PolSci

Political regime can be divided into: a. democracy, totalitarianism, authoritarianism b. unitary, federal, confederal c. monarchy and democracy d. first, second, third

a. democracy, totalitarianism, authoritarianism

*Who developed the first typologies of political parties, including the categories of mass and cadre parties? a. Moisei Ostrogorski b. Edmund Burke c. Robert Michels d. Maurice Duverger

a. Moisei Ostrogorski

What is the main purpose of the system of checks and balances in government? a. To prevent abuses of power and maintain accountability b. To concentrate power in one branch of government c. To limit the role of the judiciary branch d. To ensure the dominance of the executive branch

a. To prevent abuses of power and maintain accountability

According to the article (Primbetova, M. et al., 2022), why does energy consumption have a negative impact on environmental deterioration in Kazakhstan? a. Because more than 90% of Kazakhstan's energy demand is fulfilled by fossil fuels. b. Because economic globalization contributes to environmental degradation in the near term. c. Because social globalization has a negative impact on carbon emissions. d. Because energy consumption is not a major contributor to environmental deterioration

a. Because more than 90% of Kazakhstan's energy demand is fulfilled by fossil fuels.

What type of political ideology focuses on tradition, inherited rights and practices, ways of doing things that have stood the test of time? a. Conservatism b. Socialism c. Liberalism d. Nationalism

a. Conservatism

Who considered politics as the authoritative allocation of values? a. David Easton b. Harold Laswell c. Andrew Heywood d. Henry Sidgwick

a. David Easton

What is the MAIN threat of cyberspace for Russia, Kazakhstan and China? a. Destabilization of political environments by disinformation b. Monopolization the market c. The criminal purposes, including the commission of computer crimes and various types of fraud d. Computer attacks on information infrastructure

a. Destabilization of political environments by disinformation

What are the types of Democracy: a. Direct and representative b. Direct and constitutional c. Direct, representative, mixed d. Direct, constitutional, mixed

a. Direct and representative

Which subfield of political science study of one's nation's policies and policy development? a. Domestic policy b. Comparative policy c. International policy d. All mentioned

a. Domestic policy

What functions of parties were distinguished by Anson Morse a. education and organization of public opinion/ the administration of government b. union, recruitment c. enthusiasm, instruction d. mobilizing citizens and recruiting leaders

a. education and organization of public opinion/ the administration of government

What is the relationship between economic and political globalization and carbon emissions in Kazakhstan (Primbetova, M. et al., 2022) ? a. Economic and political globalization have a negative and substantial impact on carbon emissions. b. Economic and political globalization have a positive impact on carbon emissions. c. Economic globalization has a negative impact on carbon emissions, while political globalization has a positive impact. d. Economic and political globalization do not have any impact on carbon emissions. верно

a. Economic and political globalization have a negative and substantial impact on carbon emissions.

The word idéologie first made its appearance in French, when it was introduced by a philosopher, A.-L.-C. Destutt de Tracy. What historical event led to that? a. French Revolution b. Industrial Revolution c. World War I d. World War II

a. French Revolution

Who distinguished 3 ideal types of legitimate rule? a. Max Weber b. Karl Marx c. Ellen Grigsby d. French and Raven

a. Max Weber

What is the term for the ability to influence someone to act in a way that is contrary to their own will a. Power b. Legitimacy c. Law d. Charisma

a. Power

According to Aday how social media impact on democracy? a. Promotes freedom of expression b. Promotes hate and extreme views and in some cases violence c. They allow for the rampant spread of misinformation d. All the mentioned

a. Promotes freedom of expression

What is Disinformation? a. The intentionally false meaning, which actors spread and know to be false b. An unfair negative attitude toward a social group or a member of that group c. Is information that is false, but the person who is disseminating it believes that it is true d. All the mentioned

a. The intentionally false meaning, which actors spread and know to be false

What does 'bipolarity" mean in the world politics? a. The presence or rivalry between two superpowers b. The hegemony of one hyperpower state c. The presence or rivalry between three and more superpowers d. The notion of the world as a united polity

a. The presence or rivalry between two superpowers

What type of legitimate rule is represented by the Japanese Emperor or The Vatican? a. Traditional b. Rational c. Legal d. Charismatic

a. Traditional

What do civic citizens in Kazakhstan demonstrate? a. Trust in the political system and its democratic credentials. b. A strong longing for the past. c. Optimism and eagerness towards community involvement. d. A sense of apathy or disengagement from politics.

a. Trust in the political system and its democratic credentials.

