Pneumatics
what does the body of the pressure regulator do?
the body houses the mechanical components. In the body there is an inlet port, an outlet port, and vent holes.
Number of ports
there can be 2-port, 3-port, 4-port, or 5-port
Gauge block tees
these are often directly connected to pressure gauges because they allow easy connection of a pressure gauge to monitor the pressure in a line.
Piston seals
these are used to separate the chambers of the cylinder.
Why are conductors needed?
they are needed to transmit air between pneumatic system components.
bi-directional
they can turn in either direction.
uni-directional
they turn in one direction
what does the Poppet of the pressure regulator do?
this controls the downstream pressure by restricting the air flow.
What does the piston of the pressure regulator do?
this is attached to one end of the poppet to provide a surface for the spring to push on.
What is the air filter designed to do?
this is designed to clean the air before it enters the pneumatic system. It also removes water droplets from the air supply.
outlet port
this is where the adjusted air pressure exits the regulator.
inlet port
this is where the supply air enters the regulator.
Vent holes
this keeps the pressure from building too high inside the regulator.
where is pnematics used in transportation?
truck brakes, air shock absorbers, and vehicle control devices
pneumatic motors
An actuator that converts compressed air flow into rotary motion.
Fluid power Circuit line symbols
A solid line is a main line A dashed line is a pilot line. A dotted line is an exhaust or drain. A line with a half circle in it is a flexible line. __ _ __ _ <-- this is an enclosure line.
how are pneumatics and hydraulic similar?
Actuators can be stopped without damaging them. Actuators motion can be linear or rotary. Actuators speed is easy to control.
Advantages of pneumatics?
Higher speeds can be obtained with pneumatics. Pneumatics cannotleak oil so they are better suited to applications such as textiles or electronics. pneumatics system components are lower in cost than hydraulic components.
What are the two types of 3/2 DCVs
N.C. (normally closed) and N.O. (normally open)
the three standards
National Fluid Power Association (NFPA), American National Standards Institute (ANSI), International Organization for Standardization (IOS).
5-port, 3-position DCV operation
Pushing the operator handle causes the spool to shift. This allows the air to pass through ports P and A to the cap-end of the cylinder. The air flow pushed out from the rod-end of the cylinder is allowed to return to the atmosphere through ports B and EB. This all causing the cylinder to extend.
what do valves do?
Valves control direction, pressure, and flow of pressurized gas in the actuator lines of the pneumatic system.
What are the 3 common available designs of pneumatic motors
Vane/rotor, Axial Piston, and Radial Piston.
operation of a 3/2 directional control valve
When the valve is actuated, port A and port P are connected to allow compressed air to extend the cylinder.
A double-acting cylinder consists of
a piston, rod, body, and ports.
The 5-port, 3-position DCV consists of
a valve body, operator, spool, and springs.
How is a cylinder's movement changed?
by changing the direction of flow.
most pneumatic power inout devices have...
eletric motor, compressor, storage tank, and supply line.
pneumatic motor components
housing, rotor, shaft, and vanes
order of air filter operation
inlet port-> deflector plate -> filter bowl -> filter element -> outlet port -> manual drain -> baffle
What is pressure?
it is the intensity of force created when a force from one object acts over the area of another.
A quick connect fitting consists of
male and female fittings. Female fittings have a check valve. A male fitting doesn't have a check valve and remains open to the atmosphere when it is disconnected.
what is pneumatics used in?
manufactoring, transportation, construction
What does each actuator line do?
one line carries the air from the control devices to the actuator. The other one carries air away from the actuator.
Disadvantages of pneumatics
pneumatic systems usually don't operate above 150 psi, suiting them only for lower force applications. The compressibility of the gas causes pneumatic actuator motion to be rough, not smooth like hydraulics.
five basic components of pneumatics
power input device, control devices, power output devices, conductors, and gas.
fluid pressure
pressure produced by pneumatic fluid
where is pnematics used in manufacturing?
robots, power tools, and painting
where is pnematics used in constructions?
rock drills, pneumatic drill, air chisel
6.895 =
1 psi
6 safety rules about pneumatics?
1. Do not point compressed air at eyes, ears, mouth, nose, or skin. 2. Properly secure any hose or device that contains compressed air. 3. Use proper pressure when cleaning with air. 4. Wear safety glasses 5. Use containers strong enough to safely hold compressed air. 6. Avoid continuous noise pressure.
Seven basic rules when drawing pneumatic schematics
1. Symbols may be rotated or reversed 2. show lines either horizontally or vertically 3. use standard methods to show connecting lines 4. Symbols show connections, flow paths, and functions only. 5. Draw each symbol to show de-energized condition. 6. letters with graphic symbols are optional 7. An open arrow indicated flow of air.
Number of positions
2 or 3 positions
1 psi =
6895 Pa
What is the function of a 3/2 pneumatic DCV
A 3-port directional control valve is normally used to operate a single-acting cylinder.
Double-acting Cylinder
A cylinder that uses the force of a fluid to move the piston in both directions.
Rod seals
A flexible seal is placed around the piston rod to prevent external leakage.
What are three examples of types of valves?
Flow control Valves, Directional Control valves, pressure regulator valves.
Schematic symbols
Flow line, Pilot ling, spring, pressure gauge, self bleeding feature.
pneumatics
Fluid power system based on the use of air or another gas.
What is gas used for in pneumatic sytems? How is it stored?
Gas is used as a medium to transmit the power. this gas is stored under pressure in a tank.
air filter components
Inlet port, deflector plate, filter element, baffle, bowl, manual drain, outlet port.
What is a supply line
It connects the compressed air source to the control devices.
Cylinder function and applications
It is an actuator that converts fluid power into straight-line mechanical power. It's used in robots and material transfer stations.
Types of operator
Solenoid, Manual, Pneumatic Pilot, and Spings
What does a pressure gauge indicate? Why do technicians read them?
The amount of pressure in a pneumatic system. Technicians read them to determine if the machine is operating properly.
The compressed air comes from?
The atmosphere. Because of this the air supply can contain dust, pollution, and other particles that are too small to see.
What does the vent holes of the pressure regulator do?
This keeps the pressure from building too high inside the regulator.
What does the Adjustment Spring of the pressure regulator do?
The spring allows for a smooth adjustment of the regulator.
Hydraulics
The use of a liquid flowing under pressure to transmit power from one location to another.
what do Mufflers do?
They are placed in the exhaust port of the DCV
How are single-acting pneumatic cylinders powered?
They are powered by compressed air in one direction only.
What does the pilot Hole of the pressure regulator do?
This allows the outlet pressure to push on the bottom of the piston.
What does the Poppet Spring of the pressure regulator do?
This causes the poppet to close and restrict air flow.
What does the Adjustment Knob of the pressure regulator do?
This changes the compression on the spring which controls the level of downstream pressure.
Rod bushing
This holds the piston in place and helps support the rod as it extends.
What is a power output device?
This is where pneumatic power is converted into mechanical power.