PMP: Project Quality Management

Inspection

Examination of work product to determine if it conforms to documented standards

Histograms

are a special form of bar chart and are used to describe the central tendency, dispersion and shape of a statistical distribution

Process Improvement Plan

Details the steps for analyzing project management and product development processes

Define Prevention and Inspection

Prevention: Keeping errors out of the process Inpsection:Keeping errors out of the hands of the customers

Seven Basic Quality Tools

1. Cause-and effect diagrams 2. Flowcharts 3. Checksheets 4. Pareto Diagrams 5. Histograms 6. Control Charts 7. Scatter Diagrams

Perform Quality Assurance (Outputs;4)

1. Change Requests 2. Project Management plan updates 3. Project documents updates 4. OPA updates

Four absolutes of Quality according to CROSBY

1. Conformance to requirements 2. Prevention 3. Zero Defects 4. Cost of nonconformance

Plan Quality Management (Tools & Techniques; 8)

1. Cost-Benefit Analysis 2. Cost of Quality (COQ) 3. Seven Basic Quality Tools 4. Benchmarking 5. Design of Experiments 6. Statistical Sampling 7. Additional Quality Planning Tools 8. Meetings

Genichi Taguchi's Quality approach

1. Effective productivity improvements 2. Design of experiments 3. Quality designed in, not inspected in 4. Minimize deviations from target 5. Measure cost of quality from standard

Control Quality (2 Key benefits)

1. Identifying the causes of poor process or product quality and recommending and/or taking action to eliminate them. 2. Validating that project deliverables and work meet the requirements specified by key stakeholders necessary for final acceptance.

Cost of Nonconformance (2 parts+ example)

1. Internal Failure Costs Rework, Scrap 2. External Failure Costs Liabilities, Warranty Work, Lost Business

Project Quality Management (Processes;3)

1. Plan Quality Management 2. Perform Quality Assurance 3. Control Quality

Cost of Conformance (2 parts+ examples)

1. Prevention Costs Training, Document processes, Equipment, Time to do it right 2. Appraisal Costs Testing, Destructive testing loss, Inspections

Control Quality (Inputs; 8)

1. Project Management Plan 2. Quality Metrics 3. Quality checklists 4. Work performance data 5. Approved change requests 6. Deliverables 7. Project Documents 8. OPA

Plan Quality Management (Inputs; 6)

1. Project Management Plan 2. Stakeholder Register 3. Risk Register 4. Requirements Documentations 5. Enterprise Environmental factors 6. OPA

Plan Quality Management (Outputs; 5)

1. Quality Management Plan 2. Process Improvement Plan 3. Quality Metrics 4. Quality Checklists 5. Project Documents Updates

Perform Quality Assurance (Inputs;5)

1. Quality Management Plan 2. Process Improvement plan 3. Quality metrics 4. Quality Control measurements 5. Project Documents

Control Quality (Outputs; 8)

1. Quality control measurements 2. Validated Changes 3. Verified Deliverables 4. Work Performance Information 5. Change Requests 6. Project Management plan updates 7. Project documents updates 8. Organizational process assets updates

Perform Quality Assurance (Tools & Techniques;3)

1. Quality management and control tools 2. Quality audits 3. Process analysis

Control Quality (Tools & Techniques;4)

1. Seven basic quality tools 2. Statistical Sampling 3. Inspection 4. Approved change requests review

Define "Attribute Sampling" and "Variables Sampling"

Attributes Sampling: the result either conforms or does not conform Variables Sampling: the result is rated on a continous scale that measures the degree of conformity

Shingo's quality approach

Automating quality checks Error proofing Mistake proofing Poka-yoke (avoid mistakes)

Commitment to Quality according to DEMING

Can be achieved if management is transformed from thought to action. Then, and only then, can individuals, seeing their leaders in action, subscribe to the view and sustain quality results.

FEIGENBAUM's quality approach

Father of TQM well defined products efficient distribution capability Stellar marketing techniques Customer service On-site support

Accuracy

Measure of correctness

Precision

Measure of exactness

Cause-and effect diagrams (Ishikawa or fishbone diagram)

The problem stated at the head of the fishbone is used as a starting point to trace the problem's source back to its actionables root cause.

Control Quality (Definition)

Process of monitoring and recording results of executing the quality activities to assess performance and recommend necessary changes

Trilogy according to JURAN

Quality improvement, Planning, Control

Quality Audit

Structured, independent process to determine if project activities comply with organizational and project policies, processes and procedures.

Quality improvement to JURAN

The Process for breaking through to unprecendented levels of performance. He also defined quality by the customer's perception that the end product was fit for their use

Quality control according to JURAN

The Process for meeting quality goals during operations

Quality planning according to JURAN

The Process for preparing to meet quality goals

Define "Tolerances" and "Control Limits"

Tolerances: Specified Range of acceptable results Control Limits: that identify the boundaries of common variation in a statistically stable process or process performance

Checksheets (tally sheets)

Used to organize facts in a manner that will facilitate the effective collection of useful data about a potential quality problem

Grade

category assigned to deliverables having the same functional use but different technical characteristics

Quality Management Plan

component of the project management plan that describes how the organization's quality policies will be implemented.

Quality

degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfill requirements

Quality Metrics

describes a project or product attribute and how the control quality process will measure it.

Flowcharts (process maps)

display sequence of steps and the branching possibilities that exist for a process that transforms one or more inputs into one or more outputs.

Pareto diagrams

exist as a special form of vertical bar chart and are used to identify the vital few sources that are responsible for causing most of a problem's effect

Cost of Quality (COQ)

includes all costs incurred over the life of the product by investment in preventing nonconformance to requirements, appraising the product or service for conformance to requirements, and failing to meet requirement (rework)

Statistical Sampling

involves choosing part of a population of interest for inspection.

Benchmarking

involves comparing actual or planned project practices to those of comparable projects to identify best practices.

Design of Experiments

is a statistical method for identifying which factors may influence specific variables of a product or process under development or in production.

Scatter Diagrams (correlation charts)

plot ordered pairs (X,Y) and are sometimes called correlation charts because they seek to explain a change in the dependent variable, Y, in relationship to a change in the corresponding independent variable, X.

Perform Quality Assurance

process of auditing the quality requirements and the results from quality control measurements to ensure appropriate quality standards and operational definitions

Plan Quality management (Definition+Key Benefit)

process of identifying quality requirements or standards for the project and its deliverables and documenting how the project will demonstrate compliance with relevant quality requirements; Key benefit: It provides guidance and direction how quality will be managed and validated throughout the project.

Quality Checklist

structured tool used to verify that a set of required steps has been performed

Control Charts

used to determine whether a process is stable or has predictable performance.