Policing Chapter 2
What are the enduring features of American policing in which the British Heritage contributed to?
-Decentralized and fragmented police system -Tradition of limited police authority -Tradition of local control
The Wickersham Commission Report found that the police practiced:
-Extensive methods of mental and physical abuse to extract confessions -Threatened suspects with worse punishment -Them illegally for protracted questioning
What are the dilemmas that face policing in the 21st century?
-Fiscal Crisis -Research Revolution -Police Corruption -Police and Community Relations
During the 1800s US police corruption period, the reforms of this period did not:
-Have substantive ideas about police administration -Improve recruitment standards -Improve training -Improve supervision -Excessive force -Race discrimination
What is the relevance of police history?
-Highlight the fact of change -Put problems into perspective -Help us understand which reforms have worked -Alert us to the unintended consequences of reform
What forces brought about change in American policing in the early 1900s?
-Improvements in Communication Technology -The professional Movement (Professional Era)
What were the important law enforcement agencies that appeared in the years before World World I?
-The state police -Bureau of Investigation (renamed the Federal Bureau of Investigation)
What were the important institutions of Colonial America?
-Sheriff -The constable -The watch -Slave patrols
The police in the National Spotlight (reports by):
-The American Bar Association -The Kerner Commission -The Commission of Accreditation for Law Enforcement Agencies
What are the eras of American Policing?
-The political Era -The Professional Era -The Era of Conflicting Pressures
The London police department was:
An HIGHLY CENTRALIZED agency with HIGHLY PROFESSIONAL officials
Prior to the 11th century, the security in England was:
An individual matter; "Kin policing"
When did slave patrols exist and where?
As early as 1700 in southern states. Some operated 24 hours a day, seven days a week.
What was the first MAJOR CITY to sponsor a police force?
Boston
New York Force was:
Decentralized; administered at the local ward level by amateurs who were selected on the basis of political affiliation. Recruited officers primarily from ethnic neighborhoods
What are slave patrols?
Distinctly American form of law enforcement and precursor to the modern American system of policing.
Who developed the first LARGE POLICE FORCE and introduced uniforms in 1853?
New York City
What was the purpose of slave patrols?
To guard against slave revolts and capture runaway slaves.
What was the purpose of the Wickersham Commission Report?
To study and recommend improvements for police performance
