Poll Everywhere Questions Exam 1

At high temperature, asparagine and glutamine residues undergo deamidation, releasing ammonia. When both asparagine (San) residues were changed to aspartic acid (Asp) residues of the enzyme triosephosphate isomerase, the resulting enzyme was: A. Unstable even at ambient temperature and had low enzymatic activity B. Stable even at 100deg.C and enhanced the thermostability of the enzyme

A

Find the correct answer: A. Ortholog genes occur in different species and share same function B. Analog genes occur in same species and have different functions

A

For error-prone PCR method, low fidelity Taq DNA polymerase should be used to generate mutation. This enzyme lacks A. 3'->5' exonuclease activity B. 5'->3' exonuclease activity

A

In NGS, what does the reference genome refer to: A. A sequence that is already known, and can be used for alignment B. A new alignment sequence that has been identified using the bridge amplification method C. An artificially derived sequence that allows for alignment D. A sequence from a virally infected cell

A

Somatrogon is a growth hormone with a longer half-life than natural somatropin due to A. Engineered fusion recombinant protein with three additional C-terminus peptides from human chorionic gonadotropin B. Improved formulation with additional pegylation process

A

What did the 'genomics' era focus on? A. Sequencing whole genomes B. Studying individual genes and their functions C. Investigating inherited traits and genetic disorders D. Analyzing the structure and function of DNA E. Examining RNA sequences

A

Select the true statements about SDS-PAGE, a method of separating proteins. Assume that SDS-PAGE is performed under reducing conditions A. Smaller proteins migrate faster through the polyacrylamide gel B. Proteins are separated in a polyacrylamide gel matrix C. Protein-SDS complexes migrate toward the negative electrode D. Sodium dodecyl sulfate binds proteins, resulting in SDS-protein complexes that are similar in  size

A, B

Chromosome rearrangements between chromosome 9 and 22 can be detected by A. Micronuclei assay B. Multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization C. Sister chromatid assay D. AMES assay

B

Differential expression analysis of RNA sequencing can tell you: A. How much DNA is in one cell type compared to another B. The relative abundance of RNA corresponding to different genes in one cell type compared with another C. How much promoter methylation is found in one condition compared to another D. How well genes line up to a reference genome E. Both B and C

B

For in vitro mutagenesis to generate a point mutation in a protein, the mutation is initially engineered in ________________________ A. M13+ strand B. Oligonucleotide C. Mulitple cloning site

B

In the example of a trial of protein engineering of T4 lysozyme, to improve the thermostability of the enzyme without interfering its enzyme activity, pseudo wild type (wt) and 6 variants of the enzyme were made. Better engineered T4 enzyme variants are: A. A and C variants B. B and D variants C. C and D variants

B

Proteomics addresses questions such as: A. Which genes are upregulated in response to lower temperatures in a culture of bacteria? B. Is the abundance of the protein p53 altered between primary and metastatic tumor cells?

B

Recombinant streptokinase contains a modification from lysine 59 to glutamine 59 since glutamine does not have positive charge. This change is made to A. Increase thermostability B. Increase resistance to proteases C. Increase enzyme specificity

B

We have discussed genetic engineering of a calcium-independent subtilisin. The native enzyme is highly active but loses almost all of its activity during manufacturing process. Which step should take place first for mutagenesis? A. Addition of disulfide bonds to stabilize the protein structure B. Removal of calcium binding domain C. Combination of multiple random mutations to improve enzyme activity

B

Which of the following is NOT correct? A. In UniPort you can find well-organized information on a given protein all brought together in a single location B. AlphaFold software can accurately predict the structure of new mutated proteins C. In Protein Data Bank (PDB) you can find the experimentally-determined tertiary structure of a protein D. AlphaFold is an artificial intelligence program that can predict the three-dimensional structure of a protein

B

__________________ is caused by mutations in a single gene A. Down syndrome B. Hemophilia A

B

____________________ is a rare inherited genetic disease with autosomal recessive mode. People with the disease lack the enzymatic ability to recognize DNA damage called "pyrimidine dimers" induced by ultraviolet light A. Ataxia Telangiectasia B. Xeroderma pigmentosum C. Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome

B

Overexpression of HER2 can cause _______________ (disease), detected by ____________ (assay) and ______________ (drug) can be given to those patients with HER2-positive. Fill in the blank

Breast cancer - FISH - Trastuzumab, antibody

Base analogs have a chemical structure almost identical to that of a DNA base. It allows the addition of incorrect nucleotides to the opposite strand during replication. An example of base analogs is A. Proflavin B. Hydroxylamine C. 5-Bromouracil D. Nitrous acid

