Poly Sci 1-7
Which of the following is considered the cradle of Western civilization?
Ancient Greece
What type of philosophers were Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle?
Ancient Greek philosophers
In which article of the US Constitution is Congress outlined?
Article I
Which article of the Constitution outlines the structure and powers of the American presidency?
Article II
Which political science methodology looks at the actual behavior of those in the political process and employs an empirical or data-driven approach?
Behavioralism
Although Congress is typically viewed as a single institution, it is actually divided into two self-ruling legislative chambers. What type of legislature is this?
Bicameral legislature
How were US senators originally elected to Congress?
By state legislatures
Which of the following describes the ability of branches of government to limit the power of other branches?
Checks and balances
Which subfield of political science examines different types of institutions and issues within different countries?
Comparative Politics
Which of the following refers to the powers that are granted to both the national and state governments in the US Constitution?
Concurrent powers
What was the name of the great compromise between the large and small states at the Constitutional Convention that called for the US House of Representatives to be apportioned according to the state's population and the US Senate to be composed of two senators per state?
Connecticut Compromise
Which country is classified as a unitary, presidential democracy and has one of the most stable states in Central America?
Costa Rica
How does the judicial branch check the other two branches?
Declaring acts unconstitutional
Aristotle hypothesized that which political system requires a strong middle class to balance the extreme interests of the wealthy and the poor?
Democracy
In Plato's gradations of happiness, which system ranks second to last in terms of happiness in the state because it encourages the pursuit of all desires, both necessary and unnecessary?
Democracy
Which term refers to some of the ways that people are classified?
Demographics
What indicator is the most dramatic predictor of whether a person is likely to vote?
Educational attainment
What is another name for the "necessary and proper" clause in Article 1, Section 8, of the US Constitution?
Elastic clause
Which branch has veto powers as well as the power to appoint federal judges?
Executive branch
Which branch of government is the legislative branch checking with to overturn a presidential veto with a two-thirds vote, for example?
Executive branch
In Machiavelli's ideal world, it is best for the prince to be both loved and what?
Feared
Which system of government divides power between the national and state governments?
Federal system
From October 1787 to May 1788, James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay submitted eighty-five essays to New York newspapers under the pseudonym "Publius," a Latin term translated to mean "the people." What were the essays called?
Federalist Papers
In the Senate, smaller states also have a disproportionate amount of influence by being able to bring the legislative process to a halt through what mechanism?
Filibuster
Your birth certificate is recognized in all fifty states as a legal document because of which constitutional clause?
Full faith and credit clause
According to Hobbes, because conditions in the precontract state would be so abhorrent, people would voluntarily leave it in favor of the more secure environment provided by whom or what?
Government
Nations exert what type of power when they compel other nations to modify their behavior through military or economic force?
Hard Power
Machiavelli said it is better to be feared than loved, but to be careful that fear doesn't turn into which of the following?
Hate
Which chamber in Congress initiates all revenue bills?
House
Which chamber in the US Congress has membership based on states' population, with total membership capped at 435 members?
House
What are the two chambers of the US Congress called?
House & Senate
What are the two houses in the British Parliament called?
House of Lords and House of Commons
What is an educated guess based on previously understood facts or logic?
Hypothesis
According to Aristotle, the immersion into which of the following represents the highest form of happiness because the community of the polis offers the highest plane of reasoning?
Immersion into politics
Which country is a federal country that leaves legislation up to the states, while reserving the presence of a unitary state capable of handling situations it deems necessary?
India
Which subfield of political science places special emphasis on the development of the international system, international organizations, and globalization?
International Relations
Who were the earliest Greek philosophers to believe in using rationality rather than mythology to understand the universe?
Ionians
Which democracy has a bicameral legislature called the National Diet and is composed of the House of Councilors (upper house) and the House of Representatives (lower house)?
Japan
Which eighteenth-century philosopher called for universal political participation in a direct democracy form of government where the people as a whole make decisions for themselves?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Who caused a stir when he stated that "Man is born free, and yet we see him everywhere in chains" in his most famous work, The Social Contract?
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
In the seventeenth century, who founded a new trend of thinking under the banner of classical liberalism, which viewed human beings as innately principled, mentally gifted, and capable of self-rule?
John Locke
Which seventeenth-century philosopher advocated for a representative democracy where government possesses limited powers and the people select representatives to make decisions on their behalf?
John Locke
Which book by Thomas Hobbes serves as the theoretical rationale for monarchs?
