Possible final exam questions*

During assessment of a patient who has been taking Dilantin for seizure management for 3 years, the nurse notices one of the side effects that should be reported. What is that side effect? A. Alopecia B. Gingival Hyperplasia C. Diplopia D. Ataxia

B. Gingival Hyperplasia

A nurse cares for a client who is experiencing status epilepticus. Which prescribed medication should the nurse prepare to administer? A. Atenolol (Tenormin) B. Lorazepam (Ativan) C. Phentoin (Dilantin) D. Lisinopril (Primivil)

B. Lorazepam (Ativan)

A client is admitted to an acute care facility after an episode of status epilepticus. After the client is stabilized, which factor is most beneficial in determining the potential cause of the episode? a) The type of anticonvulsant prescribed to manage the epileptic condition b) Recent stress level c) Compliance with the prescribed medication regimen d) Recent weight gain and loss

c) Compliance with the prescribed medication regimen

A client's screening colonoscopy revealed the presence of numerous polyps in the large bowel. What principle should guide the subsequent treatment of this client's health problem? a. adhere to a high-fiber diet will help polyps resolve b. the client should be ensured that these are a normal age-related change c. The client polyps constitute a risk factor for cancer d. The presence of polyps is associated with an increased risk of bowel obstruction

c. The client polyps constitute a risk factor for cancer

A client is in end-stage chronic renal failure and is being added to the transplant list. The nurse explains to the client how donors are found for clients needing kidneys. Which statement is accurate? a. donors must be relatives b. the client is placed on a transplant list at the local hospital c. donors are selected from compatible living donors d. donors with hypertension may qualify

c. donors are selected from compatible living donors

The nurse is providing preoperative care to a client who is to undergo a radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. The client's plan of care includes the nursing diagnosis of "anxiety related to surgery and its outcome." Which of the following would be most appropriate for the nurse to do? a. tell the client that prostate cancer is very curable if caught early b. inform the client that risk of recurrence is decreased with this type of surgery c. ensure privacy when discussing sensitive or embarrassing sexual issues d. allow the client to assume a passive role in the preparation

c. ensure privacy when discussing sensitive or embarrassing sexual issues

A nurse is providing health education to an adolescent newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus and her family. The nurse teaches the client and family that what nonpharmacologic measures will decrease the body's need for insulin? a. adequate sleep b. low stimulation c. exercise d. low-fat diet

c. exercise

A nurse understands that a major concern with type 2 diabetes is: a. older age (>60) b. obesity (>20% of IBW)c. insulin resistance d. overactive insulin secretion

c. insulin resistance

The nurse is completing discharge teaching with an 80 year old patient who underwent right total hip arthroplasty with an anterior approach. The nurse identifies the need to instruc this patient on all of the following except: a. the need to avoid crossing the legs b. the need to avoid hyperextension of the affected hip c. the need to avoid flexion of the hip more than 90 degrees d. the use of adaptive aids such as show horns and grabbers

c. the need to avoid flexion of the hip more than 90 degrees

what is the most common type of prostate surgery? a. retro pubic prostatectomy b. perineal prostatectomy c. transurethral resection of the prostate d. suprapubic prostatectomy

c. transurethral resection of the prostate

The nurse is performing a rectal assessment and notices a longitudinal tear or ulceration in the lining of the anal canal. The nurse documents the finding as which condition? a. anorectal abscess b. anal fistula c. hemorrhoid d. anal fissure

d. anal fissure

A nurse is teaching a group of adults about screening and prevention of colorectal cancer. The nurse should describe which of these as the most common sign of colon cancer? a. development of new hemorrhoids b. abdominal bloating and flank pain c. unexplained weight gain d. change in bowel habits

d. change in bowel habits

The nurse has identified the nursing diagnosis of "risk for infection" in a client who undergoes peritoneal dialysis. What nursing action best addresses this risk? a. add antibiotics to the dialysate as prescribed b. administer prophylactic antibiotics by mouth or IV as prescribed c. wash the skin surrounding the catheter site with soap and water prior to each exchange d. maintain aseptic technique when administering dialysate

d. maintain aseptic technique when administering dialysate

A client undergoes surgery to resolve a malignant tumor followed by a urinary diversion procedure. What postoperative procedure should the nurse perform? a. determine the client's ability to perform stoma care b. show photographs and drawings of the placement of the stoma c. suggest a visit to the local ostomy group d. maintain skin and stoma integrity

d. maintain skin and stoma integrity

The nurse is caring for a client with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). The major complication associated with systemic lupus erythematosus is: a. meningitis b. desquamation c. hepatitis d. nephritis

d. nephritis

Following an ordered increase in the client's daily dose of metformin, the nurse should prioritize which of the following assessments? a. monitoring of the client's neutrophil levels b. assessing the client for signs of impaired liver function c. monitoring the client's level of consciousness and behavior d. reviewing the client's creatine and BUN levels

d. reviewing the client's creatine and BUN levels

A client with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) has a diagnosis of Barrett esophagus with minor cell changes. What principle should be integrated into the client's subsequent care? a. antacids may be discontinued when symptoms of heartburn subside b. liver enzymes must be checked regularly, as H2 receptor antagonists may cause hepatic damage c. small amounts of blood are likely to be present in the stools and are not a concern d. the client will be monitored closely to detect malignant changes

d. the client will be monitored closely to detect malignant changes

Which is a true statement regarding crohn's disease? a. The lesions are in continuous contact with one another b. it has a progressive disease pattern c. it is characterized by pain in the lower left abdominal quadrant d. the clusters of ulcers take on a cobblestone appearance

d. the clusters of ulcers take on a cobblestone appearance

The nurse is conducting a gastrointestinal assessment. When the client reports the presence of mucus and pus in the stool, the assess for additionals signs/symptoms of which disease/condition? a. small-bowel disease b. intestinal malabsorption c. disorders of the colon d. ulcerative colitis

d. ulcerative colitis

during a health history assessment, a patient with rheumatoid arthritis, chronic hypertension, and diagnosis of a recent cerebrovascular accident states that she takes 2 fish oil capsules (5g) daily as a supplement for her RA. What additional question(s) should the nurse ask? a. "Are you taking anticoagulant medications?" b. "what other supplements do you currently take?" c. "how long have you been taking fish oil capsules?" d. "have you notified your physician about taking fish oil capsules?" e."Have you found the fish oil to help your RA?"