What is an Electoral System? a. a general term for the rules governing an election, including the structure of the ballot, the electoral formula and districting b. a group identified by name and ideology that fields candidates at elections in order to win public office and control government c. an association that pressures government for policies it favors d. an organization with a set of rules and practices that inform its members about their relationships with one another and how they should interact

a. a general term for the rules governing an election, including the structure of the ballot, the electoral formula and districting

What is a political party? a. a group identified by name and ideology that fields candidates at elections in order to win public office and control government b. a general term for the rules governing an election, including the structure of the ballot, the electoral formula and districting c. a set of rules and practices that inform its members about their relationships with one another and how they should interact d. a realm where citizens associate according to their own interests and wishes

a. a group identified by name and ideology that fields candidates at elections in order to win public office and control government

Choose the relevant definition of civil society a. a realm where citizens associate according to their own interests and wishes b. a set of rules and practices that inform its members about their relationships with one another and how they should interact c. an organized group of people with at least roughly similar political aims and opinions, that seeks to influence public policy by getting its candidates elected to public office d. organizations that claim a monopoly on the legitimate use of violence in a certain territory

a. a realm where citizens associate according to their own interests and wishes

Choose the right explanation of Trait theory a. concentrates on the qualities and traits of leaders b. emphasizes that the leader provides benefits to his followers c. believes that leadership emerges from the situation and is influenced by the situation d. focuses on the actions of leaders and holds that other leaders are able to imitate similar actions

a. concentrates on the qualities and traits of leaders

According to history, economic structure, and economic organization states are divided into: a. first, second, third world countries b. monarchy and republic c. unitary and federal d. totalitarian, authoritarian, democratic

a. first, second, third world countries

The process by which ideas, knowledge, information, goods and services spread around the world a. globalization b. westernization c. modernization d. urbanization

a. globalization

Which tool did the Stalin use in order to arise his popularity among the society? a. he released his own "Short Biography" b. he printed a coin with his name c. he erected a monument of himself d. he gave the money to those in need

a. he released his own "Short Biography"

What is a party system? a. interactions of parties with each other b. party system is the same with party c. hierarchy between parties d. classification od parties

a. interactions of parties with each other

What is the core of the elitist notion: a. that there is a coherent or unified power elite that dominates society b. that the politics functions through interest groups c. everyone can be an elite d. elites are the smartest people

a. that there is a coherent or unified power elite that dominates society

Give the definition of the coercive type of power? a. the power to force compliance through the threat of punishment or other negative consequences b. a type of power that involves the ability to offer incentives or rewards to influence the behavior of others c. a type of power that derives from an individual's or organization's formal position of authority or control d. a type of power that derives from an individual's personal qualities, such as charisma, expertise, or likeability

a. the power to force compliance through the threat of punishment or other negative consequences

What is a main purpose of catch-all parties a. to govern in the national interest rather than as representatives of a social group b. to represent social groups c. to gather people around one ideology d. to fight with other parties

a. to govern in the national interest rather than as representatives of a social group

According to E.E. Schattschneider, what are the four major services rendered by political parties to democratic representation? a.Aggregating interests, packaging voter's options, mobilizing citizens, and giving direction to government. b.Aggregating interests, branding voter's options, recruiting leaders, and giving direction to government. c.Aggregating interests, packaging voter's options, recruiting leaders, and giving coherence to government. d.Aggregating interests, branding voter's options, mobilizing citizens, and recruiting leaders.

a.Aggregating interests, packaging voter's options, mobilizing citizens, and giving direction to government.

Which theoretical tradition was dominant throughout the Cold War? a.Realist tradition b.Liberal tradition c.Constructivist tradition d.Marxist tradition

a.Realist tradition

How have new media environment and informational technologies impacted democratic governance and politics? a.They have radically altered the way government institutions operate. b.They have made political decisions more difficult. c.They have reduced citizen engagement. d.They have had no significant impact.

a.They have radically altered the way government institutions operate.

