POS 100 (CH 5)
Although white Americans do not know what it is like to be black, _____ of whites report being satisfied with society's treatment of blacks.
67%
The first political institution that young children tend to focus on is the...
President.
In the current American context, a liberal would tend to promote...
economic equality ahead of freedom, and freedom ahead of social order.
The major agents of early socialization in the United States are...
family, school, community, and peers.
For most people, the first agent of political socialization is...
family.
In the presidential elections since 1968, the South has tended to vote...
for Republican candidates.
The contemporary political "gender gap" refers to the tendency of women to...
identify more with the Democratic Party than men do.
The set of values and beliefs that a person holds about the purpose and scope of government is called...
political ideology.
The process whereby one becomes aware of politics, learns political facts, and forms political values is called...
political socialization.
The ______ principle indicates that what is learned first is learned best.
primacy
The political knowledge of many young adults changes from high school to college especially if professors encourage students to...
question authority.
Political differences between the South and the rest of the country today are often rooted in attitudes about...
racial politics and social issues.
The goal of the statistical theory of sampling is to...
reflect the views of the population with some predictable degree of accuracy.
When a political opinion is based on what is considered to be in the best interest of the nation rather than what people think is in their own interest it is an example of?
sociotropic responses.
A distribution of opinions that shows little change over time is called a _____ distribution.
stable
The Framers wanted to build public opinion into our government structure by creating...
the House of Representatives.
Pressure on an individual to conform to community values or views is strongest when...
the community is homogeneous.
The extent of the influence of any socializing agent depends on...
the extent of our exposure to it, our communication with it, and our receptivity to it.
One critique that pluralists make of the public as a whole is that...
the public seldom demonstrates clear, consistent opinions on daily issues of government.
Today, the mass media conduct many polls using...
the telephone.
Public opinion polls can be criticized on the grounds that...
the way a pollster words a question can determine the answer.
A sample of one thousand randomly selected individuals is usually accurate to (plus or minus) _____ percentage points.
three
The most frequent response (such as "I favor") in a public opinion distribution is known as the...
mode.
When Americans are asked to identify themselves on left-right ideological scales ("liberal," "moderate," or "conservative"), the data plotted on a graph is a(n) _____ distribution...
normal
A symmetrical, bell-shaped distribution around a single mode is called a...
normal distribution.
When elementary schools introduce students to authority figures outside the family, like the teacher, they prepare students for the value of _________; when they stress norms of democratic decision making and respecting the opinions of others, they teach _________.
order; equality
As students move from elementary school to high school, their political socialization tends to transition from knowledge of ________ to development of...
patriotic ritual; good citizenship.
Based on the text, which of these factors does NOT determine the accuracy of the sample?
year sample is taken
A January 2014 poll showed that ____ percent of Americans knew that the Affordable Care Act prohibits companies from denying health insurance to people because of any illnesses they may have.
54
People who are not religious are more likely to be categorized as...
libertarian.
The collective attitude of the citizens on a given issue is known as...
public opinion.
Learning political party identification from parents is known as the ___________ model of partisanship.
transmission
A libertarian is most likely to exhibit the characteristics of...
high income and high education.
With respect to religion, the group that has grown rapidly in the 21st century and now makes up almost 23 percent of the American population is...
"unaffiliated."
The predictions of the Gallup Poll for nineteen presidential elections since 1936 have been deviated from actual voting results by less than ___ percentage point(s).
1
Survey methodology did not become a powerful research tool until the...
1950s.
As some historians estimate, _____ percent of Americans opposed the Revolution in July 1776.
20
According to the text, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of public opinion?
Citizens are typically unwilling to offer opinions on matters outside their experience, even when asked bypollsters.
Which of the following statements reflects the role public opinion should play according to the majoritarian model of democracy?
Government should do what a majority of the public wants.
Which of the following statements concerning ideological "moderates" is correct?
Many people identify as "moderate" because they do not understand the alternatives.
Which of the following accurately characterizes presidential poll results?
Survey results can be prone to random error because interviewers receive superficial responses.
Which of the following statements concerning gender and political beliefs is incorrect?
Women are more likely to favor death penalty.
As parental and school influences wane in adulthood, _________ emerge as more important socialization agents.
adult peer groups and the mass media
The fact that ideological conservatives believed even more strongly that Iraq had weapons of mass destruction before the 2003 war after they were informed that subsequent investigations concluded that this was not true is an example of the...
backfire effect.
A polling company surveying public opinion on Obama's health-care plan finds public opinion to be almost evenly divided, for and against. The graph of such a distribution would be characterized as...
bimodal.
In the current American context, a communitarian would tend to promote...
both order and equality over freedom.
Parental influence on party identification is greater when...
both parents strongly identify with the same party
Recently, media outlets have started including ________ in their sampling, particularly in response to the habits of younger Americans.
cell phones
Through the transmission model of partisanship, party identification is passed on to...
children.
According to the self-interest principle, people tend to...
choose what benefits them personally.
A respondent who agrees with the statement, "By law, a woman should be able to obtain an abortion as a matter of personal choice" values.
freedom over order.
As a general trend, college-educated individuals are more likely to choose...
freedom over social order.
Individuals with higher education and income tend to favor _______ over_____.
freedom; order or equality.
Governments tend to respond to public opinion. In recent years, this has become particularly true regarding issues involving...
gay rights.
A voter who is uninformed about the issues might rely on political party labels to make a decision. This type of mental shortcut which requires hardly any information is called...
heuristics.
If a senatorial candidate talks about reducing taxes as a way to "return money to the people" that candidate is using ____ as a way to define the topic of taxes...
issue framing
A sample size that is _____ will more accurately represent the population.
larger
African-Americans and Hispanics are more likely than whites to have _______ policy preferences on abortion.
liberal
Today, Americans aged 17-24 are much more __________ than the general public.
liberal
Lack of political knowledge among individual Americans makes the ___________ model of democracy more difficult to sustain.
majoritarian
Surveys conducted over the Internet have been criticized because they...
may not be representative of the whole nation.
Since surveying the American public about ideology began, the ideological distribution of the public has become...
skewed toward conservatism.
When sampled, the public strongly favors the death penalty for certain crimes. The graph of such a distribution would be characterized as...
skewed.
An individual's _____ status is based on a combination of education, occupational status, and income.
socioeconomic