POLI SCI

What ten measures do Marx and Engels argue will be generally applicable to the proletariat assumption of political power?

1. Abolition of property in land and application of all rents of land to public purposes. 2. A heavy progressive or graduated income tax. 3. Abolition of all rights of inheritance. 4. Confiscation of the property of all emigrants and rebels. 5. Centralisation of credit in the hands of the state, by means of a national bank with State capital and an exclusive monopoly. 6. Centralisation of the means of communication and transport in the hands of the State. 7. Extension of factories and instruments of production owned by the State; the bringing into cultivation of waste-lands, and the improvement of the soil generally in accordance with a common plan. 8. Equal liability of all to work. Establishment of industrial armies, especially for agriculture. 9. Combination of agriculture with manufacturing industries; gradual abolition of all the distinction between town and country by a more equable distribution of the populace over the country. 10. Free education for all children in public schools. Abolition of children's factory labour in its present form. Combination of education with industrial production.

Into what one sentence can the Communists condense their theory? Explain.

Abolition of private property

What two classes face each other in the current epoch?

Bourgeoisie and the proletarians

All previous history is the history of what?

History of class struggles

After the proletariat revolution, what appears in "place of the old bourgeois society" (296)?

In place of the old bourgeois society, with its classes and class antagonisms, we shall have an association, in which the free development of each is the condition for the free development of all.

What has the bourgeoisie accomplished in the world (283-284)?

It has accomplished wonders far surpassing Egyptian pyramids, Roman aqueducts, and Gothic cathedrals; it has conducted expeditions that put in the shade all former Exoduses of nations and crusades.

What does Marx mean when he writes, "What the bourgeoisise produces ... is its own grave diggers" (290)?

Marx means that capitalism contains its own destruction. The further capitalism develops it will only create more hostility and opposition between the bourgeoisie and the proletariats.

How do Marx and Engels respond to the objection that the Communists will abolish countries and national spirit?

Marx replies that workingmen have no country; and we can't take from them what they don't have.

How do Marx and Engels respond to the objection that the Communists will abolish the family?

Marx writes that the modern family is based on capital and private gain. The Communists "plead guilty" to wanting to do away with present familial relations, in that they want to stop the exploitation of children by their parents. Similarly, they do not want to altogether abolish the education of children, but simply to free it from the control of the ruling class

"All previous historical movements were movements" of what (290)?

Minorities, in the interest of minorities

What is the first step in the working class revolution?

Raise the proletariat to the position of the ruling class to win the battle of democracy.

In what relation do the Communists stand to the proletarians as a whole?

The Communists do not form a separate party opposed to the other working-class parties. They have no interests separate and apart from those of the proletariat as a whole.

What is the bourgeoisie? How has it developed through history?

The bourgeoisie are the middle class, they own most of the society's wealth and means of production. They employ the proletarians.

What are the immediate aims of the Communists

The immediate aims of the Communists are the formation of the proletariat into a class, the overthrowing of the bourgeois supremacy, and the conquest of political power by the proletariat.

What "chases the bourgeoisie over the whole globe?"

The needs of a constantly expanding market for its products.

What distinguishes the proletariat from the other classes that "stand face to face with the bourgeoisie?" (289.)

The proletariat alone is a really revolutionary class.

What is the proletariat?

They are the lowest class of citizens in ancient Rome and are considered to be the working class.

According to Marx and Engles, the proletarians have nothing to lose but what? What do they have to win?

They have nothing to lose but their chains and they have a world to win.

The bourgeoisie cannot exist without what?

Without constantly revolutionizing the instruments of production.