How many branches of power are there in Kazakhstan? a.Three b.Four c.Five d.Two

a.Three

What is the process of modernization of political culture in Kazakhstan? a.Updating and transforming the beliefs, values, attitudes, and behaviors of citizens and political institutions to align with contemporary standards and practices b.Fostering a sense of civic responsibility and political awareness c.Enhancing efficiency, transparency, and citizen engagement in political processes d.Restoring traditional values and cultural heritage

a.Updating and transforming the beliefs, values, attitudes, and behaviors of citizens and political institutions to align with contemporary standards and practices

What does sovereignty mean in the context of a state? a. Limited power over its territory b. Complete authority over its population c. Dependence on external control d. Subordination to other powers

b. Complete authority over its population

What is the system of government in the Republic of Kazakhstan? a. Federal system b. Presidential system c. Monarchical system d. Parliamentary system

b. Presidential system

The rank of Kazakhstan in Global cybersecurity index 2020? a. 5 b. 31 c. 115 d. 194

b. 31

A system of world order in which the majority of global economic, military and cultural influence is held between two states a. idealism b. Bipolarity c. Realism d. Unipolarity

b. Bipolarity

Which factors influence to politics according to Montesquieu? a. History and mentality b. Climate and geography c. Economics and culture d. National language and traditions

b. Climate and geography

According to Mills, the members of the power elite: a. is simply the superior part of the political organization b. occupy the 'strategic command posts of the social structure, in which are now centered the effective means of the power and the wealth and the celebrity which they enjoy' c. persons who are directly or indirectly concerned with administration d. performs all of the political functions, monopolizes power, and enjoys the advantages that power brings

b. occupy the 'strategic command posts of the social structure, in which are now centered the effective means of the power and the wealth and the celebrity which they enjoy'

What is the difference between cyber security and information security? a. Cyber security usually deals with cybercrimes, information security involves the safety of computer systems b. Cyber security is all about protecting data that is found in electronic form, information security means protecting information and information systems from unauthorized access c. Cyber security provides confidentiality, integrity and availability of information, information security means protecting the data in cyberspace d. Cyber security and information security are synonyms

b. Cyber security is all about protecting data that is found in electronic form, information security means protecting information and information systems from unauthorized access

*Which branch of power determines the main directions of domestic and foreign policy in Kazakhstan? a. Legislative branch b. Executive branch c. Judicial branch d. None of the above

b. Executive branch

Who is the author of 'The Ruling class" (1896)? a. V. Pareto b. G. Mosca c. R. Michels d. C. Mills

b. G. Mosca

Select the argument against globalization: a. The world economy is more interdependent than ever, with trade and finances ever expanding b. Globalization is merely a buzzword to denote the latest phase of capitalism. c. People are beginning to 'think globally and act locally'. d. Electronic communications alter our notions of the social groups we work with and live in

b. Globalization is merely a buzzword to denote the latest phase of capitalism.

What is the role of the President of Kazakhstan? a. Head of the legislative branch b. Head of the executive branch c. Head of the judicial branch d. Head of the military

b. Head of the executive branch

What is the scale effect of globalization (Primbetova, M. et al., 2022)? a. It refers to the improvement of economic activity and revenue generating b. It refers to the increase in aggregate level of natural resources and environmental degradation c. It refers to the rise in environmental consciousness d. It refers to the increase in private environmental spending

b. It refers to the increase in aggregate level of natural resources and environmental degradation

The belief that those who hold power have the right to do so is called... a. Power b. Legitimacy c. Law d. Coercion

b. Legitimacy

What period in history religious institutions held tremendous political power? a. Ancient Age b. Middle Age c. Early modern d. Modern

b. Middle Age

What is public opinion based on (by K. Newton, 2006)? a. Television, radio, newspapers b. Opinions, attitudes, values c. Vision, education, experience d. Social status, ideology, gender

b. Opinions, attitudes, values

Who is the author of "The Republic"? a. Socrates b. Plato c. Aristotle d. Niccolo Machiavelli