Leviathan
A congressional district that includes a majority of minority voters, which increases the probability of electing a minority representative, is called what?
Majority-minority concentrated district
Since the end of World War II, the world has seen an increase in what type of government system?
Multi-party parliamentary systems
Which plan was proposed by William Paterson at the Constitutional Convention and called for a one-house chamber apportioned according to equal representation of each state?
New Jersey Plan
Which Italian philosopher claimed that in order to truly comprehend the nuances of politics, it is more important to have an understanding of how leaders can best acquire and maintain political control over the populace?
Niccolò Machiavelli
Which political philosopher wrote The Prince?
Niccoló Machiavelli
After the delegates signed the US Constitution on September 17, 1787, what was the next hurdle to ratify the US Constitution?
Nine out of thirteen states had to ratify it
Socrates employed which approach to philosophy, in that he was most interested in uncovering the purpose of our human existence and how the "good life" can be achieved if humans interact with one another in a just and ethical manner?
Normative approach
What is a large bill that contains several smaller bills called?
Omnibus legislation
What is the opposite of truth for Plato?
Opinion
Who is considered the first Western political philosopher?
Plato
Who wrote most of what we know about Socrates?
Plato
What is the term for the way that various groups define our lives and contribute to the way we view the world?
Political Socialization
Machiavelli was one of the first theorists to divorce the study of politics from religious and ethical viewpoints. What is this type of theorist called?
Political realist
What did political scientist Harold Lasswell say is the study of who gets what, when, and how?
Politics
Which political science methodology is a hybrid between traditionalism and behavioralism?
Post-behavioralist approach
What can broadly be defined as the ability to get others to do what they would not do on their own?
Power
What did Machiavelli assert was the key unit of analysis in politics?
Power
What departments help the US president execute the laws?
Presidential cabinet and executive departments
What is the most common type of executive in world politics today?
Prime Minister
Which type of executive enjoys executive and legislative fusion?
Prime Minister
Who is the head of government in a parliamentary system?
Prime Minister
Who is the most powerful voice in British politics?
Prime Minister
For Locke, owning what is considered one of the most important natural rights bestowed upon man by God?
Private property
What is the purpose of government according to Hobbes?
Provide security
Because it required one to surrender core ethical principles, Socrates argued that one could not pursue the good life and do which of the following?
Pursue politics
What did true happiness mean for Socrates?
Pursuing the "good life"
What type of analysis uses data to interpret political phenomena to better understand the political world?
Quantitative analysis
What is the system of government where power lies with the body of citizens who elect representatives to make decisions on their behalf?
Republic
Which chamber in the US Congress has two members from each state?
Senate
Which of the following represents a government that is divided among a legislative branch, an executive branch, and a judicial branch?
Separation of powers
In which academic tradition is the field of political science?
Social Sciences
What type of theorists typically provide an (1) observation on human nature, (2) an observation on problems that arise in the absence of government (i.e., precontract state), and (3) a recommendation on the form of government best able to solve these problems?
Social contract theorists
Nations use what type of power when they employ diplomatic and cultural persuasion to other nations?
Soft Power
Hobbes argued that our existence in the unstructured and unmanaged environment of the precontract state (i.e., life before government) would be which of the following?
Solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short
Which ancient Greek philosophers were primarily concerned with questions surrounding human behavior and were skeptical about whether we can ever truly come to understand our ultimate reality or acquaint ourselves with the mysteries of our universe?
Sophists
What position is the leader of the House of Representatives?
Speaker of the House
Which constitutional amendment states that the powers not delegated by the US Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the states, are reserved to the states respectively, or to the people?
Tenth Amendment
Which two fatal blows for the Articles of Confederation occurred in the fall of 1786?
The Annapolis Convention and Shays's Rebellion
Which group was composed of strong states' rights advocates who largely opposed the US Constitution because they believed the new government would dominate over the states?
The Anti-federalists
What are the first ten amendments to the US Constitution called?
The Bill of Rights
The three communities of citizens in The Republic are the auxiliaries, the guardians, which of the following?
The Craftspeople
The liberal writings of John Locke influenced which American document?
The Declaration of Independence
Congress created executive departments in its first session in 1789 when it created the Departments of Treasury, State, and War. What is the newest executive department in the United States?
The Department of Homeland Security
Ratifying the US Constitution was an intensely political process that divided the nation into two political camps. Which group believed a strong national government was necessary to address national problems and to promote a sense of national unity?
