Practice Exam for Exam #2

5. Too many T4 (helper) cells can result in a. an autoimmune disease. b. diminished antibody responses. c. long-term immune activity. d. diminished immune functions.

A

A mother who repeatedly seeks medical treatment for her child's unusual illness and is overly involved in the child's treatment might need to be assessed for _____________. a. factitious disorder imposed on another b. malingering c. conversion disorder d. illness phobia

A

A person who experiences a persistent depressed mood for at least 2 years but is not experiencing major depression may have a. persistent depressive disorder. b. cyclothymic disorder. c. bipolar disorder. d. double depression.

A

A person who fakes symptoms for a goal is called a _________, while a person who fakes a disease for no clear goal has a ________disorder: a. malingerer; factitious b. conversion disorder patient; malingering c. fictitious disorder patient; conversion d. hypochondriac; factitious

A

Although Jill feels fine now and believes that she is healthy, she still worries endlessly about developing a serious illness. Most likely Jill would be diagnosed with a. illness anxiety disorder. b. conversion disorder. c. somatization disorder. d. body dysmorphic disorder.

A

An alter is a. a separate identity experienced by someone with dissociative identity disorder. b. a new identity created by someone with dissociative fugue. c. a new identity created by someone with generalized amnesia. d. a physical symptom with no physical cause experienced by someone with somatic symptom disorder.

A

An effective treatment for SAD is a. exposure to bright light shortly after awakening. b. exposure to bright light in the evening. c. exposure to a negative ion generator shortly after awakening. d. exposure to a negative ion generator in the evening.

A

Bipolar II disorder consists of a. depression with hypomanic episodes. b. depression with anxiety. c. depression with mania d. depression with dysthymia.

A

Depressive individuals tend to exhibit a. greater right anterior brain activity. b. greater left anterior brain activity. c. more alpha wave activity. d. less overall brain activity.

A

Factitious disorder imposed on another is often characterized by a. deliberate actions directed toward making a child sick. b. a parent denying that a child has symptoms that have, in fact, been observed. c. a parent developing the same symptoms that their child has. d. convincing a child to lie to a doctor about factitious symptoms.

A

Illness anxiety disorder exists when a. a person is excessively concerned about being sick, even when only experiencing minor symptoms. b. real physical illness is exaggerated to the point where the patient can only focus on the pain. c. the patient has an unrealistic fear of contacting germs. d. the patient is truly ill but does not trust the medical establishment enough to seek treatment.

A

In 1936 Canadian researcher Hans Selye discovered that giving injections to laboratory rats caused them to develop ulcers. His finding led to a new area of study called a. stress physiology. b. stress psychology. c. animal psychology. d. psychosomatic pathology.

A

Martin Seligman's theory that people become anxious and depressed because they believe that they have no control over the stress in their lives is called a. the learned helplessness theory. b. cognitive-behavioral theory. c. humanistic/existential theory. d. the control theory of depression.

A

Mood disorders can range from mild to severe; the most severe type of depression is called a. major depressive disorder b. dysthymia. c. cyclothymia. d. profound depression.

A

The development of chronic fatigue syndrome is associated with a. an extremely stressful life event. b. over exercise. c. achievement-oriented lifestyles. d. a tendency to minimize pain.

A

The disorder in which more than one distinct personality exists within one individual was changed from multiple personality disorder to ___________ in the DSM-IV. a. dissociative identity disorder b. dissociative trance disorder c. schizophrenia d. multiple personality disorder

A

The following types of medications are all used to treat depression EXCEPT a. SSRIs. b. mixed reuptake inhibitors. c. MAO inhibitors. d. GABA inhibitors.

A

Using the word psychosomatic to describe a disorder with an obvious physical component is considered misleading because a. it gives the impression that psychological disorders like anxiety or depression do not have a biological component. b. it assumes that the physical aspects of a disorder are less important than the psychological aspects. c. it emphasizes the psychological symptoms of a disorder instead of the physical symptoms. d. it gives the impression that biological disorders are not influenced by psychological factors.

A

When manic episodes alternate with depressive episodes, the disorder most correctly diagnosed would be a. bipolar disorder. b. major depressive disorder. c. bipolar II disorder d. cyclothymic disorder

A

6. Stress affects immune function a. but only if the stressful event is life-threatening. b. even if the stressful event lasts as little as 2 hours. c. in real life but not in the lab. d. only in the chronically ill.

B

According to the text, some of the major contributing factors to illness and death in the United States are currently a. viral and bacterial. b. behavioral and psychological. c. neurological and endocrinological. d. pharmacological and hormonal.

B

All of the following are side effects of lithium therapy EXCEPT ____________. a. lowered thyroid functioning b. weight loss c. toxicity d. lack of energy

B

Although both panic disorder patients and persons with somatic symptom disorder tend to misinterpret bodily sensations, patients with panic disorder a. are having real physical sensations, while the sensations of those with somatic symptom disorder are "all in their heads." b. tend to fear immediate catastrophe, while those with somatic symptom disorder tend to fear long-term illness. c. are having imagined physical sensations, while those with somatic symptom disorder are experiencing real physical sensations. d. tend to ignore the symptoms of their first attacks, while those with somatic symptom disorder tend to seek immediate medical treatment following the first indication of pain.

B

B cells are associated with ________ immunity, while T cells are associated with ______ immunity: a. humoral; memory b. humoral; cellular c. cellular; humoral d. vascular; suppressor

B

In regard to most disorders, serotonin is thought to a. function independently of other neurotransmitters. b. regulate other neurotransmitters, such as norepinephrine and dopamine. c. be unrelated to symptoms. d. none of the above

B

It has been suggested that biofeedback relieves the pain of tension headaches because it "teaches people to relax," but it is more likely that a. the patients whose pain is seemingly relieved by biofeedback are probably also taking aspirin or Tylenol. b. biofeedback training gives patients a sense of control over their headache pain. c. biofeedback has a "numbing effect" because it affects the nerve endings in the somatic nervous system. d. patients experience a placebo effect because the headache pain returns once the biofeedback sessions are completed.