b. Plato

What is the Politics according to the Aristotle? a. Politics as the study of power b. Politics as the master science c. Politics is the authoritative allocation of values d. Who gets what, when and how

b. Politics as the master science

Which belief best describes nationalism? a. The belief that inequalities in the economy destroy any equality in politics b. The belief that one's nation is great c. The belief in the innate goodness of the individual d. The belief that one person is chosen by God to rule over the rest

b. The belief that one's nation is great

What does socio-political perspective means in information security? a. The protection of national information assets, information systems, information b. The protection of the national information environment and mass media from purposeful negative information c. The protection from unauthorized access, use, disclosure, interruption, modification d. The protection from unauthorized verification, data recording

b. The protection of the national information environment and mass media from purposeful negative information

What is a state? a. a set of rules and practices that inform its members about their relationships with one another and how they should interact b. a political organization that has a number of political functions and tasks, including providing security, extracting revenues, and forming rules for resolving disputes and allocating resources within the boundaries of the territory in which it exercises jurisdiction c. an organized group of people with at least roughly similar political aims and opinions, that seeks to influence public policy by getting its candidates elected to public office d. a realm of autonomous groups and associations, such as business, pressure groups, clubs, families and etc.

b. a political organization that has a number of political functions and tasks, including providing security, extracting revenues, and forming rules for resolving disputes and allocating resources within the boundaries of the territory in which it exercises jurisdiction

According to Edmund Burke party: a. advances the interests and realisation of the ideals, not of the people as a whole, but of the particular group which it represents b. is a body of men united for promoting by their joint endeavours the national interest upon some particular principle in which they are all agreed c. focuses the political feelings and the active wills of its citizens d. is necessary and that it is difficult to imagine democracy without it

b. is a body of men united for promoting by their joint endeavours the national interest upon some particular principle in which they are all agreed

What is a democratic leadership? a. when the leaders give the directives to the subordinate and allow very little input from the subordinates b. is a collective leadership system that allows for the contribution of various individuals towards a particular issue c. when the leader challenges his followers to strive to achieve the objectives of the organization d. is an approach to leadership that emphasizes the need to respond to different situations as they occur

b. is a collective leadership system that allows for the contribution of various individuals towards a particular issue

Choose the three branches of governmental power: a. civil society, political party, unions b. legislative, executive, judicial c. president, monarch, prime minister d. direct, indirect, representative

b. legislative, executive, judicial

Types of party system: a. single party, two-party b. no-party, single party, dominant party, two-party, multi-party c. no-party, single party, dominant party d. no-party, single party, two-party, multi-party

b. no-party, single party, dominant party, two-party, multi-party

The adoption of the practices and culture of western Europe by societies and countries in other parts of the world, whether through compulsion or influence is called a. globalization b. westernization c. modernization d. urbanization

b. westernization

What recent development in the cyber security debate highlighted the issue of strategic manipulation as a threat to democratic processes? a.Growing reliance on critical infrastructure b.Increase in cyber incidents during the US elections in 2016 c.Technological advancements in digitalization d.Expansion of cyber security as a policy domain

b.Increase in cyber incidents during the US elections in 2016

What is the relationship between information technologies and social tensions? a.Information technologies contribute to social harmony and stability b.Information technologies can act as an effective resource in reaching political goals and destabilizing regions c.Information technologies reduce social tensions d.Information technologies have no impact on social tensions

b.Information technologies can act as an effective resource in reaching political goals and destabilizing regions

What is the role of parties in aggregating interests? a.They create specific brands of core commitments. b.They hold groups of representatives together around common agendas c.They serve as a pathway for recruiting leaders. d.They seek out what voters want in politics.

b.They hold groups of representatives together around common agendas

How is a totalitarian regime distinguished from other autocracies? a. Secret police b. Single party and leader c. All of the above d. Totalist ideology

c. All of the above

A political ideology is a. An answer to the question "who gets what, when, and how." b. A set of principles, laws, ideas, and procedures relating to a particular form of government c. A coherent set of views on politics and the role of the government. d. All mentioned

c. A coherent set of views on politics and the role of the government.

