PM-ks-C1-myManyTests
8. In order to be realistic, a project manager should always set discrete goals instead of a range of objectives. T/F
False Because projects involve uncertainty and limited resources, projects rarely finish according to their original scope, time, and cost goals. Instead of discrete target goals, it is often more realistic to set a range of goals.
24. Effective program managers recognize that managing a project is much more complex than managing a program. T/F
False Effective program managers recognize that managing a program is much more complex than managing a single project.
(4) Project quality management
ensures that the project will satisfy the stated or implied needs for which it was undertaken.
(7) Project risk management
includes identifying, analyzing, and responding to risks related to the project.
5. A project manager's primary role is to provide the funding for a project. T/F
False A project sponsor usually provides the direction and funding for a project.
23. Program managers are change agents. T/F
True Program managers are responsible for more than the delivery of project results. They are change agents responsible for the success of products and processes developed by these projects.
66. The term "_____" refers to work done in organizations to sustain the business.
ANSWER: Operations
26. It is mandatory for project managers working on large information technology projects to be experts in the field of information technology. T/F
False, but they must have working knowledge of various technologies and understand how the project would enhance the business.
41. Which tool is most likely to be used in project schedule management? a. Payback analysis b. Impact matrices c. Gantt charts d. Fishbone diagrams
ANSWER: c Schedule management uses Gantt charts, project network diagrams, critical path analysis, crashing, fast tracking, and schedule performance measurements.
(3) Project cost management
consists of preparing and managing the budget for the project.
67. _____ include people, hardware, software, or other assets.
ANSWER: Resources
59. Which of the following refers to a set of principles that guides decision making based on personal values of what is considered right and wrong? a. Ethics b. Civics c. Laws d. Politics
ANSWER: a Ethics is a set of principles that guides decision making based on personal values of what is considered right and wrong. Making ethical decisions is an important part of project managers' personal and professional lives because it generates trust and respect with other people.
80. Soft skills are also known as _____ skills.
ANSWER: human relations
86. High-end tools are generally licensed on a(n) _____ basis.
ANSWER: per-user
(2) Project schedule management
(formerly called project time management) includes estimating how long it will take to complete the work, developing an acceptable project schedule, and ensuring timely completion of the project.
81. The _____ is an international professional society for project managers founded in 1969.
ANSWER: Project Management Institute
65. A(n) _____ is a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result.
ANSWER: project
82. Passing the CPA exam is a standard for accountants. Similarly, passing the PMP exam is becoming a standard for _____.
ANSWER: project managers
73. The _____ of project management includes quality, scope, time, and cost constraints.
ANSWER: quadruple constraint
64. Until the 1980s, project management primarily focused on providing _____ and resource data to top management in the military, computer, and construction industries.
ANSWER: schedule
12. Opponents of a project do not belong to the category of stakeholders. T/F
False
10. The only responsibility of a project manager is to meet the specific scope, time, and cost goals of a project. T/F
False Project managers must strive not only to meet specific scope, time, cost, and quality goals of projects but also facilitate the entire process to meet the needs and expectations of people involved in project activities or affected by them.
Cost:
This goal deals with questions such as, "What should it cost to complete the project? What is the project's budget? How will costs be tracked? Who can authorize changes to the budget?"
Time:
This goal encompasses questions such as, "How long should it take to complete the project? What is the project's schedule? How will the team track actual schedule performance? Who can approve changes to the schedule?"
(5) Project resource management
is concerned with making effective use of the people and physical resources involved with the project.
31. Which objective is true of projects? a. They have an indefinite beginning and end. b. They have a unique purpose. c. They are developed using regressive elaboration. d. They are permanent in nature.
ANSWER: b One of the attributes of projects is that they has have a unique purpose. Every project should have a well-defined objective.
68. A project's sponsor is also known as a(n) _____.
ANSWER: primary customer
Scope:
This goal involves questions such as, "What work will be done as part of the project? What unique product, service, or result does the customer or sponsor expect from the project? How will the scope be verified?"
15. The primary role of project stakeholder management is to ensure that the project will satisfy the stated needs for which it was undertaken. T/F
False Project management knowledge areas describe the key competencies that project managers must develop. Project stakeholder management includes identifying and analyzing stakeholder needs while managing and controlling their engagement throughout the life of the project.
2. A difference between operations and projects is that operations end when their objectives have been reached, whereas projects do not. T/F
False Projects end when their objectives have been reached or the project has been terminated.