a. "Are you taking anticoagulant medications?" b. "what other supplements do you currently take?" c. "how long have you been taking fish oil capsules?" d. "have you notified your physician about taking fish oil capsules?" e."Have you found the fish oil to help your RA?"

A nurse is planning the care of an older adult client who will soon be discharged home after treatment for a fractured hip. In an effort to prevent future fractures, the nurse should encourage what action? Select all that apply. a. Doctor approved weight-bearing exercise b. Use of corticosteroids as prescribed c. a health diet d. use of falls prevention precautions e. regular bone density testing

a. Doctor approved weight-bearing exercise c. a health diet d. use of falls prevention precautions e. regular bone density testing

a nurse cares for a client with an above the knee amputation of the right leg. The client reports dull burning pain in the right foot. Which prescribed medication should the nurse administer first? a. PO propranolol b. IV morphine c. oral contraceptive d. IV Ibuprofen

a. PO propranolol

A client's health history is suggestive of inflammatory bowel disease. Which of the following would suggest Crohn's colitis, as the cause of the client's signs and symptoms? a. an absence of blood in stool b. severe diarrhea c. a pattern of distinct exacerbations and remissions d. involvement of the rectal mucosa

a. an absence of blood in stool

The nurse is teaching a client with an ostomy how to change the pouching system. Which information should the nurse include when teaching a client with no peristomal skin irritation? a. dry skin thoroughly after washing b. apply barrier powder c. apply triamcinolone acetonide spray d. dust with nystatin powder

a. dry skin thoroughly after washing

During the care of a patient with multiple myeloma, an important nursing intervention is a. maintaining a fluid intake of 3-4L per day b. assessing lymph nodes for enlargement c. limiting weight-bearing and ambulation d. administration of calcium supplements

a. maintaining a fluid intake of 3-4L per day

Which of the following herbal remedies is used to treat symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)? a. saw palmetto b. garlic c. gingko d. green tea

a. saw palmetto

A client suspected of having colorectal cancer requires which diagnostic study to confirm the diagnosis? a. sigmoidoscopy b. stool hematest c. carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) d. abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan

a. sigmoidoscopy

A client diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) has a serum potassium level of 6.5 mEq/L. The nurse anticipates administering: a. sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexlate) b. sorbitol c. IV dextrose 50% d. calcium supplements

a. sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexlate)

A client has a recurrence of gastric cancer and is in the gastrointestinal clinic crying. What response by the nurse is most appropriate? a. "Do you have family or friends for support?" b. "I'd like to know what you are feeling now." c. "Well, we knew this would probably happen." d. "Would you like me to refer you to hospice?"

b. "I'd like to know what you are feeling now."

After teaching the client with severe rheumatoid arthritis about prescribed methotrexate, which statement indicates the need for further teaching? a. "This medication will decrease the inflammation caused by my disease." b. "This medication may cause damage to my eyes. I will see the eye doctor every 6 months" c. "I will not drink alcohol while taking this medication." d. "This side effect of the medication may be anemia. I will let my physician know if I have shortness of breath"

b. "This medication may cause damage to my eyes. I will see the eye doctor every 6 months"

A 71-year-old woman with a history of rheumatoid arthritis and chronic heart failure had been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of a suspected upper gastrointestinal bleed. When performing an assessment of this patient, which of the following questions most directly address a likely cause of the woman's bleeding disorder? a. "did either of your parents of siblings have problem with bleeding?" b. "do you ever take aspirin to treat the pain of your arthritis?" c. "has your doctor prescribe a water pill for your heart failure?" d. "how closely do you tend to monitor your blood pressure when you're at home?"

b. "do you ever take aspirin to treat the pain of your arthritis?"

A patient, age 67 years, is admitted for diagnostic studies to rule out cancer. The patient is Caucasian, married, has been employed as a landscaper for 40 years, and has a 36-year history of smoking a pack of cigarettes daily. What significant risk factors does the nurse recognize this patient has? (Select all that apply.) a. race b. age c. marital status d. occupation e. cigarette smoking

b. age d. occupation e. cigarette smoking

Medical management of BPH includes pharmacological therapy. Which of the following medications would the nurse expect the health care provider to prescribe for the diagnosis? a. diuretics b. alpha-adrenergic blocker c. analgesic d. antispasmodic

b. alpha-adrenergic blocker

The diagnosis of heart failure is usually confirmed by which of the following? a. chest x-ray b. echocardiogram c. electrocardiogram (12-lead) d. ventriculogram

b. echocardiogram

The nurse cares for a client who underwent a kidney transplant. The nurse understands that rejection of a transplanted kidney within 24 hours after transplant is termed: a. acute rejection b. hyperacute rejection c. chronic rejection d. simple rejection

b. hyperacute rejection