How often are members of the Senate re-elected? a. Every year b. Every two years c. Every three years d. Every five years

c. Every three years

According to Gunawan and Ratmono what had a significant negative impact on the Indonesian elections? a. Hacking attacks b. Disinformation and propaganda c. Hoaxes and hate speech d. All the mentioned

c. Hoaxes and hate speech

What are the names of the two chambers of the Parliament in Kazakhstan? a. Senate and Assembly b. Congress and Senate c. Majilis and Senate d. House of Representatives and Senate

c. Majilis and Senate

Type of power that is explicitly tied to the functioning of political institutions and processes a. Economic power b. Social Power c. Political Power d. Military Power

c. Political Power

Set of related theories of international relations that emphasizes the role of the state, national interest, and power in world politics a. idealism b. Bipolarity c. Realism d. Unipolarity

c. Realism

Which international organization is Kazakhstan a member of in its efforts to combat terrorism and extremism? a. United Nations Security Council b. Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE) c. Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) d. World Trade Organization (WTO)

c. Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO)

Which statement best describes the view of the author? a. the Stalin's methods of increasing his popularity were ineffective b. Stalin during his governing didn't have an aim to increase the credibility and authority c. Stalin clearly viewed the promotion of charismatic leadership as a way of bolstering the authority and legitimacy of the Soviet system d. Stalin didn't have any features of the "Cult of Personality"

c. Stalin clearly viewed the promotion of charismatic leadership as a way of bolstering the authority and legitimacy of the Soviet system

To which spheres can 'videomalaise' be referred in the modern period (according to K. Newton, 2006)? a. Television and newspapers b. Television news on political attitudes and opinion c. Television, newspapers, radio, the World Wide Web d. Newspapers on political and economic opinion

c. Television, newspapers, radio, the World Wide Web

What paradoxe(s) constrain(s) the impacts of the media (K. Newton, 2006)? a. The more people know about and have firsthand experience of something, the more likely they are to trust media's judgments b. Those who are least interested, involved and knowledgeable about politics are the most distrustful to media influence c. The more partisan the mass media and the more they try to persuade people of a political position, the less likely they are to be seen as impartial and neutral, and the less likely they are to be influential d. All the mentioned

c. The more partisan the mass media and the more they try to persuade people of a political position, the less likely they are to be seen as impartial and neutral, and the less likely they are to be influential

What is the main characteristic of disenchanted citizens? a. They actively participate in the political process. b. They have positive views about democratic institutions. c. They feel disillusioned with the political system. d. They engage in online activism.

c. They feel disillusioned with the political system.

To whom belongs the theory of the "circulation of elites"? a. G. Mosca b. R. Michels c. V. Pareto d. C. Mills

c. V. Pareto

The transformation from a traditional, rural, agrarian society to a secular, urban, industrial society a. globalization b. westernization c. modernization d. urbanization

c. modernization

What is a "Polyarchy"? a. society with a tiny elite at the top b. the collection of billiard balls colliding with each other and with government to produce policy c. the rule of the leaders of several groups who have reached stable understandings with each other d. all the mentioned

c. the rule of the leaders of several groups who have reached stable understandings with each other

Choose the definition of Patriarchal theory of state's origin? a. the state is established by God(s), who rule(s) the state directly or indirectly through someone regarded as an agent b. when one person or group forced all people within an area to obey their rule c. when the state evolved from lower associations. The first association was a household or the family, which arose to satisfy an individual's biological urges and everyday wants d. state is not a divine institution rather, it is an artificial institution made by men and it is the outcome of a social contract

c. when the state evolved from lower associations. The first association was a household or the family, which arose to satisfy an individual's biological urges and everyday wants

*During which period did civil society in Kazakhstan experience significant development? a.None of the above b.Before 1985 c.After independence d.1985-1991

c.After independence

*Which countries are examples of single-party or one-party states? a.Saudi Arabia, North Korea, and China b.Saudi Arabia, China, and Cuba c.North Korea, China, and Cuba d.South Africa, North Korea, and China

c.North Korea, China, and Cuba

How many deputies are there in the Majilis? a. 69 b. 79 c. 89 d. 98

d. 98

According to a Lecture by Ian Shapiro on Political Parties, Weak parties: a. Retail, not wholesale campaigning b. Candidates and party platforms controlled from below or outside c. Leaders in the legislature can not set the agenda d. All the mentioned