1. Until the 1980s, project management primarily focused on providing schedule and resource data to top management in the military, computer, and construction industries. T/F
TRUE Today's project management involves much more, and people in every industry and every country manage projects.
3. Every project should have a well-defined objective. T/F
True A project has a unique purpose. Every project should have a well-defined objective.
88. List each of the ten project management knowledge areas.
ANSWER: Project management knowledge areas describe the key competencies that project managers must develop. These are as follows: (1) Project scope management (2) Project schedule management (project time management) (3) Project cost management (4) Project quality management (5) Project resource management (6) Project communications management (7) Project risk management (8) Project procurement management (9) Project stakeholder management (10) Project integration management
56. A Gantt chart is a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in a ____ format. a. calendar b. line graph c. bar graph d. pie chart
ANSWER: a A Gantt chart was developed by Henry Gantt for scheduling work in factories. A Gantt chart is a standard format for displaying project schedule information by listing project activities and their corresponding start and finish dates in calendar form.
57. A _____ is an organizational group responsible for coordinating the project management function throughout an organization. a. Project Management Office b. Project Management Professional c. Project Management Center d. Portfolio Group
ANSWER: a In the 1990s, many companies began creating Project Management Offices to help them handle the increasing number and complexity of projects. A Project Management Office (PMO) is an organizational group responsible for coordinating the project management function throughout an organization.
58. Which organization provides certification as a Project Management Professional? a. PMS b. PMC c. PMI d. PMP
ANSWER: c PMI or the Project Management Institute provides certification as a Project Management Professional (PMP). A Project Management Professional (PMP) is someone who has documented sufficient project experience and education, agreed to follow the PMI code of professional conduct, and demonstrated knowledge of project management by passing a comprehensive examination.
39. Which project management knowledge area is an overarching function that affects and is affected by the different knowledge areas? a. Project cost management b. Project stakeholder management c. Project integration management d. Project communications management
ANSWER: c Project management knowledge areas describe the key competencies that project managers must develop. Project integration management is an overarching function that affects and is affected by all of the other knowledge are
78. A(n) _____ is "a group of related projects, subsidiary programs, and program activities managed in a coordinated manner to obtain benefits and control not available from managing them individually."
ANSWER: program
29. The enterprise project management software, which aids project and portfolio management, is a low-end tool.
False A category of project management software is high-end tools, sometimes referred to as enterprise project management software. These tools provide robust capabilities to handle very large projects and dispersed workgroups.
27. To be a successful manager, the only skills an IT project manager needs to possess are excellent technical skills. T/F
False IT project managers must be willing to develop business and soft skills also.
9. Managing the triple constraint primarily involves making trade-offs between resources and quality. T/F
False Managing the triple constraint involves making trade-offs between scope, time, and cost goals for a project. Experienced project managers must decide which aspect of the triple constraint is most important.
19. Responsibility assignment matrices and project organizational charts are examples of tools used in procurement management. T/F
False Motivation techniques, empathic listening, responsibility assignment matrices, project organizational charts, resource histograms and team building exercises are tools used in RESOURCE MANAGEMENT
61. Which type of tool is usually recommended for small projects and single users? a. Low-end b. Midrange c. High-end d. Upper range
ANSWER: a Low-end tools provide basic project management features and generally cost less than $200 per user. They are often recommended for small projects and single users.
42. Fast tracking is an example of a tool used in _____ management. a. schedule b. quality c. communication d. risk
ANSWER: a Schedule management tools include Gantt charts, project network diagrams, critical path analysis, crashing, fast tracking, and schedule performance measurements.
(8) Project procurement management
involves acquiring or procuring goods and services for a project from outside the performing organization.
(1)Project scope management
involves defining and managing all the work required to complete the project successfully.
(6) Project communications management
involves generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information.
Managing the triple constraint involves making trade-offs between ____________
scope, time, and cost goals for a project. Experienced project managers know that they must decide which aspect of the triple constraint is most important. If time is most important, one must change the initial scope and/or cost goals to meet the schedule. If scope goals are most important, one may need to adjust time and/or cost goals.
45. Team building exercises and motivation techniques are tools used in _____ management. a. procurement b. scope c. resource d. cost
ANSWER: c Motivation techniques, empathic listening, resource histograms, and team building exercises are tools used in human resource management.
87. Describe the triple constraint. What are the three components and what is the relationship between them?
ANSWER: Every project is constrained in different ways, often by its scope, time, and cost goals. These limitations are sometimes referred to in project management as the triple constraint. To create a successful project, a project manager must consider scope, time, and cost and balance these three often-competing goals.
