PN 150 Ch 49 Prepu

Which of the following hormones controls secretion of adrenal androgens? Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Parathormone Calcitonin

ACTH

The primary function of the thyroid gland includes which of the following? Control of cellular metabolic activity Facilitation of milk ejection Reabsorption of water Reduction of plasma level of calcium

Control of cellular metabolic activity

The adrenal cortex is responsible for producing which substances? Glucocorticoids and androgens Catecholamines and epinephrine Mineralocorticoids and catecholamines Norepinephrine and epinephrine

Glucocorticoids and androgens

A client has returned to the floor after having a thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer. What laboratory finding may be an early indication of parathyroid gland injury or removal? Hyponatremia Hypophosphatemia Hypocalcemia Hypokalemia

Hypocalcemia rational: Injury or removal of the parathyroid glands may produce a disturbance in calcium metabolism and result in a decline of calcium levels (hypocalcemia). As the blood calcium levels fall, hyperirritability of the nerves occurs, with spasms of the hands and feet and muscle twitching. This group of symptoms is known as tetany and must be reported to the physician immediately, because laryngospasm may occur and obstruct the airway.

The nurse's assessment of a client with thyroidectomy suggests tetany and a review of the most recent blood work corroborates this finding. The nurse should prepare to administer what intervention? Oral calcium chloride and vitamin D IV calcium gluconate STAT levothyroxine Administration of parathyroid hormone (PTH)

IV calcium gluconate rational: When hypocalcemia and tetany occur after a thyroidectomy, the immediate treatment is administration of IV calcium gluconate. This has a much faster therapeutic effect than PO calcium or vitamin D supplements.

The hypothalamus fine tunes and regulates the release of hormones through what? Negative feedback systems Indirect feedback systems Direct local input Direct release of hormones into blood stream

Negative feedback systems

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) has which effects on the kidney? Stimulation of calcium reabsorption and phosphate excretion Stimulation of phosphate reabsorption and calcium excretion Increased absorption of vitamin D and excretion of vitamin E Increased absorption of vitamin E and excretion of vitamin D

Stimulation of calcium reabsorption and phosphate excretion

A nurse explains to a client with thyroid disease that the thyroid gland normally produces: iodine and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH). thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and TSH. TSH, triiodothyronine (T3), and calcitonin. T3, thyroxine (T4), and calcitonin.

T3, thyroxine (T4), and calcitonin.

The physiology instructor is discussing negative feedback systems in endocrine activity. What would be the instructor's best explanation of the purpose of the negative feedback system in endocrine activity? To change the environment of the pituitary gland To regulate hormone release To maintain hormone concentration at a certain level To control the action of hormones

To maintain hormone concentration at a certain level

The nurse is assessing mental and emotional status in a client about to begin therapy for an endocrine disorder. Which of the following would the nurse test to assess the client's mental and emotional status? Ability to respond to questions Motor function Sleep and awake cycles Facial expression

ability to respond to questions rational: The client's ability to process information and respond to questions can help the nurse evaluate mental and emotional status.

A nurse understands that for the parathyroid hormone to exert its effect, what must be present? Decreased phosphate level Adequate vitamin D level Functioning thyroid gland Increased calcium level

adequate vit d levels rational: Adequate vitamin D must be present for parathyroid hormone to help regulate calcium metabolism. Vitamin D promotes calcium absorption from the intestines.

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory order for a client suspected of having an endocrine disorder. The lab slip includes obtaining cortisol levels. What is being tested? adrenal function thyroid function thymus function parathyroid function

adrenal function

A client with Cushing syndrome as a result of a pituitary tumor has been admitted for a transsphenoidal hypophysectomy. What would be most important for the nurse to monitor before, during, and after surgery? Blood glucose Assessment of urine for blood Weight Oral temperature

blood glucose rational: Before, during, and after this surgery, blood glucose monitoring and assessment of stools for blood are carried out.

The nurse is assessing a client diagnosed with Graves disease. What physical characteristics of Graves disease would the nurse expect to find? Hair loss Moon face Bulging eyes Fatigue

bulging eyes rational: Clinical manifestations of the endocrine disorder Graves disease include exophthalmos (bulging eyes) and fine tremor in the hands.

A client with hypofunction of the adrenal cortex has been admitted to the medical unit. What would the nurse most likely find when assessing this client? Increased body temperature Jaundice Copious urine output Decreased blood pressure

decreased blood pressure

What skin findings should a nurse pay particular attention to in a client with a history of endocrine problems? Skin breaks that heal quickly Excessive hair growth or loss Susceptibility to sunburn Rashes

excessive hair growth or loss rational: While assessing skin findings related to the endocrine system, the nurse inspects the skin for excessive oiliness or dryness, excessive or absent areas of pigmentation, excessive hair growth or loss, and skin breaks that heal poorly.

A client has been experiencing a decrease in serum calcium. After diagnostics, the physician proposes the calcium level fluctuation is due to altered parathyroid function. What is the typical number of parathyroid glands? four three two one

four

A nurse caring for a client with diabetes insipidus is reviewing laboratory results. What is an expected urinalysis finding? Glucose in the urine Albumin in the urine Highly dilute urine Leukocytes in the urine

highly dilute urine

Although not designated as endocrine glands, several organs within the body secrete hormones as part of their normal function. Which organ secretes hormones involved in increasing blood pressure and volume and maturation of red blood cells? kidneys cardiac atria brain liver

kidneys

Cardiac effects of hyperthyroidism include decreased pulse pressure. decreased systolic BP. bradycardia. palpitations.

palpitations Cardiac effects may include sinus tachycardia, increased pulse pressure, and palpitations. Systolic BP is elevated.

Which glands regulate calcium and phosphorous metabolism? Parathyroid Thyroid Adrenal Pituitary

parathyoid

During a follow-up visit to the physician, a client with hyperparathyroidism asks the nurse to explain the physiology of the parathyroid glands. The nurse states that these glands produce parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH maintains the balance between calcium and: sodium. potassium. magnesium. phosphorus.

phosphorus rational: PTH increases the serum calcium level and decreases the serum phosphate level.

A client reports difficulty falling asleep on a nightly basis. The physician suspects a lack of melatonin. What endocrine gland secretes melatonin? pineal gland thymus gland parathyroid gland thyroid gland

pineal gland

The nurse is caring for a client with Addison disease who is scheduled for discharge. When teaching the client about hormone replacement therapy, the nurse should address what topic? The possibility of precipitous weight gain The need for lifelong steroid replacement The need to match the daily steroid dose to immediate symptoms The importance of monitoring liver function

the need for lifelong steroid replacement