public opinion and public policy has shown that

more affluent and more educated citizens have a disproportionate influence over politics and public policy decisions.

Which of the following forms of speech receives the greatest level of First Amendment protection?

political speech

Third-party candidates are better off under

proportional representation

In the Bakke (1978) case, the Supreme Court ruled that

quotas and separate admissions standards for minorities were unconstitutional but affirmative action could be used

referendum

the practice of referring a proposed law passed by a legislature to the vote of the electorate for approval or rejection