84. _____ tools, a step up from low-end tools, are designed to handle larger projects, multiple users, and multiple projects.
ANSWER: Midrange
74. _____ is "the application of knowledge, skills, tools, and techniques to project activities to meet project requirements."
ANSWER: Project management
79. _____ refers to the process in which organizations group and manage projects and programs as a portfolio of investments that contribute to the entire enterprise's success.
ANSWER: Project portfolio management
33. Galaxy, a construction company, buys a particular brand of tiles manufactured by Tiles and Floors, an eco-friendly tile manufacturing company. However, Tiles and Floors has declared bankruptcy and closed down. At present, Galaxy is facing a crisis because there are no other manufacturers in the market that supplies eco-friendly tiles. Which constraint is Galaxy currently facing? a. Resources b. Time c. Scope d. Cost
ANSWER: a Every project is constrained in different ways. For some projects, resources are the main concern.
46. Which tool can best help in efficient communication management? a. Kick-off meetings b. Impact matrices c. Requests for quotes d. Fast tracking
ANSWER: a Kick-off meetings are an important tool in project communication management. Other tools in project communication management are communications management plans, conflict management, communications media selection, and progress reports.
32. The role of a _____ is to provide direction and funding for a project. a. project sponsor b. project manager c. support staff member d. project team
ANSWER: a Most projects have many interested parties or stakeholders, but someone must take the primary role of sponsorship. The project sponsor usually provides the direction and funding for the project.
38. Project procurement management mainly involves: a. making effective use of the people involved with the project. b. buying goods and services for a project from outside the performing organization. c. generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information. d. identifying and analyzing stakeholder needs while managing and controlling their engagement.
ANSWER: b Project management knowledge areas describe the key competencies that project managers must develop. Project procurement management involves acquiring or procuring goods and services for a project from outside the performing organization.
35. Which knowledge area involves defining and managing all the work required to complete the project successfully? a. Project resource management b. Project scope management c. Project time management d. Project cost management
ANSWER: b Project management knowledge areas describe the key competencies that project managers must develop. Project scope management involves defining and managing all the work required to complete the project successfully.
44. A _____ is a tool used in quality management. a. probability matrix b. checklist c. request for proposal d. critical path analysis.
ANSWER: b Quality management uses include quality metrics, checklists, quality control charts, Pareto diagrams, and fishbone diagrams among others
53. Martha works as a project manager at a bank. Due to certain changes in external factors, Martha needs to make a few alterations in the tactical goals of her project. In such a scenario, which of the following will best help Martha cope with the change? a. Negotiation b. Project environment knowledge c. Motivation d. Soft skills
ANSWER: b The project environment differs from organization to organization and project to project, but some skills will help in almost all project environments. These skills include understanding change and understanding how organizations work within their social, political, and physical environments. Project managers must be comfortable leading and handling change, because most projects introduce changes in organizations and involve changes within the projects themselves.
49. Which of the following is true of program managers? a. They report to project managers who represent the next level in the hierarchy. b. They recognize that managing a program is simpler than managing a project. c. They provide leadership and direction for project managers heading the projects within a program. d. They are responsible solely for the delivery of project results.
ANSWER: c A program manager provides leadership and direction for the project managers heading the projects within a program. Program managers also coordinate the efforts of project teams, functional groups, suppliers, and operations staff supporting the projects to ensure that products and processes are implemented to maximize benefits.
30. Which characteristic highlights a difference between projects and operations? a. Projects are undertaken to sustain an organization's business whereas operations are not. b. Operations are undertaken to create unique products, services, or results whereas projects are not. c. Projects are temporary endeavors whereas an organization's operations are ongoing in nature. d. Operations have well-defined objectives whereas projects do not need to have a unique purpose.
ANSWER: c A project is "a temporary endeavor undertaken to create a unique product, service, or result." Operations, on the other hand, is work done in organizations to sustain the business.
48. Which statement is true of project management? a. It is a simple discipline with a limited scope. b. It has specific tools which work universally across all kinds of projects. c. It does not guarantee successes for all projects. d. Its framework consists solely of project management knowledge areas.
ANSWER: c Despite its advantages, project management is a very broad, often complex discipline. What works for one project may not work on another, so it is essential for project managers to continue to develop their knowledge and skills in managing projects.
60. Which attribute is true of low-end tools of project management software? a. They are designed for especially large projects with multiple users. b. Their main advantage is that they have unlimited functionality. c. They provide basic project management features. d. They are referred to as enterprise project management software.
