PRACTICE CH3

The endocrine system consists of the pancreas, the pituitary, the thyroid, and the adrenal glands that release hormones into the bloodstream so that they can regulate the cells' use of absorbed nutrients.

true

The nervous system lets us know when we need to eat or drink.

true

To resolve irritable bowel syndrome, a combination of dietary modification, prescription drugs, stress management, and use of pre-, pro- and symbiotics is recommended.

true

A combination of dietary modification, prescription drugs, stress management, and use of prebiotics and probiotics is recommended for individuals who suffer from

***irritable bowel syndrome

*Water-soluble nutrients absorbed through the villi of the small intestine are transported through the ________ system to the liver.

circulatory

Contaminated water, microorganisms, stress or excessive fiber may all lead to

diarrhea.

There are both mechanical and chemical aspects of

digestion

What is the optimal sequence of processes in the gastrointestinal tract?

digestion, absorption, elimination

The pancreas, the pituitary, the thyroid, and the adrenal glands are the components of the

endocrine system.

***Endocytosis is the process in which whole proteins, such as immunoglobulins, are absorbed in small fragments.

false

***The lymphatic system is a complex network of capillaries, small vessels, valves, nodes, and ducts that stores nutrients.

false

*Hemorrhage is due to increased pressure in the veins in the rectum and anus causes swelling and inflammation.

false

A person who is adequately hydrated cannot be constipated

false

Constipation is the painful release of intestinal gas from the rectum.

false

Individuals who have irritable bowel syndrome may find relief by drinking more water.

false

Nutrients are transported through the veins but not the arteries of the circulatory system or through the lymphatic vessels.

false

Persons who have flatulence should have as much Beano as possible.

false

Persons who suffer from heartburn should consume more chocolate, fatty foods, spicy foods, coffee, and tomato products

false

The more fiber a person consumes, the better.

false

Which substance should be consumed in the quantity of 25-30 grams daily?

fiber

Marci has been diagnosed with gluten sensitivity. She therefore needs to experiment with

grains such as teff, quinoa, buckwheat, amaranth, and millet.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is similar to

heartburn

Gastrin, secretin, cholecystokinin, and ghrelin are ________ which are secreted from the stomach and the small intestine, with the role of regulating digestive activity, increase or decrease peristalsis.

hormones

Grandfather is experiencing pain and hard small pellets of feces during a bowel movement. This may be caused by

insufficient fiber

Persons who have flatulence experience

intestinal gas

Luis has been troubled with constipation, diarrhea, or a combination of constipation and diarrhea. He probably has

irritable bowel syndrom

Extraction of water from the food mass takes place in the

large intestine

The final organ of the GI tract consists of the cecum, appendix, colon, and rectum is the

large intestine

The ________ system is a network of capillaries, small vessels, valves, nodes, and ducts that maintains the internal fluid environment.

lymphatic

The normal sequence of digestion is

mechanical digestion and chemical digestion

Digestion which involves chewing, grinding, and breaking food apart and then moving it through the GI tract is called

mechanical digestion.

*The body system that stimulates eating or drinking is the ________ system.

nervous

The body system that stimulates eating or drinking is the ________ system.

nervous

The muscular rhythmic contractions that occur throughout the GI tract are called

peristalsis.

The mechanism which prevents chyme from exiting the stomach too soon, and it prevents intestinal contents from returning to the stomach is the

pyloric sphincter.

The watery fluid that contains electrolytes and mucus to soften and dissolve food particles is called

salivia

What is the optimal sequence of the food mass in the gut?

small intertine, large intetstine, rectum , anus

The digestive organ which produces hydrochloric acid which activates enzymes for protein digestion is called the

stomatch

After gallbladder removal surgery, the liver continues to produce the bile and secrete it directly into the duodenum, the bile duct dilates, forming a simulated pouch that works like the gallbladder.

true

Baby Juan has diarrhea, so he needs to increase intake of water and electrolytes.

true

Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes a person's immune system to damage the small intestine when gluten, a protein in wheat, rye, and barley is consumed.

true

Chronic heartburn can be a symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease, when the acidic stomach contents reflux into the esophagus because the lower esophageal sphincter is weak.

true

Constipation is caused by slow movements of the undigested residue through the colon, and is often due to insufficient fiber or water intake.

true

Grandpa has been diagnosed with colon cancer, so he may need radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and/or surgery.

true

Heartburn, constipation, diarrhea, and hemorrhoids are common digestive disorders.

true

Hemorrhoids are caused by increased pressure in the veins in the rectum and anus causes swelling and inflammation.

true

If Grandma is constipated, she needs to have either more fiber or water or both.

true

Irritable bowel syndrome may result in constipation, diarrhea, or a combination of constipation and diarrhea. Question options:

true

Once digested nutrients reach the small intestine, they are absorbed by either passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, or active transport.

true

Persons who have diarrhea have either had contaminated water or excessive fiber intake; or has been exposed to various microorganisms, or stress.

true

Symptoms of celiac disease include: recurring abdominal bloating, cramping, diarrhea, gas, fatty and foul-smelling stools, weight loss, anemia, fatigue, bone and joint pain, and even a painful skin rash.

true

A mixture of the bolus, acid, enzymes, and gastric fluid is called

chyme

A individual who is constipated needs to consume

25-30 grams of fiber, and more water.

*The digestive organ which can be removed without causing harm is the

???? Bladder?

Fat-soluble nutrients are transported through the ________ system before they enter the bloodstream.

?????

Passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, or active transport are the process which are used during Question 15 options:

??absorbed

________ breaks large fat globules into smaller fat droplets to allow fat-digesting enzymes to come into contact with the fat.

Bile

The gastroesophageal sphincter, hydrochloric acid, and gastrin are found in the

Stomach

*Which of the following digestive disorders is fatal?

a. heartburn b. GEDR Neither A nor B is fatal

*The villi and microvilli are necessary for the process of

absorption

Passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, or active transport are the process which are used during

absorption

The process by which nutrients move into the tissues where they can be transported and used by the body's cells is called

absorption

the process by which nutrients move into the tissues where they can be transported and used by the body's cells is called

absorption

***What is the optimal sequence of processes in the gastrointestinal tract?

absorption digestion elimination

Coffee, tea, sodas, fruit juices, wine, sake, and distilled spirits are safe choices for persons who

are gluten-sensitive.

The ileocecal sphincter is located between the end of the small intestine and the beginning of the large intestine to prevent ________ of fecal contents from the large intestine into the small intestine.

backflow

The liver produces yellowish green fat-digesting ________ so that the gallbladder can concentrate and store it.

bile

Which of the following substances is involved in fat digestion?

bile

A person who has trouble digesting a protein in rye, wheat, and barley suffers from

celiac disease

Maria has heartburn. Which foods should she avoid?

chocolate, high-fat foods, and spicy foods