d. All the mentioned

According to the Lecture by Ian Shapiro on Political Parties, characteristics of strong parties: a. Unified, centralized, stable, organizationally complex b. Leaders have enough rope to hang themselves c. Everyone is one team d. All the mentioned

d. All the mentioned

How technologies impact on Politics? a. Technology as a tool for political actors b. Technology as a political topic and campaign platform c. Technology as a tool for the public d. All the mentioned

d. All the mentioned

Political science is mostly called as interdisciplinary subject that includes other disciplines, such as: a. Philosophy, Sociology b. Psychology, History, Anthropology c. Economy, Economy d. All the mentioned

d. All the mentioned

What are the main methodologies of Political Science: a. Qualitative methods b. Case studies, Survey research, Experiments c. Quantitative methods d. All the mentioned

d. All the mentioned

Why Social media have played a crucial role in political conflicts in the Middle East? a. Facilitated the mobilization of demonstrators b. Empowered political activists c. Speeded-up the process of democratization d. All the mentioned

d. All the mentioned

What is politics by by Andrew Heywood ? a. Politics as an activity and a process b. Politics as the master science c. Who gets what, when and how d. Politics as art of government

d. Politics as art of government

Right form of government according to Aristotle: a. Democracy b. Tyranny c. Oligarchy d. Polity

d. Polity

What are the main characteristics of the state? a. Population, Territory, Sovereignty b. Territory, Sovereignty c. Sovereignty, Legitimacy, Organization d. Sovereignty, Legitimacy, Organization, Population, Territory

d. Sovereignty, Legitimacy, Organization, Population, Territory

According to Craig and Valeriano what is the most dominant actors in the cyberspace? a. Non-governmental organizations b. Private military organizations c. Terrorist groups d. States

d. States

Which group of citizens is less visible in their political engagement? a. Nostalgic citizens. b. Enthusiastic citizens. c. Civic citizens. d. Stealth citizens.

d. Stealth citizens.

Find the example of referent type of power a. The use of physical force or the threat of arrest by police officers to maintain order and enforce laws b. Student's scholarships that motivate to study well c. The authority of parents to make decisions on behalf of their children (legally) d. The power of celebrities who can influence public opinion through their endorsements

d. The power of celebrities who can influence public opinion through their endorsements

What is a political institution? a. kind of social institutions, which include the state, political parties, public organizations that have their own political interests b. organizations in a government that create, enforce, and apply laws c. organizations, that mediate conflict, make policy on the economy and social systems, and otherwise provide representation for the population d. all the mentioned

d. all the mentioned

What is a monarchy? a. when the head of State chosen by the citizens periodically b. when states create different divisions and levels of government and divide power among those divisions and levels c. a form of government in which all citizens have an equal say in the decisions that affect their lives d. is a form of government in which sovereignty is actually or nominally embodied in a single individual

d. is a form of government in which sovereignty is actually or nominally embodied in a single individual

According to French political scientist Maurice Duverger, what are the types of parties a. direct and indirect parties b. Mono and multi parties c. short and longterm parties d. mass and cadre (elite) parties

d. mass and cadre (elite) parties

When was the cult of personality was popularized? a. when Napoleon III seized power in France and eventually declared himself Emperor b. when Stalin decided to embalm Vladimir Lenin's corpse and display it publicly c. when Augustus, the first Roman emperor, and his dynasty, which started deifying dead and eventually living emperors d. when Nikita Khrushchev used it in a 1956 speech to the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, in which he denounced the ongoing cult of personality surrounding Joseph Stalin

d. when Nikita Khrushchev used it in a 1956 speech to the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, in which he denounced the ongoing cult of personality surrounding Joseph Stalin

In a party authoritarian system, what distinguishes it from a totalitarian system? a.Complete domination of political parties b.Extensive penetration into society c.Tolerance of small opposition parties d.Absence of elections and political parties

d.Absence of elections and political parties

What is Kazakhstan's role in promoting disarmament? a.Hosting international conferences on climate change b.Taking steps to counter radicalization and promote interfaith dialogue c.Participating in international efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions d.Working to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons

d.Working to prevent the spread of nuclear weapons