ANSWER: c In project management software, low-end tools provide basic project management features and are often recommended for small projects and single users.
52. Which of the following questions reflects the strategic goals of project portfolio management? a. Are we carrying out projects well? b. Are projects on time and on budget? c. Are we investing in the right areas? d. Do stakeholders know what they should be doing?
ANSWER: c Project portfolio management addresses questions such as "Are we working on the right projects?", "Are we investing in the right areas?", and "Do we have the right resources to be competitive?"
43. In which of the following areas of management is payback analysis most likely to be used? a. Resource b. Communication c. Cost d. Quality
ANSWER: c Tools used in cost management include payback analysis, earned value management, project portfolio management, and cost estimates among others.
72. "What is the project's budget?" This is an example of a project's _____ constraint.
ANSWER: cost
77. Project _____ management consists of preparing and managing the budget for a project.
ANSWER: cost
54. Joe is a project manager in an IT company and has over the years, gained substantial knowledge in his area of work. However, while managing his team, he often loses his temper. In addition, he fails to be an active listener when his team members approach him with work related challenges. In which of the following areas does Joe need to develop his skills in? a. Application area knowledge b. Project environment knowledge c. Standards and regulations d. Human relations skills
ANSWER: d Achieving high performance on projects requires soft skills, otherwise called human relations skills. Project managers need good soft skills to understand, navigate, and meet stakeholders' needs and expectations. They need to be able to listen actively to what others are saying, help develop new approaches for solving problems, and then persuade others to work toward achieving project goals.
55. Which attribute best defines the role of leaders? a. They focus on short-term objectives. b. They work on achieving primarily tactical goals. c. They work solely toward day-to-day details of meeting specific tasks. d. They inspire people to reach goals.
ANSWER: d Generally, a leader focuses on long-term goals and big-picture objectives while inspiring people to reach those goals.
63. What is a difference between low-end and midrange tools of the project management software? a. Low-end tools are designed to handle primarily multiple users whereas midrange tools are created to handle single users. b. Low-end tools provide robust capabilities to handle dispersed workgroups whereas midrange tools do not. c. Midrange tools provide basic project management features whereas low-end tools offer enterprise and portfolio management functions. d. Midrange tools are designed to handle larger projects than low-end tools.
ANSWER: d In project management software, midrange tools are a step up from low-end tools. They are designed to handle larger projects, multiple users, and multiple projects.
50. Which goal distinguishes project management and portfolio management? a. Project management involves making wise investment decisions whereas portfolio management does not. b. Portfolio management is an easy task whereas project management is a more difficult task. c. Portfolio management asks questions like, "Are we carrying out projects efficiently?" whereas project management asks questions such as "Are we investing in the right areas?" d. Project management addresses specific, short-term goals whereas portfolio management focuses on long-term goals.
ANSWER: d Individual projects often address tactical goals, whereas portfolio management addresses strategic goals. Tactical goals are generally more specific and short-term than strategic goals.
37. Which project management knowledge area primarily involves generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information? a. Project cost management b. Project procurement management c. Project time management d. Project communications management
ANSWER: d Project management knowledge areas describe the key competencies that project managers must develop. Project communications management involves generating, collecting, disseminating, and storing project information.
36. Which project management knowledge area ensures that the project will satisfy the stated or implied needs for which it was undertaken? a. Project cost management b. Project time management c. Project risk management d. Project quality management
ANSWER: d Project management knowledge areas describe the key competencies that project managers must develop. Project quality management ensures that the project will satisfy the stated or implied needs for which it was undertaken.
62. Enterprise project management software is also known as a _____ tool of project management software. a. baseline b. midrange c. low-end d. high-end
ANSWER: d Project management software tools can be divided into three general categories based on functionality and price. One of these tools are high-end tools which are sometimes referred to as enterprise project management software.
47. A _____ is a tool used in risk management. a. work breakdown structure b. project organizational chart c. critical path analysis d. probability matrix
ANSWER: d Risk management plans, risk registers, probability/impact matrices, and risk rankings are different tools used in risk management.
40. An important tool for project scope management is _____. a. fast tracking b. a kickoff meeting c. a Gantt chart d. a work breakdown structure
ANSWER: d Scope management uses scope statements, work breakdown structures, statements of work, requirements analyses, scope management plans, scope verification techniques, and scope change controls.