C

Chose FALSE statement on DNA shuffling: A. For a family of several related genes such as interferon-alpha, it is possible to recombine portions of the genes or cDNAs to produce chimeric forms B. The simplest way to generate engineered proteins via DNA shuffling is through the use of common restriction enzyme sites C. DNA shuffling is to manipulate the DNA sequence of a cloned gene to create an altered protein using mismatched oligonucleotide

C

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is commonly caused by out-of-frame intragenic deletions of one or more exons, which produce premature transcript termination and lead to loss of the dystrophin protein. Choose a treatment option A. PROTACs (proteolysis targeting chimera) protein degradation therapy B. CRISPR targeting a triplet CAG (cytosine, adenine, and guanine) expansion C. Exon skipping antisense oligomers to reframe transcripts

C

For oligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis using plasmid DNA, we first insert the target DNA into a multiple cloning site (MCS) on a plasmid vector. This vector should contain A. Ampicillin resistance (Ampr) gene to be manipulated B. Tetracycline resistance (Tet r) gene to be manipulated C. Both Ampicillin resistance (Ampr) and Tetracycline resistance (Tet r) genes to be manipulated

C

Which drug is NOT made by recombinant DNA technology? A. Insulin B. Erythropoietin C. Aspirin D. Factor VIII

C

Which human genetic disorder is not associated with abnormal chromosome numbers? A. Down's syndrome B. Klinefelter's syndrome C. Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome

C

Which is an example of monogenic neurological disorders? A. Alzheimer's disease B. Parkinson disease C. Huntington's disease

C

Which of the statements is NOT correct? A. Proteomics relies mainly on mass spectrometry B. A critical step of mass spectrometry is the conversion of the proteins into gas-phase ions C. The enzymatic digestion of the proteins is the last step of the mass spectrometry-based proteomics workflow D. A mass spectrometry-based proteomics experiment may include gel electrophoresis

C

_____________________ cause(s) double strand breaks A. Depurination B. UV light C. Ionizing radiations

C

__________________________________ is an excision repair pathway that recognizes pyrimidine dimers A. Double strand break repair B. Base excision repair C. Nucleotide excision repair

C

Which of the following statements are correct? A. BLAST is an alignment tool used to compare only DNA seqeunces B. ClustalW is used to align two sequences of DNA C. BLAST enables the comparison of a query sequence with a database of sequences D. BLAST may help researchers identify homologous proteins

C, D

Sequence alignment helps scientists: A. To trace out evolutionary relationships B. To tell whether an uncharacterized genomic DNA sequence is likely to contain or be part of a protein-coding gene C. To predict the protein structure of an uncharacterized polypeptide chain D. All of the above

D

What is the difference between the study of genomics and the study of genetics? A. Genomics focuses on the study of individual genes, while genetics examines all genes in the cell B. Genomics is the study of inherited traits, while genetics is concerned with the structure and function of DNA. C. Genomics analyzes the interactions of genes within an organism, whereas genetics looks at the interactions between groups of genes within an individual cell D. Genomics involves the analysis of an organism's entire DNA, while genetics deals with the study of individual genes E. Genetics studies only human genes, while genomics encompasses the study of genes in all living organisms

D

Which of the following statements is incorrect? A. Pharmacogenomics uses information about a person's genome to choose the drugs and drug doses that are likely to work best for that particular person B. Genomic biomarkers may describe genotype-specific dosing C. Pharmacogenomics is one of the emerging approaches to personalized medicine D. Pharmacogenomics investigates the specific genetic effects of different drugs in patients with the same disease

D

Choose Huntingtin-Lowering Approaches: A. RNA interference B. Antisense oligonucleotide C. CRISPR targeting HTT D. PROTACS protein degradation therapy E. All of the above

E

What type of sequencing would you carry out if you wanted to find out what genes are expressed in a given cell type? A. Whole genome sequencing B. Whole exome sequencing C. Sanger sequencing D. Methyl sequencing E. RNA sequencing

E

True or False: Cystic fibrosis is known as an autosomal recessive disease. The disease is caused by mutation in 6 different genes of ion-gated channels

False

True or False: Proteomes do not change over time

False

True or False: Reducing the number of free sulfhydryl residue in interferon-beta by changing cysteine 17 to serine 17 prevents the oligomerization of interferon-beta in E.coli. Cysteine 17 is involved in intra-molecular disulfide bonding important for thermostability

False

True or False: Sister Chromatid Exchange is a non-symmetrical exchange of chromosomes

False

True or False: Trisomy can be detected by AMES test

False

True or False: Trisomy in tumors can be detected by Multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization

True