The Federalists
Plato wrote the first written work considered political science. What is it called?
The Republic
What country has the oldest and most revered constitution in the world?
The United States
For Aristotle, what is the key to happiness?
The ability to reason
In The Republic whose primary function is to enforce the laws of the state and defend the state from foreign invasion (i.e., serve as the military)?
The auxiliaries
According to Aristotle, what are the three distinct forms of human communities that naturally evolve into more complex political arrangements?
The family unit, the village, and the polis
In The Republic whose job is to represent the ruling class and who must have intensive training to ensure the pursuance of the public good and justice?
The guardians
Socrates was a controversial teacher because he asked his students to question what?
The intellectual rationale behind society's guiding principles
What two animals did Machiavelli advise a successful prince to emulate when leading the state?
The lion and fox
What are the two most important powers of government that are granted to Congress?
The power to declare war and the power of the purse
The Ionians broke into two rival and competing movements that organized around the theory of becoming and the theory of what?
The theory of being
What emerges when individuals seek answers to questions?
Theories
Those aligned with which of the following theories argued that the universe was in a constant state of random and arbitrary change (or becoming) and could be understood in material terms?
Theory of Becoming
Which school of thought believed that underlying our ever-changing material world is a preexisting and permanent design?
Theory of being
In Hobbes's view, people living in the state of nature live in what type of environment?
They live in a persistent state of warfare and fear.
In the classic text, Leviathan, which philosopher sets out to prove the correctness of Machiavelli's contention that power rather than justice is the most important variable in studying politics?
Thomas Hobbes
Who argued that an all-powerful sovereign was required to prevent civil war and death in his social contract theory?
Thomas Hobbes
According to Plato, who are the only ones qualified to rule because they can be counted on to place the public interest of society over individual self-interest?
Those who have reached "the good"
For Locke, what is the primary reason for establishing a government or commonwealth?
To protect private property
What is the belief that government should not attempt to change society, but that government should instead merely reflect changes that have already taken place in society?
Traditional conservatism
Which political science methodology seeks answers to questions that try to determine if individuals within government institutions (such as Congress) are acting how they "ought to be acting"?
Traditionalism
Locke's social contract called for a limited government to perform how many basic functions?
Two functions
What are the terms for members of the House and Senators?
Two years House; six years Senate
For Plato, which of the following is the lowest form of political order?
Tyranny
Which country has a unicameral legislature?
Ukraine
Which country serves as the model for newer parliamentary systems?
United Kingdom
Which plan at the Constitutional Convention was primarily drafted by James Madison and Edmund Randolph, and proposed representation in Congress to be apportioned according to the state's population?
Virginia Plan
How do the United States and India elect their presidents?
by electoral college
Members of Congress might be able to fortify the advantages of incumbency by engaging in advertising, position-taking, and what else?
credit-claiming
The powers to declare war, to coin money, to regulate foreign commerce, to raise and support armies, and to establish a federal court system are what types of powers?
enumerated powers
What phrase best describes the general duties of the prime minister?
first among equals
What tool can be used to remove a president from office in presidential systems?
impeachment
What is the term of office for the British prime minister?
indefinite
What is it called when legislators trade influence or votes to achieve passage of projects that are of interest to one another?
logrolling
Votes of no confidence exist only in what type of system?
parliamentary system
Which systems are defined by the fusion of their legislative and executive branches?
parliamentary system
What is the act of dividing congressional districts to give one political party an unfair advantage in congressional elections?
partisan gerrymandering
Which prominent groups today are not mentioned at all in the US Constitution?
political parties
Some US constitutional scholars believe that presidents possess what type of powers to take extreme and sometimes illegal action if faced with a national crisis?
prerogative powers
A system in which the executive branch is separate from that of the legislature is called what?
presidential system
In India, which executive holds the real power?
prime minister
What are the permanent committees in Congress called?
standing committees
The American president has the power to make treaties with foreign nations. Which governmental entity checks this power of the president?
the Senate
Article II, Section 2 of the US Constitution asserts that the "President Shall be Commander-in-Chief" of what?
the army and navy
Where did most of the powers reside under the Articles of Confederation?
the states
Who or what is the prime minister the governmental leader of?
their political party
How many amendments to the Constitution are there?
twenty-seven
What is the most common form of government in the world today?
unitary, unicameral states
During the Constitutional Convention, for which type of executive did the New Jersey and Virginia plans advocate?
weak executive