B

Jane is diagnosed with bipolar II disorder. You can expect that she will experience a. full manic episodes. b. hypomanic episodes. c. both manic and hypomanic episodes. d. neither manic nor hypomanic episodes.

B

Knowledge derived from the behavioral sciences applied to the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of medical problems is called a. health psychology. b. behavioral medicine. c. psychophysiological disorders. d. psychosomatic medicine.

B

Persistent depressive disorder (formerly called dysthymia) differs from major depressive disorder because people diagnosed with dysthymia have symptoms of depression that are ________. a. more severe b. longer-lasting c. episodic d. temporary

B

Research has shown that increased levels of cortisol in response to stress may cause damage to parts of the _________________. a. skeletal system b. brain c. lungs d. stomach

B

Suicide associated with bipolar disorder almost always occurs during a. a manic phase. b. depressive episode. c. a prodromal period. d. a hypomanic phase.

B

4. Which of the following statements about AIDS is TRUE? a. An infected person immediately develops AIDS-related complex (ARC). b. The median time for the development of full-blown AIDS is around 7 to 10 years. c. The death rate from AIDS increased 80% since 1990. d. The current successful treatment of AIDS is the result of highly active antiviral therapy (HAART), which eliminates the virus.

C

The first episode of major depression is usually time-limited - often lasting up to ________ - if left untreated. a. 3 months b. 6 months c. 9 months d. 1 year

C

The part of the treatment plan for DID that is similar to the treatment plan for posttraumatic stress disorder is a. integration of personality fragments. b. use of antipsychotic medications. c. reliving the trauma (catharsis). d. hypnotic regression to early life experiences.

C

Unhealthy and/or risky behaviors that impact directly on the cardiovascular system may contribute to a. strokes and high blood pressure only. b. coronary heart disease only. c. strokes, high blood pressure, and coronary heart disease. d. reduced immunity to autoimmune diseases.

C

When individuals who are biologically vulnerable to depression place themselves in high-risk stressful environments, it is called a. humoral theory. b. the cognitive-behavioral model c. the gene-environment correlation model. d. a stress-depression linkage effect.

C

Whether or not stress and/or anxiety develop in a stressful situation appears to be related to one's perceived sense of ________________. a. happiness b. excitement c. control d. acceptance

C

Which of the following statements is TRUE about factitious disorders? a. Fortunately, the disorder does not seem to extend to other members of the family. b. The symptoms are under involuntary control. c. There is no obvious reason for voluntarily producing symptoms. d. The symptoms lead to a splintering off of one's identity into several "subpersonalities."

C

All of the following statements about lithium therapy are true EXCEPT a. lithium can act as an antidepressant. b. lithium can act as a mood stabilizer. c. dosage must be carefully regulated to prevent toxicity. d. the side effects of lithium are less serious than those of other antidepressants.

D

Contrary to the earlier belief that the brain and immune system operate independently of each other, scientists now know that a. the immune system functioning can be suppressed through classical conditioning. b. there are many connections between the nervous system and the immune system. c. there are psychological influences on the neurological responding implicated in our immune response d. all of the above

D

Health psychology, a subfield of behavioral medicine, focuses on all of the following EXCEPT a. promotion and maintenance of health. b. health policy formation. c. improvements in healthcare systems. d. psychosomatic effects on health.

D

In response to sustained stress, the body goes through several stages that together constitute the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), a concept proposed by researcher Hans Selye. The GAS consists of all the following stages EXCEPT _____________. a. Alarm b. Resistance c. Exhaustion d. remediation

D

Miss T was slightly injured in an accident but has fully recovered. Although she has been given medical clearance to go back to work and resume her normal activities, she maintains that she is still suffering from pain. You would correctly assess Miss T as someone who probably ha a. adequate coping skills. b. strong family and social support. c. no history of anxiety and/or depression. d. a disability claim pending.

D

One of the symptoms of a mood disorder is called anhedonia, which means a. a feeling of worthlessness. b. an altered pattern of sleep. c. indecisiveness. d. an inability to engage in pleasurable activities.

D

Recent evidence indicates a higher level of ___________ in patients with bipolar disorder that was marked by a rapid cycling pattern compared to those with a non-rapid cycling pattern. a. treatment response b. resistance to treatment c. medication side effects d. suicide

D

The less severe but more chronic version of bipolar disorder is called __________ disorder. a. dysphoric b. seasonal affective c. bipolar III d. cyclothymic

D

Various psychological factors have been used to explain individual variations in blood pressure including all of the following EXCEPT _____________. a. coping style b. personality c. level of stress d. cognitive skills

D

Which of the following does NOT describe an effective psychosocial intervention that has been reported in oncology research studies? a. Use of psychological treatments that reduce pain and depression and enhance feelings of well-being b. Use of videotapes and dolls that reduce children's stress and anxiety during medical procedures c. Use of therapy sessions that temporarily prolong life for breast cancer patients both during and after the intervention d. Use of cognitive imaging techniques that temporarily render the AIDS virus inactive for brief periods

D

Which of the following factors contribute to the integrative theory of depression? a. Stressful life events b. Stress hormones c. Neurotransmitter systems d. All of these

D

Which of the following is NOT characteristic of the sleep of depressed patients? a. They enter REM sleep quickly. b. They experience intense REM episodes. c. They show delayed slow wave sleep. d. They show advanced slow wave sleep.

D