34. Steve, an engineer in a construction company, is at present working on a home construction project. The home is being built for the Robinson family, the owners of the home. Steve is working with his project team and support staff to ensure the project is completed on time. In such a scenario, the project sponsor is _____. a. Steve b. the support staff c. the project team d. the Robinson family
ANSWER: d Stakeholders are the people involved in or affected by project activities, and include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, customers, among others. In a home construction project, the project sponsors would be the potential new homeowners.
51. A difference between strategic and tactical goals is: a. strategic goals are more specific than tactical goals. b. tactical goals encompass broader dimensions than strategic goals. c. tactical goals are more important for a project than strategic goals. d. strategic goals are long-term in nature whereas tactical goals are short-term.
ANSWER: d Tactical goals are generally more specific and short-term than strategic goals, which emphasize long-term goals for an organization.
75. Project management _____ describe the key competencies that project managers must develop.
ANSWER: knowledge areas
83. Ethics is a set of principles that guides decision making based on _____ of what is considered right and wrong.
ANSWER: personal values
85. High-end tools in project management software have enterprise and _____ functions that summarize and combine individual project information to provide an enterprise view of all projects.
ANSWER: portfolio management
76. Project _____ management includes estimating how long it will take to complete the work, developing an acceptable project schedule, and ensuring timely completion of a project.
ANSWER: schedule
70. The question, "What unique product, service, or result does the customer or sponsor expect from the project?" is an example of a(n) _____ constraint.
ANSWER: scope
71. The question, "What is the project's schedule?" is an example of a(n) _____ constraint.
ANSWER: time
69. In project management, the three limitations of scope, time, and cost are referred to as the _____.
ANSWER: triple constraint
22. Good project managers assume that their definition of success is the same as the sponsors. T/F
False Good project managers do not assume that their definition of success is the same as the sponsors. They take the time to understand their sponsors' expectations and then track project performance based on important success criteria.
18. Earned value management is a tool primarily used in resource management. T/F
False Project budgets, net present value, return on investment, payback analysis, and earned value management are tools used in cost management.
14. Project procurement management primarily involves identifying stakeholder needs while managing their engagement throughout the life of the project. T/F
False Project management knowledge areas describe the key competencies that project managers must develop. Project procurement management involves acquiring goods and services for a project from outside the performing organization.
7. Questions about how a team will track schedule performance is related to a project's scope. T/F
False Project scope deals with questions such as, "What work will be done as part of the project?", "What unique product, service, or result does the customer or sponsor expect from the project?", or "How will the scope be verified?"
13. The importance of stakeholders' needs and expectations is limited to the beginning of a project. T/F
False Stakeholders' needs and expectations are important in the beginning and throughout the life of a project. Successful project managers develop good relationships with project stakeholders to understand and meet their needs and expectations.
25. Individual projects always address strategic goals whereas portfolio management addresses tactical goals. T/F
False Tactical goals are generally more specific and short-term than strategic goals, which emphasize long-term goals for an organization. Individual projects often address tactical goals, whereas portfolio management addresses strategic goals.
28. The introduction of new software makes basic tools, such as Gantt charts and network diagrams, inexpensive and easy to create. T/.F
True ...and available for anyone to update. As computer hardware became smaller and more affordable and software companies developed graphical, easy-to-use interfaces, project management software became less expensive and more widely used.
4. Projects should be developed in increments. T/F
True A project is developed using progressive elaboration. Projects are often defined broadly when they begin, and as time passes, the specific details of the project become clearer. Therefore, projects should be developed in increments.
6. One of the main reasons why project management is challenging is because of the factor of uncertainty. T/F
True Every project is unique and thus it is sometimes difficult to define its objectives clearly, estimate how long it will take to complete, or determine how much it will cost. This is one of the main reasons project management is so challenging.
16. Project resource management is concerned with making effective use of the people involved with a project. T/F
True Project management knowledge areas describe the key competencies that project managers must develop. Project resource management is concerned with making effective use of the people and physical resources involved with the project.
21. Project managers work with the project sponsors to define success for particular projects. T/F
True Project managers work with the project sponsors, the project team, and other stakeholders to meet project goals. They also work with sponsors to define success for particular projects.
17. Stakeholder analyses, work requests, and project charters are tools used in integration management.
True Project selection methods, project management methodologies, stakeholder analyses, work requests, and project charters are some of the tools used in integration management.
20. Maturity models, statistical methods, and test plans are examples of tools used in quality management. T/F
True Quality metrics, maturity models, statistical methods, and test plans are some of the tools used in quality management.
11. A project's stakeholders include its customers, users, and suppliers. T/F
True Stakeholders include the project sponsor, project team, support staff, customers, users, suppliers, and even opponents of a project.